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Roubenne L, Laisné M, Benoist D, Campagnac M, Prunet B, Pasdois P, Cardouat G, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Baudrimont I, Marthan R, Berger P, Le Grand B, Freund-Michel V, Guibert C. OP2113, a new drug for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension treatment in rat. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2802-2821. [PMID: 37351910 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease characterised by an increase in pulmonary arterial (PA) resistance leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in PH. OP2113 is a drug with beneficial effects on cardiac injuries that targets mitochondrial ROS. The aim of the study was to address the in vivo therapeutic effect of OP2113 in PH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PH was induced by 3 weeks of chronic hypoxia (CH-PH) in rats treated with OP2113 or its vehicle via subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps. Haemodynamic parameters and both PA and heart remodelling were assessed. Reactivity was quantified in PA rings and in RV or left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocytes. Oxidative stress was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance and western blotting. Mitochondrial mass and respiration were measured by western blotting and oxygraphy, respectively. KEY RESULTS In CH-PH rats, OP2113 reduced the mean PA pressure, PA remodelling, PA hyperreactivity in response to 5-HT, the contraction slowdown in RV and LV and increased the mitochondrial mass in RV. Interestingly, OP2113 had no effect on haemodynamic parameters, both PA and RV wall thickness and PA reactivity, in control rats. Whereas oxidative stress was evidenced by an increase in protein carbonylation in CH-PH, this was not affected by OP2113. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides evidence for a selective protective effect of OP2113 in vivo on alterations in both PA and RV from CH-PH rats without side effects in control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roubenne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- OP2 Drugs SAS, Pessac, France
| | - Margaux Laisné
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Benoist
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Pasdois
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thomas Ducret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Roger Marthan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, INSERM, U 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, INSERM, U 1045, Bordeaux, France
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Liao FH, Yao CN, Chen SP, Wu TH, Lin SY. Transdermal Delivery of Succinate Accelerates Energy Dissipation of Brown Adipocytes to Reduce Remote Fat Accumulation. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4299-4310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsuean Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nien Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Te-Haw Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Jaber SM, Yadava N, Polster BM. Mapping mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies by respirometry: Beyond the Mito Stress Test. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113282. [PMID: 32165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based respirometers, such as the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, are valuable tools to assess the functionality of mitochondria within adherent neurons, as well as other cell types. The Mito Stress Test is the most frequently employed protocol of drug additions to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Sequential exposure of cells to an ATP synthase inhibitor such as oligomycin and an uncoupler such as FCCP cause changes in oxygen consumption rate that allow estimation of the cellular efficiency and capacity for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. While a useful first step in assessing whether an experimental treatment or genetic manipulation affects mitochondrial energetics, the Mito Stress Test does not identify specific sites of altered respiratory chain function. This article discusses limitations of the Mito Stress Test, proposes a refined protocol for comparing cell populations that requires independent drug titrations at multiple cell densities, and describes a stepwise series of respirometry-based assays that "map" locations of electron transport deficiency. These include strategies to test for cytochrome c release, to probe the functionality of specific electron transport chain complexes within intact or permeabilized cells, and to measure NADH oxidation by the linked activity of Complexes I, III, and IV. To illustrate utility, we show that although UK5099 and ABT-737 each decrease the spare respiratory capacity of cortical neurons, the stepwise assays reveal different underlying mechanisms consistent with their established drug targets: deficient Complex I substrate supply induced by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor UK5099 and cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein inhibitor ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan M Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Sirey TM, Roberts K, Haerty W, Bedoya-Reina O, Rogatti-Granados S, Tan JY, Li N, Heather LC, Carter RN, Cooper S, Finch AJ, Wills J, Morton NM, Marques AC, Ponting CP. The long non-coding RNA Cerox1 is a post transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial complex I catalytic activity. eLife 2019; 8:e45051. [PMID: 31045494 PMCID: PMC6542586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate energy efficiently, the cell is uniquely challenged