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Humpton TJ, Hock AK, Kiourtis C, Donatis MD, Fercoq F, Nixon C, Bryson S, Strathdee D, Carlin LM, Bird TG, Blyth K, Vousden KH. A noninvasive iRFP713 p53 reporter reveals dynamic p53 activity in response to irradiation and liver regeneration in vivo. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabd9099. [PMID: 35133863 PMCID: PMC7612476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded probes are widely used to visualize cellular processes in vitro and in vivo. Although effective in cultured cells, fluorescent protein tags and reporters are suboptimal in vivo because of poor tissue penetration and high background signal. Luciferase reporters offer improved signal-to-noise ratios but require injections of luciferin that can lead to variable responses and that limit the number and timing of data points that can be gathered. Such issues in studying the critical transcription factor p53 have limited insight on its activity in vivo during development and tissue injury responses. Here, by linking the expression of the near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713 to a synthetic p53-responsive promoter, we generated a knock-in reporter mouse that enabled noninvasive, longitudinal analysis of p53 activity in vivo in response to various stimuli. In the developing embryo, this model revealed the timing and localization of p53 activation. In adult mice, the model monitored p53 activation in response to irradiation and paracetamol- or CCl4-induced liver regeneration. After irradiation, we observed potent and sustained activation of p53 in the liver, which limited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted DNA damage resolution. We propose that this new reporter may be used to further advance our understanding of various physiological and pathophysiological p53 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Humpton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Marco De Donatis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Fercoq
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G. Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH164TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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2
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Jaiswal SK, Oh JJ, DePamphilis ML. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are not dependent on p53 prior to p53-dependent embryonic stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1091-1106. [PMID: 32478947 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous efforts to determine whether or not the transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein p53 is required for DNA damage-induced apoptosis in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) produced contradictory conclusions. To resolve this issue, p53+/+ and p53-/- ESCs derived by two different methods were used to quantify time-dependent changes in nuclear DNA content; annexin-V binding; cell permeabilization; and protein expression, modification, and localization. The results revealed that doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR]) concentrations 10 to 40 times less than commonly used in previous studies induced the DNA damage-dependent G2-checkpoint and completed apoptosis within the same time frame, regardless of the presence or absence of p53, p21, and PUMA. Increased ADR concentrations delayed initiation of apoptosis in p53-/- ESCs, but the rates of apoptosis remained equivalent. Similar results were obtained by inducing apoptosis with either staurosporine inhibition of kinase activities or WX8 disruption of lysosome homeostasis. Differentiation of ESCs by LIF deprivation revealed p53-dependent formation of haploid cells, increased genomic stability, and suppression of the G2-checkpoint. Minimal induction of DNA damage now resulted in p53-facilitated apoptosis, but regulation of pluripotent gene expression remained p53-independent. Primary embryonic fibroblasts underwent p53-dependent total cell cycle arrest (a prelude to cell senescence), and p53-independent apoptosis occurred in the presence of 10-fold higher levels of ADR, consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these results reveal that the multiple roles of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are first acquired during pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J Oh
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Mortensen ACL, Spiegelberg D, Brown CJ, Lane DP, Nestor M. The Stapled Peptide PM2 Stabilizes p53 Levels and Radiosensitizes Wild-Type p53 Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:923. [PMID: 31616635 PMCID: PMC6764291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a key mediator of cellular stress and DNA damage response cascades and is activated after exposure to ionizing radiation. Amplifying wild-type p53 expression by targeting negative regulators such as MDM2 in combination with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) may result in increased therapeutic effects. The novel stapled peptide PM2 prevents MDM2 from suppressing wild-type p53, and is thus a promising agent for therapeutic combination with EBRT. Effects of PM2 and potential PM2-induced radiosensitivity were assessed in a panel of cancer cell lines using 2D cell viability assays. Western Blot and flow cytometric analyses were used to investigate the mechanisms behind the observed effects in samples treated with PM2 and EBRT. Finally, PM2-treatment combined with EBRT was evaluated in an in vitro 3D spheroid model. PM2-therapy decreased cell viability in wild-type p53, HPV-negative cell lines. Western Blotting and flow cytometry confirmed upregulation of p53, as well as initiation of p53-mediated apoptosis measured by increased cleaved caspase-3 and Noxa activity. Furthermore, 3D in vitro tumor spheroid experiments confirmed the superior effects of the combination, as the only treatment regime resulting in growth inhibition and complete spheroid disintegration. We conclude that PM2 induces antitumorigenic effects in wt p53 HPV-negative cancer cells and potentiates the effects of EBRT, ultimately resulting in tumor eradication in a 3D spheroid model. This strategy shows great potential as a new wt p53 specific tumor-targeting compound, and the combination of PM2 and EBRT could be a promising strategy to increase therapeutic effects and decrease adverse effects from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David Philip Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang Q, Di C, Yan J, Wang F, Qu T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang H. Inhibition of SF3b1 by pladienolide B evokes cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and p73 splicing in human cervical carcinoma cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1596922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Qu
