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Allergic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on Risk Factors, Immunological Mechanisms, Link with COVID-19, Potential Treatments, and Role of Allergen Bioinformatics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212105. [PMID: 34831860 PMCID: PMC8622387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is regarded as one of the key challenges in health worldwide. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this rapid increase in prevalence are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a significant role. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. Avoiding allergen exposure is the best treatment option; however, steroids, antihistamines, and other symptom-relieving drugs are also used. Allergen bioinformatics encompasses both computational tools/methods and allergen-related data resources for managing, archiving, and analyzing allergological data. This study highlights allergy-promoting mechanisms, algorithms, and concepts in allergen bioinformatics, as well as major areas for future research in the field of allergology.
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Alberca-Custodio RW, Faustino LD, Gomes E, Nunes FPB, de Siqueira MK, Labrada A, Almeida RR, Câmara NOS, da Fonseca DM, Russo M. Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy With Liposome Containing CpG-ODN in Murine Model of Asthma Relies on MyD88 Signaling in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32391011 PMCID: PMC7191058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing the immune responses to allergens is the cornerstone of allergen immunotherapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy that consists of repeated administration of increasing doses of allergen extract is potentially curative. The major inconveniences of allergen-specific immunotherapy include failure to modify immune responses, long-term treatment leading to non-compliance and the potential for developing life-threating anaphylaxis. Here we investigated the effect of a novel liposomal formulation carrying low dose of allergen combined with CpG-ODN, a synthetic TLR9 agonist, on established allergic lung inflammation. We found that challenge with allergen (OVA) encapsulated in cationic liposome induced significantly less severe cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. Notably, short-term treatment (three doses) with a liposomal formulation containing co-encapsulated allergen plus CpG-ODN, but not allergen or CpG-ODN alone, reversed an established allergic lung inflammation and provided long-term protection. This liposomal formulation was also effective against allergens derived from Blomia tropicalis mite extract. The attenuation of allergic inflammation was not associated with increased numbers of Foxp3-positive or IL-10-producing regulatory T cells or with increased levels of IFN-gamma in the lungs. Instead, the anti-allergic effect of the liposomal formulation was dependent of the innate immune signal transduction generated in CD11c-positive putative dendritic cells expressing MyD88 molecule. Therefore, we highlight the pivotal role of dendritic cells in mediating the attenuation of established allergic lung inflammation following immunotherapy with a liposomal formulation containing allergen plus CpG-ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas D. Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexis Labrada
- Department of Allergens, National Center of Bioproducts (BIOCEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nordengrün M, Michalik S, Völker U, Bröker BM, Gómez-Gascón L. The quest for bacterial allergens. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:738-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Peleteiro TS, Oliveira ES, Conceição EL, Nascimento-Sampaio F, Alcântara-Neves NM, Mendes CMC, Bessa TCB. Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination on serum IgE levels in a randomized controlled trial. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0081-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Theolis Costa Barbosa Bessa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Rede Brasileira de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Brasil
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Ren J, Hu L, Yang J, Yang L, Gao F, Lu P, Fan M, Zhu Y, Liu J, Chen L, Gupta S, Yang X, Liu P. Novel T-cell epitopes on Schistosoma japonicum SjP40 protein and their preventive effect on allergic asthma in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1203-13. [PMID: 26840774 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by Th2 cell immune responses. Currently, immunotherapies based on immune deviation are attractive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for asthma. Many studies have shown that intracellular bacterial infections such as mycobacteria and their components can suppress asthmatic reactions by enhancing Th1 responses, while helminth infections and their proteins can inhibit allergic asthma via immune regulation. However, some helminth proteins such as SmP40, the major egg antigen of Schistosoma mansoni, are found as Th1 type antigens. Using a panel of overlapping peptides, we identified T-cell epitopes on SjP40 protein of Schistosoma japonicum, which can induce Th1 cytokine and inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines and airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. These results reveal a novel form of immune protective mechanism, which may play an important role in the modulating effect of helminth infection on allergic asthmatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyu Fan
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjuan Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shimpy Gupta
- International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peimei Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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