to co-ordinate the abundance of electron transport chain protein subunits expressed from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. How an effective stoichiometry of this many constituent subunits is co-ordinated post-transcriptionally remains poorly understood. Here we show that Cerox1, an unusually abundant cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), modulates the levels of mitochondrial complex I subunit transcripts in a manner that requires binding to microRNA-488-3p. Increased abundance of Cerox1 cooperatively elevates complex I subunit protein abundance and enzymatic activity, decreases reactive oxygen species production, and protects against the complex I inhibitor rotenone. Cerox1 function is conserved across placental mammals: human and mouse orthologues effectively modulate complex I enzymatic activity in mouse and human cells, respectively. Cerox1 is the first lncRNA demonstrated, to our knowledge, to regulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and, with miR-488-3p, represent novel targets for the modulation of complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Sirey
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenny Roberts
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Oscar Bedoya-Reina
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Rogatti-Granados
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Y Tan
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nick Li
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Roderick N Carter
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cooper
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Finch
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Jimi Wills
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh, Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Functional Genomics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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High glycolytic activity of tumor cells leads to underestimation of electron transport system capacity when mitochondrial ATP synthase is inhibited. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17383. [PMID: 30478338 PMCID: PMC6255871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to elucidate how oligomycin, an ATP synthase blocker, leads to underestimation of maximal oxygen consumption rate (maxOCR) and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) in tumor cells. T98G and U-87MG glioma cells were titrated with the protonophore CCCP to induce maxOCR. The presence of oligomycin (0.3-3.0 µg/mL) led to underestimation of maxOCR and a consequent decrease in SRC values of between 25% and 40% in medium containing 5.5 or 11 mM glucose. The inhibitory effect of oligomycin on CCCP-induced maxOCR did not occur when glutamine was the metabolic substrate or when the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose was present. ATP levels were reduced and ADP/ATP ratios increased in cells treated with CCCP, but these changes were minimized when oligomycin was used to inhibit reverse activity of ATP synthase. Exposing digitonin-permeabilized cells to exogenous ATP, but not ADP, resulted in partial inhibition of CCCP-induced maxOCR. We conclude that underestimation of maxOCR and SRC in tumor cells when ATP synthase is inhibited is associated with high glycolytic activity and that the glycolytic ATP yield may have an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of respiratory substrates and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Under CCCP-induced maxOCR, oligomycin preserves intracellular ATP by inhibiting ATP synthase reverse activity.
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Schneider SS, Henchey EM, Sultana N, Morin SM, Jerry DJ, Makari-Judson G, Crisi GM, Arenas RB, Johnson M, Mason HS, Yadava N. Individual-specific variation in the respiratory activities of HMECs and their bioenergetic response to IGF1 and TNFα. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2750-2765. [PMID: 28369883 PMCID: PMC5518214 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprograming is a hallmark of cancer cells. However, the roles of pre‐existing differences in normal cells metabolism toward cancer risk is not known. In order to assess pre‐existing variations in normal cell metabolism, we have quantified the inter‐individual variation in oxidative metabolism of normal primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). We then assessed their response to selected cytokines such as insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which are associated with breast cancer risk. Specifically, we compared the oxidative metabolism of HMECs obtained from women with breast cancer and without cancer. Our data show considerable inter‐individual variation in respiratory activities of HMECs from different women. A bioenergetic parameter called pyruvate‐stimulated respiration (PySR) was identified as a key distinguishing feature of HMECs from women with breast cancer and without cancer. Samples showing PySR over 20% of basal respiration rate were considered PySR+ve and the rest as PySR−ve. By this criterion, HMECs from tumor‐affected breasts (AB) and non‐tumor affected breasts (NAB) of cancer patients were mostly PySR−ve (88% and 89%, respectively), while HMECs from non‐cancer patients were mostly PySR+ve (57%). This suggests that PySR−ve/+ve phenotypes are individual‐specific and are not caused by field effects due to the presence of tumor. The effects of IGF1 and TNFα treatments on HMECs revealed that both suppressed respiration and extracellular acidification. In addition, IGF1 altered PySR−ve/+ve phenotypes. These results reveal individual‐specific differences in pyruvate metabolism of normal breast epithelial cells and its association with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute (PVLSI), Springfield, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nazneen Sultana
