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Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Nna VU, Mohamed M. The promising roles of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds on hepatic lipid metabolism in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models: molecular targets. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1262-1278. [PMID: 34153200 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1939387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism can lead to an abnormal triglycerides deposition in the hepatocytes which can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Four main mechanisms responsible for regulating hepatic lipid metabolism are fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Controlling the expression of transcription factors at molecular level plays a crucial role in NAFLD management. This paper reviews various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds emphasising mechanisms involved in hepatic lipid metabolism, other important NAFLD pathological features, and their promising roles in managing NAFLD through regulating key transcription factors. Although there are many medicinal plants popularly investigated for NAFLD treatment, there is still little information and scientific evidence available and there has been no research on clinical trials scrutinised on this matter. This review also aims to provide molecular information of medicinal plants in NALFD treatment that might have potentials for future scientifically controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Deng T, Wu J, Abdel-Shafy H, Wang X, Lv H, Shaukat A, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Sun H, Wei P, Sun N, Huang Q, Xu L, Liu M, Lin Y, Yang L, Hua G. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Thiolase Family and Functional Characterization of the Acetyl-Coenzyme A Acyltransferase-1 Gene for Milk Biosynthesis and Production of Buffalo and Cattle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3325-3337. [PMID: 36780201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cattle and buffalo served as the first and second largest dairy animals, respectively, providing 96% milk products worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying milk synthesis is critical to develop the technique to improve milk production. Thiolases, also known as acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferases (ACAT), are an enzyme family that plays vital roles in lipid metabolism, including ACAT1, ACAT2, ACAA1, ACAA2, and HADHB. Our present study showed that these five members were orthologous in six livestock species including buffalo and cattle. Transcriptomic data analyses derived from different lactations stages showed that ACAA1 displayed different expression patterns between buffalo and cattle. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that ACAA1 were dominantly located in the mammary epithelial cells of these two dairy animals. Knockdown of ACAA1 inhibited mammary epithelial cell proliferation and triglyceride and β-casein secretion by regulating related gene expressions in cattle and buffalo. In contrast, ACAA1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and triglyceride secretion. Finally, three novel SNPs (g.-681A>T, g.-23117C>T, and g.-24348G>T) were detected and showed significant association with milk production traits of Mediterranean buffaloes. In addition, g.-681A>T mutation located in the promoter region changed transcriptional activity significantly. Our findings suggested that ACAA1 play a key role in regulating buffalo and cattle milk synthesis and provided basic information to further understand the dairy animal lactation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hamdy Abdel-Shafy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Takala R, Ramji DP, Choy E. The Beneficial Effects of Pine Nuts and Its Major Fatty Acid, Pinolenic Acid, on Inflammation and Metabolic Perturbations in Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021171. [PMID: 36674687 PMCID: PMC9861571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are regulated by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Current treatments for these conditions are associated with significant side effects and do not completely suppress inflammation. The benefits of diet, especially the role of specific components, are poorly understood. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have several beneficial health effects. The majority of studies on PUFAs have been on omega-3 fatty acids. This review will focus on a less studied fatty acid, pinolenic acid (PNLA) from pine nuts, which typically constitutes up to 20% of its total fatty acids. PNLA is emerging as a dietary PUFA and a promising supplement in the prevention of inflammatory disorders or as an alternative therapy. Some studies have shown the health implications of pine nuts oil (PNO) and PNLA in weight reduction, lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions as well as in suppression of cell invasiveness and motility in cancer. However, few reviews have specifically focused on the biological and anti-inflammatory effects of PNLA. Furthermore, in recent bioinformatic studies on human samples, the expression of many mRNAs and microRNAs was regulated by PNLA indicating potential transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory and metabolic processes. The aim of this review is to summarize, highlight, and evaluate research findings on PNO and PNLA in relation to potential anti-inflammatory benefits and beneficial metabolic changes. In this context, the focus of the review is on the potential actions of PNLA on inflammation along with modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress based on data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and human findings, including gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Takala
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Correspondence:
