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García-Sánchez AM, Miller AZ, Caldeira AT, Cutillas C. Bacterial communities from Trichuris spp. A contribution to deciphering the role of parasitic nematodes as vector of pathogens. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106277. [PMID: 34919951 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome taxa associated with parasitic nematodes is unknown. These invertebrate parasites could act not only as reservoirs and vectors for horizontally transferred virulence factors, but could also provide a potential pool of future emerging pathogens. Trichuris trichiura and Trichuris suis are geohelminths parasitizing the caecum of primates, including humans, and pigs, respectively. The present work is a preliminary study to evaluate the bacterial communities associated with T. trichiura and T. suis, using High Throughput Sequencing and checking the possible presence of pathogens in these nematodes, to determine whether parasitic helminths act as vectors for bacterial pathogens in human and animal hosts. Five T. trichiura adult specimens were obtained from the caecum of macaque (Macaca sylvanus) and two T. suis adults were collected from the caecum of swine (Sus scrofa domestica). The 16S rRNA gene HTS approach was employed to investigate the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in Trichuris spp., with special emphasis at its intestinal level. All samples showed a rich colonization by bacteria, included, preferently, in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. A total of 36 phyla and more than 200 families were identified in the samples. Potential pathogen bacteria were detected in these helminths related to the genera Bartonella, Mycobacterium, Rickettsia, Salmonella, Escherichia/Shigella, Aeromonas and Clostridium. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in Trichuris spp. would position these species as a new threat to humans since these nematodes could spread new diseases. This study will also contribute to the understanding of the host-microbiota relation.
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Han R, Wang Y, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Niu Q. Stenotrophomonas strain CPCC 101271, an intestinal lifespan-prolonging bacterium for Caenorhabditis elegans that assists in host resistance to "Bacillus nematocida" colonization. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4951-4960. [PMID: 34258643 PMCID: PMC8502144 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The soil-dwelling, opportunistic pathogenic bacterium "Bacillus nematocida" B16 exhibits strong killing activities against a variety of pathogenic nematodes via a “Trojan horse” mechanism that can kill worm species like Caenorhabditis elegans. The bacterial strain CPCC 101271 was previously isolated from the intestines of C. elegans that were recovered from natural habitats and can serve as a probiotic for C. elegans, while also assisting in resistance to infection by the pathogenic strain B16. In this study, the lifespan of C. elegans fed with strain CPCC 101271 cells was extended by approximately 40% compared with that of worms fed with Escherichia coli OP50 cells. In addition, the colonization of C. elegans by the pathogenic bacterium "B. nematocida" B16 was inhibited when pre-fed with strain CPCC 101271. Metagenomic sequence analysis of intestinal microbiota of C. elegans fed with strain CPCC 101271 and infected with B16 revealed that pre-feeding worms with CPCC 101271 improved the diversity of the intestinal bacteria. Moreover, community structure significantly varied in coordination with Stenotrophomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. abundances when competition between strains CPCC 101271 and B16 was evaluated. In conclusion, the nematode microbiota strain CPCC 101271 assisted in its host resistance to colonization by the pathogen "Bacillus nematocida" and can also promote life span-prolongation in C. elegans. These results underscore that understanding the interactions between C. elegans microbiota and pathogens can provide new insights into achieving effective biological control of agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, China.
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, China.