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute (PVLSI), Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie M Morin
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute (PVLSI), Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute (PVLSI), Springfield, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine at Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- Division of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology at University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS)-Baystate Regional Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Richard B Arenas
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery at University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS)-Baystate Regional Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | | | - Holly S Mason
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery at University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS)-Baystate Regional Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute (PVLSI), Springfield, Massachusetts.,Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine at Baystate Medical Center /Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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7
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Gerencser AA, Mookerjee SA, Jastroch M, Brand MD. Positive Feedback Amplifies the Response of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential to Glucose Concentration in Clonal Pancreatic Beta Cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1054-1065. [PMID: 27771512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the cellular mechanisms of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, is complicated by the large number of reactions and interactions in metabolic networks. Metabolic control analysis with appropriate modularization is a powerful method for simplifying and analyzing these networks. To analyze control of cellular energy metabolism in adherent cell cultures of the INS-1 832/13 pancreatic β-cell model we adapted our microscopy assay of absolute mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) to a fluorescence microplate reader format, and applied it in conjunction with cell respirometry. In these cells the sensitive response of ΔψM to extracellular glucose concentration drives glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using metabolic control analysis we identified the control properties that generate this sensitive response. Force-flux relationships between ΔψM and respiration were used to calculate kinetic responses to ΔψM of processes both upstream (glucose oxidation) and downstream (proton leak and ATP turnover) of ΔψM. The analysis revealed that glucose-evoked ΔψM hyperpolarization is amplified by increased glucose oxidation activity caused by factors downstream of ΔψM. At high glucose, the hyperpolarized ΔψM is stabilized almost completely by the action of glucose oxidation, whereas proton leak also contributes to the homeostatic control of ΔψM at low glucose. These findings suggest a strong positive feedback loop in the regulation of β-cell energetics, and a possible regulatory role of proton leak in the fasting state. Analysis of islet bioenergetics from published cases of type 2 diabetes suggests that disruption of this feedback can explain the damaged bioenergetic response of β-cells to glucose. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos A Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Image Analyst Software, 43 Nova Lane, Novato, CA 94945, United States.
| | - Shona A Mookerjee
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Touro University California College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, United States
| | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, United States
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Preclinical evaluation of VAX-IP, a novel bacterial minicell-based biopharmaceutical for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16004. [PMID: 27119118 PMCID: PMC4824562 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapies that can prevent recurrence and progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer remains an unmet clinical need. The continued cost of monitoring and treatment of recurrent disease, along with its high prevalence and incidence rate, is a strain on healthcare economics worldwide. The current work describes the characterization and pharmacological evaluation of VAX-IP as a novel bacterial minicell-based biopharmaceutical agent undergoing development for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and other oncology indications. VAX-IP minicells selectively target two oncology-associated integrin heterodimer subtypes to deliver a unique bacterial cytolysin protein toxin, perfringolysin O, specifically to cancer cells, rapidly killing integrin-expressing murine and human urothelial cell carcinoma cells with a unique tumorlytic mechanism. The in vivo pharmacological evaluation of VAX-IP minicells as a single agent administered intravesically in two clinically relevant variations of a syngeneic orthotopic model of superficial bladder cancer results in a significant survival advantage with 28.6% (P = 0.001) and 16.7% (P = 0.003) of animals surviving after early or late treatment initiation, respectively. The results of these preclinical studies warrant further nonclinical and eventual clinical investigation in underserved nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patient populations where complete cures are achievable.
