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Choi GY, Kim KJ, Park HS, Hwang ES, Cho JM, Kim HB, Kim DO, Park JH. Phenolic changes in a combined herbal extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Houttuynia cordata, and Spirodela polyrhiza and alleviation of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:129-144. [PMID: 38186620 PMCID: PMC10766889 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease showing skin barrier dysfunction, eczematous lesions, severe itching, and abnormal immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine whether an herb combination of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE), Houttuynia cordata (HC), and Spirodela polyrhiza (SP) has a superior anti-AD effect. Forty-two compounds were identified in LE, HC, SP, and a combined herb extract of LE, HC, and SP (LHS) using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS). The concentration of flavonoid glycosides including orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in the LHS was increased than in individual extracts. Furthermore, the treatment of LHS most effectively inhibited the increase of epidermal thickness, the number of mast cells, and the release of immunoglobulin E compared with that with each extract. These results suggest that the potential anti-AD effects of the LHS are due to the changes of bioactive compounds by the combination of herbs. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01329-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Joong Kim
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Incheon, 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Varshney M, Bahadur S. Comprehensive Review on Phytoconstituents-based Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:737-756. [PMID: 37888809 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010245092230922180341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is known as a chronic disease characterized by eczematous and pruritus skin lesions. The pathology behind atopic dermatitis etiology is loss of epidermal barrier, which prevents the production of protein filaggrin that can induce T-cell infiltration and inflammation. Treatment of AD is majorly based on limiting skin repair as well as reducing inflammation and itching. There are several remedies available for the treatment of AD, such as Janus kinase and calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. The conventional formulations in the market have limited safety and efficacy. Hence, effective treatment of atopic dermatitis requires the development of novel, efficacious, reliable, and specific therapies. Recent research data have revealed that some naturally occurring medicinal plants have potential applications in the management of AD through different mechanisms. The nanotechnology-based therapeutics have gained a lot of attention in the last decade for the improvement in the activity of drugs having low absorption due to poor solubility, thus leading to lesser bioavailability. Therapies based on nanotechnology can be an effective way to overcome these obstacles. Due to their effective propensity to provide better drug diffusion and bioavailability as well as drug targeting potential at the desired site of action, these approaches may have decreased adverse drug effects, better penetration, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Hence, this review highlights the potential of phytoconstituents-based novel formulations for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, recent patents on therapeutic approaches to atopic dermatitis have also been briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Varshney
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P. India
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P. India
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López-Enríquez S, Múnera-Rodríguez AM, Leiva-Castro C, Sobrino F, Palomares F. Modulation of the Immune Response to Allergies Using Alternative Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:467. [PMID: 38203638 PMCID: PMC10779275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the allergic immune response through alternative therapies is a field of study that aims to address allergic reactions differently from traditional approaches. These therapies encompass the utilization of natural functional foods, which have been observed to exert an influence on the immune response, thus mitigating the severity of allergies. Indeed, some studies suggest that the incorporation of these nutraceuticals can regulate immune function, leading to a reduction in histamine release and subsequent alleviation of allergic symptoms. Moreover, certain herbs and dietary supplements, such as curcumin, are believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may serve to moderate allergic responses. Although the results remain somewhat mixed and require further research, these alternative therapies exhibit the potential to impact the allergic immune response, thereby providing complementary options to conventional treatments. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an updated account of functional foods capable of modulating the immune response to allergies. In that sense, the review delves into functional foods sourced from plants (phytochemicals), animals, and marine algae. Emphasis is placed on their potential application in the treatment of allergic disorders. It also provides an overview of how these foods can be effectively utilized as functional foods. Additionally, it explores the molecular mechanisms and scientific validity of various bioactive natural compounds in the management of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad López-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenue Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Múnera-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenue Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Camila Leiva-Castro