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Wang M, Han H, Wan F, Zhong R, Do YJ, Oh SI, Lu X, Liu L, Yi B, Zhang H. Dihydroquercetin Supplementation Improved Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism Mediated by Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245214. [PMID: 36558373 PMCID: PMC9788101 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a natural flavonoid with multiple bioactivities, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether DHQ improved lipid dysmetabolism in the body, especially in the liver, and whether there is a relationship between hepatic metabolism and altered gut flora in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. HFD-induced mice were given 50 mg/kg body weight DHQ intragastrically for 10 weeks. The data showed that DHQ reduced body weight, the weight of the liver and white adipose tissue as well as serum leptin, LPS, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RNA-seq results indicated that DHQ down-regulated lipogenesis-related genes and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including MOGAT1 and CPT1A. Furthermore, DHQ had a tendency to decrease hepatic cholesterol contents by reducing the mRNA levels of cholesterol synthesis genes such as FDPS and HMGCS1. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that DHQ significantly decreased the richness of Lactococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that these bacteria, Lactococcus and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group in particular, had significantly positive correlation with lipid and cholesterol synthesis genes, and negative correlation with fatty acid oxidation genes. In conclusion, DHQ could improve hepatic lipid dysmetabolism potentially by improved gut microbial community, which may be used as an intervention strategy in hepatic metabolism diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuemeng Lu
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62816013
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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He Y, Liu N, Ji Y, Tso P, Wu Z. Weaning Stress in Piglets Alters the Expression of Intestinal Proteins Involved in Fat Absorption. J Nutr 2022; 152:2387-2395. [PMID: 36774105 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo data on intestinal fat absorption in weanling piglets are scarce. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of weaning stress on intestinal fat absorption. METHODS Eighteen 7-d-old sow-reared piglets (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 6/group, 3 males and 3 females per group). Piglets were nursed by sows until 24 d of age (suckling piglets, S), or weaned at 21 d of age to a corn-soybean meal-based diet until 24 d (3 d postweaning, W3) or 28 d (7 d postweaning, W7) of age, respectively. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected to determine intestinal morphology and abundance of proteins related to fat absorption. RESULTS Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower villus height (17-34%) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (13-53%), as well as 1-1.45 times greater crypt depth; these values were 1.18-1.31, 0.69-1.15, and 1.47-1.87 times greater in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively. Compared with the S group, weaning stress for both W3 and W7 groups reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity (26-73%), serum lipids (26-54%), and abundances of proteins related to fatty acid transport [fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)] and chylomicron assembly [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), B (APOB), and A-I (APOA1)] in the duodenum and ileum (10-55%), as well as in the jejunum (25-85%). All these indexes did not differ between W3 and W7 groups. Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower mRNA abundances of duodenal APOA4 and APOA1 (25-50%), as well as jejunal FATP4, IFABP, MTTP, APOA4, and APOA1 (35-50%); these values were 5-15% and 10-37% lower in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Weaning stress in piglets attenuates the expression of intestinal proteins related to fatty acid transport (FATP4 and I-FABP) and chylomicron synthesis (APOA4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Kettunen H, Bento MHL, Lewis EA, Remington S, Matthews A, Hendrix S, Vuorenmaa J. Tolerability of graded levels of tall oil fatty acids as a nutritional additive for broiler chickens: a 45-day target animal safety study. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:847-856. [PMID: 35946320 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2106776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. The following study was conducted to evaluate the tolerability of tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) to broiler chickens, at 3 graded levels as a nutritional additive in complete feed.2. 256 one-day-old female and male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were assigned to four dietary treatment groups with TOFA at 0 (control), 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 g/kg complete feed for 45 days.3. Birds were weighed individually on days 0, 16, 31, and 45, and the feed intake, bird weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were calculated for the respective starter, grower and finisher phases and over the whole study. On day 45, blood samples were drawn from each bird for haematology and blood chemistry measurements. Two birds per pen were subjected to gross pathological examination and sampling of several tissues for histopathology, including weighing the liver.4. The dietary treatments did not affect zootechnical performance parameters or mortality over the whole study period. Bird performance was typical for the breed.5. Haematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology did not reveal any changes associated with dietary TOFA dosing. However, the 5.0 g/kg dose level increased the relative weight of the liver, as a percentage of final body weight, compared to the control group, but there was lack of corresponding histopathology findings.6. In conclusion, the study indicated that oral administration of TOFA for 45 days in feed was well tolerated by the birds at dietary levels of up to 5.0 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kettunen
- Hankkija Oy, Peltokuumolantie 4, FIN-05801 Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - M H L Bento
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - E A Lewis
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - S Remington
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - A Matthews
- Colorado Quality Research Inc. 400 East Country Road 72, Wellington. CO 80549, USA
| | - S Hendrix
- Colorado Quality Research Inc. 400 East Country Road 72, Wellington. CO 80549, USA