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Sen S, Domingues CC, Rouphael C, Chou C, Kim C, Yadava N. Genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells helps to reduce adiposity and improve glucose tolerance in an obese diabetic mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:242. [PMID: 26652025 PMCID: PMC4674936 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into fat, muscle, bone and cartilage cells. Exposure of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue derived AD-MSCs to high glucose (HG) leads to superoxide accumulation and up-regulation of inflammatory molecules. Our aim was to inquire how HG exposure affects MSCs differentiation and whether the mechanism is reversible. Methods We exposed human adipose tissue derived MSCs to HG (25 mM) and compared it to normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) exposed cells at 7, 10 and 14 days. We examined mitochondrial superoxide accumulation (Mitosox-Red), cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR, Seahorse) and gene expression. Results HG increased reactive superoxide (ROS) accumulation noted by day 7 both in cytosol and mitochondria. The OCR between the NG and HG exposed groups however did not change until 10 days at which point OCR of HG exposed cells were reduced significantly. We noted that HG exposure upregulated mRNA expression of adipogenic (PPARG, FABP-4, CREBP alpha and beta), inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF alpha) and antioxidant (SOD2 and Catalase) genes. Next, we used AdSOD2 to upregulate SOD2 prior to HG exposure and thereby noted reduction in superoxide generation. SOD2 upregulation helped reduce mRNA over-expression of PPARG, FABP-4, IL-6 and TNFα. In a series of separate experiments, we delivered the eGFP and SOD2 upregulated MSCs (5 days post ex-vivo transduction) and saline intra-peritoneally (IP) to obese diabetic (db/db) mice. We confirmed homing-in of eGFP labeled MSCs, delivered IP, to different inflamed fat pockets, particularly omental fat. Mice receiving SOD2-MSCs showed progressive reduction in body weight and improved glucose tolerance (GTT) at 4 weeks, post MSCs transplantation compared to the GFP-MSC group (control). Conclusions High glucose evokes superoxide generation, OCR reduction and adipogenic differentiation. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase upregulation quenches excess superoxide and reduces adipocyte inflammation. Delivery of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) using MSCs as a gene delivery vehicle reduces inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in vivo. Suppression of superoxide production and adipocyte inflammation using mitochondrial superoxide dismutase may be a novel and safe therapeutic tool to combat hyperglycemia mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, Ross Hall Suite: 450, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Cleyton C Domingues
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, Ross Hall Suite: 450, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Carol Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, Ross Hall Suite: 450, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Cyril Chou
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism at Baystate Medical Center of Tufts University School of Springfield, Springfield, MA, USA.
| | - Chul Kim
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism at Baystate Medical Center of Tufts University School of Springfield, Springfield, MA, USA.
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism at Baystate Medical Center of Tufts University School of Springfield, Springfield, MA, USA.
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Hals IK, Bruerberg SG, Ma Z, Scholz H, Björklund A, Grill V. Mitochondrial Respiration in Insulin-Producing β-Cells: General Characteristics and Adaptive Effects of Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138558. [PMID: 26401848 PMCID: PMC4581632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide novel insights on mitochondrial respiration in β-cells and the adaptive effects of hypoxia. Methods and Design Insulin-producing INS-1 832/13 cells were exposed to 18 hours of hypoxia followed by 20–22 hours re-oxygenation. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry in both intact and permeabilized cells, in the latter after establishing three functional substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols. Concomitant measurements included proteins of mitochondrial complexes (Western blotting), ATP and insulin secretion. Results Intact cells exhibited a high degree of intrinsic uncoupling, comprising about 50% of oxygen consumption in the basal respiratory state. Hypoxia followed by re-oxygenation increased maximal overall respiration. Exploratory experiments in peremabilized cells could not show induction of respiration by malate or pyruvate as reducing substrates, thus glutamate and succinate were used as mitochondrial substrates in SUIT protocols. Permeabilized cells displayed a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation for both complex I- and II-linked substrates in relation to maximum capacity of electron transfer. Previous hypoxia decreased phosphorylation control of complex I-linked respiration, but not in complex II-linked respiration. Coupling control ratios showed increased coupling efficiency for both complex I- and II-linked substrates in hypoxia-exposed cells. Respiratory rates overall were increased. Also previous hypoxia increased proteins of mitochondrial complexes I and II (Western blotting) in INS-1 cells as well as in rat and human islets. Mitochondrial effects were accompanied by unchanged levels of ATP, increased basal and preserved glucose-induced insulin secretion. Conclusions Exposure of INS-1 832/13 cells to hypoxia, followed by a re-oxygenation period increases substrate-stimulated respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency. Such effects are accompanied by up-regulation of mitochondrial complexes also in pancreatic islets, highlighting adaptive capacities of possible importance in an islet transplantation setting. Results also indicate idiosyncrasies of β-cells that do not respire in response to a standard inclusion of malate in SUIT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K. Hals
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Gustafson Bruerberg
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zuheng Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneli Björklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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