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenue Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenue Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenue Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kunjumon R, Viswanathan G, Jayasree DV, Biju PG, Prakash P, Sasidharan BCP, Baby S. Anti-excitotoxicity and neuroprotective action of asiaticoside encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles in pilocarpine rodent seizure model. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asiaticoside (ASI), an ursane-type triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the memory enhancing herb Centella asiatica, is known for its neuroprotective activities. Here the anti-excitotoxicity and neuro protective effects of ASI encapsulated alginate chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) were evaluated in pilocarpine (PC) induced seizure in mice model. ACNPs were prepared by ionic gelation-polyelectrolyte complex method and their physicochemical characterization was carried out by TEM, SEM, DLS, XRD and FT-IR. Subsequently their encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release, cell viability, seizure score, DNA fragmentation and mRNA expression of regulatory stress markers were evaluated. Membrane permeability of ACNPs in brain, histopathology and biological TEM and SEM analyses were also carried out. TEM of ACNPs showed spherical morphology with a particle size of 200-400 nm. DLS of ACNPs displayed an average size of 486.2 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.567 and zeta potential of -14.1 mV. ACNPs achieved high EE (> 90%) and controlled release (10%). Biological evaluation studies revealed ACNPs as non-toxic to mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). They displayed enhanced brain permeability and attenuated seizure. Our results confirmed ACNPs as effective in crossing the brain membrane barrier and mitigating seizure severity induced by PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renju Kunjumon
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, 332862, Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- University of Kerala, 29263, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, 332862, Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Prabha Prakash
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, 29288, Department of Biotechnology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Baby Chakrapani Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, 29288, Department of Biotechnology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, 29288, Inter-University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices (IUCND), Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, 332862, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Pharmacological Effects of Centella asiatica on Skin Diseases: Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5462633. [PMID: 34845411 PMCID: PMC8627341 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5462633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban known as gotu kola has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In particular, a significant body of scientific research exists on the therapeutic properties of preparations of C. asiatica or its triterpenes in the treatment of skin diseases. The present study is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of C. asiatica on skin diseases. Peer-reviewed articles on the potent dermatological effects of C. asiatica were acquired from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. This review provides an understanding of pharmacological studies which confirm the potent dermatological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of C. asiatica. This medicinal plant and its triterpenes include asiaticoside, madecassoside, and their aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. These compounds exert therapeutic effects on dermatological diseases such as acne, burns, atopic dermatitis, and wounds via NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT signaling in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, additional rigorously controlled long-term clinical trials will be necessary to confirm the full potential of C. asiatica as a therapeutic agent.
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Wang L, Li D, Shen Y, Liu F, Zhou Y, Wu H, Liu Q, Deng B. Preparation of Centella asiatica loaded gelatin/chitosan/nonwoven fabric composite hydrogel wound dressing with antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:350-359. [PMID: 34592227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics abuse and the emergence of massive drug-resistant bacteria have become the major obstacles in the medical system. Thus, designing an antibiotic-free wound dressing with antibacterial activity and decent biocompatibility is urgently desired. Herein, the sandwich-like composite hydrogel wound dressings were developed by intercalating nonwoven fabrics (NF) as the middle layer, gelatin and chitosan (Gel-CS) hydrogel loaded with Centella asiatica (CA) as the base materials. In addition, soaking strategy was employed to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited uniform microporous structure, stable mechanical property, high water absorbency, as well as water vapor transmission rate. After loading with CA, the composite wound dressing showed the sustained drug release properties in vitro and excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that the composite hydrogels had good biocompatibility. This work indicates that the nonwoven composite hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of medical care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyao Deng
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
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A comprehensive review of natural products against atopic dermatitis: Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides and other compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111741. [PMID: 34087696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered a great challenge for human communities and imposes both physiological and mental burdens on patients. Natural products have widely been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, neurological disorders, and infections. To seek potential natural products against AD, in the current review, we searched the terms "atopic dermatitis" and "natural product" in Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science,Science Direct, Embase, EBSCO, CINAHL, ACS. The results show that many natural products, especially puerarin, ferulic acid and ginsenosides, cound protect against AD. Meanwhile, we discussed the therapeutic mechanisms and showed that the natural products exert their anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the quantity and activity of many inflammatory cell types and cytokines, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, interleukins (ILs, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4), TNF-α, and TSLP, IgE. via inhibition of JAK/STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby, halting the inflammatory cascade. Future investigations should focus on studies with more reflective of the clinical characteristics and demographics, so as to develop natural products that will be hopefully available for the treatment of human AD disease.
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