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Li H, Herrmann T, Seeßle J, Liebisch G, Merle U, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211854. [PMID: 35583196 PMCID: PMC9160530 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Westkuesten Hospital, Esmarchstraße 50, 25746 Heide, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Shin S, Park S, Lim Y, Han SN. Dietary supplementation with Korean pine nut oil decreases body fat accumulation and dysregulation of the appetite-suppressing pathway in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:285-297. [PMID: 35663443 PMCID: PMC9149321 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to suppress appetite by increasing satiety hormone release. However, previous studies have rendered inconsistent results and there is lack of information on whether dietary Korean PNO affects the expression of satiety hormone receptors and hypothalamic neuropeptides. Therefore, our study sought to evaluate the chronic effects of Korean PNO on the long-term regulation of energy balance. MATERIALS/METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with control diets containing 10% kcal fat from Korean PNO or soybean oil (SBO) (PC or SC) or high-fat diets (HFDs) containing 35% kcal fat from lard and 10% kcal fat from Korean PNO or SBO (PHFD or SHFD) for 12 weeks. The expression of gastrointestinal satiety hormone receptors, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and genes related to intestinal lipid absorption and adipose lipid metabolism was then measured. RESULTS There was no difference in the daily food intake between PNO- and SBO-fed mice; however, the PC and PHFD groups accumulated 30% and 18% less fat compared to SC and SHFD, respectively. Korean PNO-fed mice exhibited higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Ghsr (ghrelin receptor) and Agrp (agouti-related peptide) (P < 0.05), which are expressed when energy consumption is low to induce appetite as well as the appetite-suppressing neuropeptides Pomc and Cartpt (P = 0.079 and 0.056, respectively). Korean PNO downregulated jejunal Cd36 and epididymal Lpl mRNA expressions, which could suppress intestinal fatty acid absorption and fat storage in white adipose tissue. Consistent with these findings, Korean PNO-fed mice had higher levels of fecal non-esterified fatty acid excretion. Korean PNO also tended to downregulate jejunal Apoa4 and upregulate epididymal Adrb3 mRNA levels, suggesting that PNO may decrease chylomicron synthesis and induce lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, Korean PNO attenuated body fat accumulation, and appeared to prevent HFD-induced dysregulation of the hypothalamic appetite-suppressing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Shin
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeseo Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Wang Y, Li X, Cao Y, Xiao C, Liu Y, Jin H, Cao Y. Effect of the ACAA1 Gene on Preadipocyte Differentiation in Sheep. Front Genet 2021; 12:649140. [PMID: 34234807 PMCID: PMC8255805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAA1) functions as a key regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes by catalyzing the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA, which participate in the extension and degradation of fatty acids. Thus, ACAA1 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism and plays an essential role in fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism. Our previous study findings revealed that ACAA1 is closely associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways, which are involved in fat deposition in sheep, leading to our hypothesis that ACAA1 may be involved in fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism. However, the associated molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, to assess the potential function of ACAA1 in sheep preadipocyte differentiation, we knocked down and overexpressed ACAA1 in sheep preadipocytes and evaluated the pattern of ACAA1 gene expression during preadipocyte differentiation by qRT-PCR. ACAA1 was significantly expressed in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, and then its expression decreased. ACAA1 deficiency increased lipid accumulation and the triglyceride content and promoted sheep preadipocyte differentiation, whereas ACAA1 overexpression inhibited adipogenesis and decreased lipid accumulation and the triglyceride content. Simultaneously, we demonstrated that ACAA1 deficiency upregulated the expressions of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and C/EBPα in sheep preadipocytes, but ACAA1 overexpression inhibited the expressions of these markers, indicating that ACAA1 affects lipid metabolism by regulating adipogenic marker genes. Our results may promote a better understanding of the regulation of adipogenesis by ACAA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Haiguo Jin
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
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10
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Baker EJ, Miles EA, Calder PC. A review of the functional effects of pine nut oil, pinolenic acid and its derivative eicosatrienoic acid and their potential health benefits. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101097. [PMID: 33831456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pine nut oil (PNO) is rich in a variety of unusual delta-5-non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFAs), including pinolenic acid (PLA; all cis-5,-9,-12 18:3) which typically comprises 14 to 19% of total fatty acids. PLA has been shown to be metabolised to eicosatrienoic acid (ETA; all cis-7,-11,-14 20:3) in various cells and tissues. Here we review the literature on PNO, PLA and its metabolite ETA in the context of human health applications. PNO and PLA have a range of favourable effects on body weight as well as fat deposition through increased energy expenditure (fatty acid oxidation) and decreased food energy intake (reduced appetite). PNO and PLA improve blood and hepatic lipids in animal models and insulin sensitivity in vitro and reduce inflammation and modulate immune function in vitro and in animal models. The few studies which have examined effects of ETA indicate it has anti-inflammatory properties. Another NMIFA from PNO, sciadonic acid (all cis-5,-11,-14 20:3), has generally similar properties to PLA where these have been investigated. There is potential for human health benefits from PNO, its constituent NMIFA PLA and the PLA derivative ETA. However further studies are needed to explore the effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella J Baker
