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Samuels S, Alwan Z, Egnin M, Jaynes J, Connell TD, Bernard GC, Nashar T. Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inhibition of HIV-1 Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Bacterial Toxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [PMID: 29226013 PMCID: PMC5719890 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in our understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis, critical virus components for immunity, vaccines trials, and drugs development, challenges remain in the fight against HIV-1. Of great importance is the inhibitory function of microbicidal cell penetrating peptides and bacterial toxins that interfere with production and neutralize infection of HIV-1 particles. We demonstrate that the neutralizing activity of a cationic 18 amino acids peptide, is similar to a broadly neutralizing human antibody, and inhibits production of two HIV-1 strains in human cell lines. Pretreatment of cells with bacterial toxins or toxoids derived from enterotoxigenic E. coli, boost subsequent activity of the peptide against HIV-1, to inhibit simultaneously production and infection. The synthetic peptide crosses the cell membrane into the cytoplasm and nucleus. In vitro analysis of a possible target for this peptide revealed specific binding to recombinant HIV-1 gag p24. This is the first demonstration of a synergy between bacterial toxins and a cell-penetrating peptide against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Samuels
- Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA.,Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College at Georgia State University, 555 North Indian Creek Drive, Clarkston, USA
| | - Zainab Alwan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA.,Department of Community Health, Institute of Medical Technology, Middle Technical University Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marceline Egnin
- Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessie Jaynes
- Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA
| | - Terry D Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gregory C Bernard
- Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA
| | - Toufic Nashar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA
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