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Zhang L, Wei Y, Tao Y, Zhao S, Wei X, Yin X, Liu S, Niu Q. Molecular mechanism of the smart attack of pathogenic bacteria on nematodes. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:683-705. [PMID: 31730281 PMCID: PMC7111092 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode-bacterial associations are far-reaching subjects in view of their impact on ecosystems, economies, agriculture and human health. There is still no conclusion regarding which pathogenic bacteria sense nematodes. Here, we found that the pathogenic bacterium Bacillus nematocida B16 was sensitive to C. elegans and could launch smart attacks to kill the nematodes. Further analysis revealed that the spores of B. nematocida B16 are essential virulence factors. Once gaseous molecules (morpholine) produced from C. elegans were sensed, the sporulation of B16 was greatly accelerated. Then, B16 showed maximum attraction to C. elegans during the spore-forming process but had no attraction until all the spores were formed. The disruption of either the spore formation gene spo0A or the germination gene gerD impaired colonization and attenuated infection in B16. In contrast, complementation with the intact genes restored most of the above-mentioned deficient phenotypes, which indicated that the spo0A gene was a key factor in the smart attack of B16 on C. elegans. Further, transcriptome, molecular simulations and quantitative PCR analysis showed that morpholine from C. elegans could promote sporulation and initiate infection by increasing the transcription of the spo0A gene by decreasing the transcription of the rapA and spo0E genes. The overexpression of rapA or spo0E decreased the induced sporulation effect, and morpholine directly reduced the level of phosphorylation of purified recombinant RapA and Spo0E compared to that of Spo0A. Collectively, these findings further support a 'Trojan horse-like' infection model. The significance of our paper is that we showed that the soil-dwelling bacterium B. nematocida B16 has the ability to actively detect, attract and attack their host C. elegans. These studies are the first report on the behaviours, signalling molecules and mechanism of the smart attack of B16 on nematodes and also reveal new insights into microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475001China
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Suya Zhao
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Xuyang Wei
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Suyao Liu
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyNanyang Normal UniversityNanyang473000China
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Horváthová T, Babik W, Kozłowski J, Bauchinger U. Vanishing benefits - The loss of actinobacterial symbionts at elevated temperatures. J Therm Biol 2019; 82:222-228. [PMID: 31128651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Only a few insect species are known to engage in symbiotic associations with antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria and profit from this kind of protection against pathogens. However, it still remains elusive how widespread the symbiotic interactions with Actinobacteria in other organisms are and how these partnerships benefit the hosts in terms of the growth and survival. We characterized a drastic temperature-induced change in the occurrence of Actinobacteria in the gut of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber reared under two different temperature (15 °C and 22 °C) and oxygen conditions (10% and 22% O2) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We show that the relative abundance of actinobacterial gut symbionts correlates with increased host growth at lower temperature. Actinobacterial symbionts were almost completely absent at 22 °C under both high and low oxygen conditions. In addition, we identified members of nearly half of the known actinobacterial families in the isopod microbiome, and most of these include members that are known to produce antibiotics. Our study suggests that hosting diverse actinobacterial symbionts may provide conditions favorable for host growth. These findings show how a temperature-driven decline in microbiome diversity may cause a loss of beneficial functions with negative effects on ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Horváthová
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Kozłowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Kim JS, Lee S, Lee SH, Choi S, Min JK, Choi I, Ryu CM. Pseudomonas syringae evades phagocytosis by animal cells via type III effector-mediated regulation of actin filament plasticity. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3980-3991. [PMID: 30251365 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Certain animal and plant pathogenic bacteria have developed virulence factors including effector proteins that enable them to overcome host immunity. A plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) secretes a large repertoire of effectors via a type III secretory apparatus, thereby suppressing plant immunity. Here, we show that Pto causes sepsis in mice. Surprisingly, the effector HopQ1 disrupted animal phagocytosis by inhibiting actin rearrangement via direct interaction with the LIM domain of the animal target protein LIM kinase, a key regulator of actin polymerization. The results provide novel insight into animal host-plant pathogen interactions. In addition, the current study firstly demonstrates that certain plant pathogenic bacteria such as Pto evade phagocytosis by animal cells due to cross-kingdom suppression of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Yoon
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Song Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Khan F, Jain S, Oloketuyi SF. Bacteria and bacterial products: Foe and friends to Caenorhabditis elegans. Microbiol Res 2018; 215:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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GERBABA TEKLUK, GREEN-HARRISON LUKE, BURET ANDREG. Modeling Host-Microbiome Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Nematol 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Gerbaba TK, Green-Harrison L, Buret AG. Modeling Host-Microbiome Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Nematol 2017; 49:348-356. [PMID: 29353922 PMCID: PMC5770281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome influences host processes including nutritional availability, development, immunity, and behavioral responses. Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model to study molecular mechanisms of host-microbial interactions. Recent efforts have been made to profile the natural microbiome of C. elegans, laying a foundation for mechanistic studies of host-microbiome interactions in this genetically tractable model system. Studies using single-species microbes, multi-microbial systems, and humanized worm-microbiome interaction studies reveal metabolic and microbial-microbial interactions relevant in higher organisms. This article discusses recent developments in modeling the effects of host-microbiome interactions in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklu K Gerbaba
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Green-Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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