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Park CY, Shin Y, Kim JH, Zhu S, Jung YS, Han SN. Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on vitamin D metabolism and tissue distribution in vitamin D deficient or supplemented mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:44. [PMID: 32549901 PMCID: PMC7294642 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been often observed in obese persons. One of the mechanisms suggested for low vitamin D status in obesity was decreased bioavailability of vitamin D (VD) due to sequestration in adipose tissue. However, only few studies have investigated this mechanism via quantifying vitamin D levels from tissues from the obese. Methods Six-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were fed 10 or 45% kcal fat (CON or HFD) diets containing 50, 1000 or 25,000 IU vitamin D3/kg diet (LVd, CVd or HVd) for 13 wks. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and liver and adipose tissue cholecalciferol (VD3) and 25-hydrocholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. mRNA levels of jejunal Mttp, Cd36, Sr-b1, Npc1l1, and Abca1 and liver and adipose tissue 25-hydroxylases (Cyp2r1 and Cyp27a1) were determined by real-time PCR. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were affected by dietary vitamin D content but differential effects were observed between HFD and CON groups. When vitamin D intake was at a supplementary level, the HFD-HVd group had lower serum 25(OH)D levels than the CON-HVd group, while there was no significant difference between the HFD and CON groups fed LVd or CVd. Total amount of VD3 in liver and adipose tissue were significantly higher in HFD-HVd group compared with the CON-HVd group. However, no difference in total amount of tissue VD3 was observed between the CON and HFD groups fed CVd. In jejunum, mRNA levels of Mttp and Abca1 were significantly higher in HFD groups than CON groups. There was no difference in mRNA levels of liver 25-hydroxylases by both dietary fat amount and vitamin D content. Conclusion A significant amount of VD3 seemed to be stored in the liver and adipose tissue when dietary vitamin D is at a supplementation level; thus excess body adiposity could contribute to relatively low serum 25(OH)D level when vitamin D was supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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He WS, Li L, Rui J, Li J, Sun Y, Cui D, Xu B. Tomato seed oil attenuates hyperlipidemia and modulates gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:4275-4290. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TSO can significantly improve fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, thereby inhibiting obesity and hypercholesterolemia. TSO can favorably modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jiaxin Rui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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13
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Yang P, Zhang H, Wan J, Hu J, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols reduced faecal lipids, calcium contents and altered lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:474-483. [PMID: 30569770 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1541968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerol (sn-2 PTAG) on faecal lipids, calcium excretion and lipid metabolic alternation was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with high-fat diet containing either palm olein (PO, sn-2 palmitic acid (PA) of 14.8%), sn-2 PTAG50 (sn-2 PA of 56.4%) or sn-2 PTAG70 (sn-2 PA of 72.4%), respectively. After 4-week feeding period, SD rats fed with sn-2 PTAGs showed reduced faecal soap fatty acids, neutral lipid and calcium excretion compared to those of PO-fed rats, whereas a significant difference was only observed for the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Moreover, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also showed a significant effect on decreasing serum triacylglycerol (TAG) level, reducing perirenal adipocyte size and regulating lipid metabolism in small intestine and perirenal adipose tissue of SD rats. Significantly increased mRNA levels of genes involved in intestinal lipid anabolism as well as lipid catabolism were both observed in the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Meanwhile, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also significantly up-regulated lipolysis, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis-related gene and protein levels in perirenal adipose tissue, which might be correlated with the reduced perirenal adipocyte size. Taken together, our findings indicated that sn-2 PTAG70 may have some beneficial effects on intestinal lipid utilisation and lipid metabolic activity for energy supply in visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Yang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianchun Wan
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Junchen Liu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing , China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- d Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , ML , USA
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14
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Yu DL, Li HW, Wang Y, Li CQ, You D, Jiang L, Song YP, Li XH. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain expression is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and poor prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7643-7653. [PMID: 30464513 PMCID: PMC6217208 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) was revealed to have a correlation with malignant progression of cancer. However, whether ACADL plays a role in clinical therapy remains unclear. The clinicopathological role of ACADL in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) will be discussed in this study. Materials and methods The expression of ACADL was analyzed via real-time PCR and Western blotting to assess mRNA and protein levels in ESCC cell lines and normal esophageal epithelial cells (NEECs), in six paired ESCC tumors and relative normal tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 135 paraffin-embedded ESCC specimens to assess ACADL expression. The clinicopathological significance of ACADL expression was further investigated via survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results ACADL was found to be markedly upregulated in ESCC cell lines when compared with NEECs. Moreover, various experiments such as quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses all revealed that ACADL expression was increased in all six paired ESCC tumors and matched normal tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased level of ACADL protein expression in all 135 paraffin-embedded samples from ESCC patients, which increased with disease progression. Conclusion We demonstrated that ACADL is overexpressed in ESCC, both in cell lines and clinical specimens. ACADL is found to be a vital regulator in ESCC progression and can predict a worse outcome for ESCC patients, suggesting that ACADL might be a valuable molecule to be targeted for clinical therapy of ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Yu
- Department of basic Theory of traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Cun-Qi Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Dong You
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Peng Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China, ;
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