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Medical School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:393-405. [PMID: 26122615 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of p53 as a tumour suppressor has been attributed to its ability to promote cell death or permanently inhibit cell proliferation. However, in recent years, it has become clear that p53 can also contribute to cell survival. p53 regulates various metabolic pathways, helping to balance glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, and contributing to the ability of cells to adapt to and survive mild metabolic stresses. Although these activities may be integrated into the tumour suppressive functions of p53, deregulation of some elements of the p53-induced response might also provide tumours with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Kruiswijk
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. [2]
| | | | - Karen H Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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6
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ArhGAP30 promotes p53 acetylation and function in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4735. [PMID: 25156493 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification adding acetyl groups to the C terminus of the p53 protein has been suggested to be required for its functional activation as a tumour suppressor. However, it remains largely unknown how p53 acetylation is deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Here we show that ArhGAP30, a Rho GTPase-activating protein, is a pivotal regulator for p53 acetylation and functional activation in CRC. ArhGAP30 binds to p53 C-terminal domain and P300, facilitating P300-mediated acetylation of p53 at lysine 382. ArhGAP30 expression is required for p53 activation upon DNA damage stress, and the level of ArhGAP30 correlates with p53 acetylation and functional activation in CRC tissues. Moreover, low level of ArhGAP30 expression associates with poor survival of CRC patients. In summary, ArhGAP30 is required for p53 acetylation and functional activation in CRC, and the expression of ArhGAP30 is a potential prognostic marker for CRC.
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Pal S, Bhattacharjee A, Ali A, Mandal NC, Mandal SC, Pal M. Chronic inflammation and cancer: potential chemoprevention through nuclear factor kappa B and p53 mutual antagonism. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 25152696 PMCID: PMC4142057 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB) as a mechanism of host defense against infection and stress is the central mediator of inflammatory responses. A normal (acute) inflammatory response is activated on urgent basis and is auto-regulated. Chronic inflammation that results due to failure in the regulatory mechanism, however, is largely considered as a critical determinant in the initiation and progression of various forms of cancer. Mechanistically, NF- κB favors this process by inducing various genes responsible for cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion while at the same time antagonizing growth regulators including tumor suppressor p53. It has been shown by various independent investigations that a down regulation of NF- κB activity directly, or indirectly through the activation of the p53 pathway reduces tumor growth substantially. Therefore, there is a huge effort driven by many laboratories to understand the NF- κB signaling pathways to intervene the function of this crucial player in inflammation and tumorigenesis in order to find an effective inhibitor directly, or through the p53 tumor suppressor. We discuss here on the role of NF- κB in chronic inflammation and cancer, highlighting mutual antagonism between NF- κB and p53 pathways in the process. We also discuss prospective pharmacological modulators of these two pathways, including those that were already tested to affect this mutual antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Pal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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8
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TP53 aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:109-31. [PMID: 24014294 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CLL patients harboring TP53 defects remain the most challenging group in terms of designing rational and effective therapy. Irrespective of the treatment employed-chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, or pure biological drugs-median survival of these patients does not exceed 3-4 years. This adverse outcome is caused by a less effective response to therapeutics acting through DNA damage induction and relying on the subsequent initiation of apoptosis as well as by virtually inevitable aggressive relapse. Patient proportions with TP53 defects at diagnosis or before first therapy were reported within the range 5-15 %, but they increase dramatically in pretreated cohorts (reported up to 44 %), and also in patients with Richter transformation (50 % harbor TP53 defects). Currently, most laboratories monitor TP53 defect as presence of 17p deletion using I-FISH, but 23-45 % of TP53-affected patients were shown to harbor only mutation(s). In other patients with intact TP53, the p53 pathway may be impaired by mutations in ATM gene coding for the p53-regulatory kinase; however, prognosis of ATM-defective patients is not as poor as those with TP53 abnormalities. Though many novel agents are under development, the monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab and allogeneic stem cell transplantation remain the basic treatment options for TP53-affected CLL patients.
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