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Roşca AE, Vlădăreanu AM, Mirica R, Anghel-Timaru CM, Mititelu A, Popescu BO, Căruntu C, Voiculescu SE, Gologan Ş, Onisâi M, Iordan I, Zăgrean L. Taurine and Its Derivatives: Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect on Platelet Function and Their Antithrombotic Potential. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030666. [PMID: 35160118 PMCID: PMC8837186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a semi-essential, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, with a six times higher concentration in platelets than any other amino acid. It is highly beneficial for the organism, has many therapeutic actions, and is currently approved for heart failure treatment in Japan. Taurine has been repeatedly reported to elicit an inhibitory action on platelet activation and aggregation, sustained by in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro animal and human studies. Taurine showed effectiveness in several pathologies involving thrombotic diathesis, such as diabetes, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and others. As human prospective studies on thrombosis outcome are very difficult to carry out, there is an obvious need to validate existing findings, and bring new compelling data about the mechanisms underlying taurine and derivatives antiplatelet action and their antithrombotic potential. Chloramine derivatives of taurine proved a higher stability and pronounced selectivity for platelet receptors, raising the assumption that they could represent future potential antithrombotic agents. Considering that taurine and its analogues display permissible side effects, along with the need of finding new, alternative antithrombotic drugs with minimal side effects and long-term action, the potential clinical relevance of this fascinating nutrient and its derivatives requires further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Eugen Roşca
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Ana-Maria Vlădăreanu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Radu Mirica
- Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Anghel-Timaru
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alina Mititelu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Şerban Gologan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias Clinical Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Minodora Onisâi
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Iuliana Iordan
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Department of Medical Semiology and Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH, McCarty MF. Targeting aspirin resistance with nutraceuticals: a possible strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Open Heart 2017; 4:e000642. [PMID: 28912955 PMCID: PMC5589004 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas, USA
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Vijitjaroen K, Punjaruk W, Wyss JM, Roysommuti S. Perinatal taurine exposure alters hematological and chemical properties of blood in adult male rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:157-66. [PMID: 25833496 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krissada Vijitjaroen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Deminice R, Rosa FT, da Silva LECM, Jordao AA. Taurine supplementation does not decrease homocysteine levels and liver injury induced by a choline-deficient diet. Life Sci 2014; 105:43-7. [PMID: 24769283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to examine the effects of taurine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver injury in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. MAIN METHODS Thirty rats were divided into three groups (n=10), to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), choline-deficient diet (CDD), or choline-deficient diet supplemented with taurine (CDDT). The CDD and the CDDT consisted of AIN-93 without the recommended choline content of 2.5%, and the CDDT was supplemented by the addition of 2.5% taurine. KEY FINDINGS Four weeks of ingesting a CDD resulted in a significant increase in plasma Hcy (50%) as well as a decrease in liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentration and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. No changes were found in plasma methionine and cysteine plasma levels compared to control group. Four weeks of ingesting a CDD also caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in hepatic total fat, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In addition, reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH/GSSG) were found in rats fed a CDD compared to controls. Taurine supplementation of the CDD normalized genes involved in the remethylation pathway, BHMT and CHDH, which were impaired by CDD alone. However, taurine supplementation failed to prevent CDD-induced Hcy metabolism disturbances and hepatic injury. Also, taurine added to CDD caused decreased expression of PEMT, CHKa, and CHKb, key genes involved in phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis and liver fat accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE Taurine supplementation failed to ameliorate impaired Hcy metabolism and liver injury caused by CDD intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Troncon Rosa
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordao
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effect of taurine and potential interactions with caffeine on cardiovascular function. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1147-57. [PMID: 24615238 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The major impetus behind the rise in energy drink popularity among adults is their ability to heighten mental alertness, improve physical performance and supply energy. However, accompanying the exponential growth in energy drink usage have been recent case reports and analyses from the National Poison Data System, raising questions regarding the safety of energy drinks. Most of the safety concerns have centered on the effect of energy drinks on cardiovascular and central nervous system function. Although the effects of caffeine excess have been widely studied, little information is available on potential interactions between the other active ingredients of energy drinks and caffeine. One of the active ingredients often mentioned as a candidate for interactions with caffeine is the beta-amino acid, taurine. Although taurine is considered a conditionally essential nutrient for humans and is thought to play a key role in several human diseases, clinical studies evaluating the effects of taurine are limited. However, based on this review regarding possible interactions between caffeine and taurine, we conclude that taurine should neutralize several untoward effects of caffeine excess. In agreement with this conclusion, the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food published a report in March 2003 summarizing its investigation into potential interactions of the ingredients in energy drinks. At the cardiovascular level, they concluded that "if there are any interactions between caffeine and taurine, taurine might reduce the cardiovascular effects of caffeine." Although these interactions remain to be further examined in humans, the physiological functions of taurine appear to be inconsistent with the adverse cardiovascular symptoms associated with excessive consumption of caffeine-taurine containing beverages.
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