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Zhang GX, Carrillo-Vico A, Zhang WT, Gao SS, Izquierdo Ayuso G. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in China and other Asian countries. Neurologia 2023; 38:159-172. [PMID: 37059571 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian countries is thought to be lower than in Western countries, with Asian populations presenting 80% less risk of MS than white populations. Incidence and prevalence rates in Asian countries are therefore not well defined and their association with rates in neighboring countries, as well as with ethnic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, are not well understood. We performed a comprehensive literature review of epidemiological data from China and neighbouring countries to study the frequency of the disease, focusing on prevalence, and the progression over time and the influence of sex-related, environmental, dietary, and sociocultural factors. Prevalence rates in China range between 0.88 cases/100,000 population in 1986 and 5.2 cases/100,000 population in 2013, with a non-significant upwards trend (p = .08). The increase observed in Japan, where figures ranged between 8.1 and 18.6 cases/100,000 population was highly significant (p < .001). Prevalence rates in countries with predominantly white populations are considerably higher and have increased over time, reaching 115 cases/100,000 population in 2015 (r2 = 0.79, p < .0001). In conclusion, the prevalence of MS in China appears to have risen in recent years, although Asian populations (including Chinese and Japanese populations, among others) appear to present less risk than other populations. Within Asia, geographical latitude appears not to be a determining factor for developing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Zhang
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Vithas-Nisa, Sevilla, España; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC) y Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC) y Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - W T Zhang
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - S S Gao
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - G Izquierdo Ayuso
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Vithas-Nisa, Sevilla, España.
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Razia R, Majeed F, Amin R, Mukhtar S, Mehmood K, Baig DN. The analysis of dynamic gene expression patterns in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients indicates possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:147-156. [PMID: 35594733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among numerous invasive procedures for the research of biomarkers, blood-based indicators are regarded as marginally non-invasive procedures in the diagnosis and prognosis of demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we looked into the blood-derived gene expression profiles of patients with multiple sclerosis to investigate their clinical traits and linked them with dysregulated gene expressions to establish diagnostic and prognostic indicators. METHODS We included 51 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, n = 31), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 12), primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 8) and a control group (n = 51). Using correlational analysis, the transcriptional patterns of chosen gene panels were examined and subsequently related with disease duration and the expanded disease disability score (EDSS). In addition, principal component analysis, univariate regression, and logistic regression analysis were employed to highlight distinct profiles of genes and prognosticate the excellent biomarkers of this illness. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that neurofilament light (NEFL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Tau, and clusterin (CLU) were revealed to be increased in recruited patients, whereas the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) and cell-surface glycoprotein-44 (CD44) were downregulated. Principal Component Analysis revealed distinct patterns between the MS and control groups. Correlation analysis indicated co-dependent dysregulated genes and their differential expression with clinical findings. Furthermore, logistic regression demonstrated that Clusterin (AUC=0.940), NEFL (AUC=0.775), TNF-α (AUC=0.817), Tau (AUC=0.749), PSEN1 (AUC=0.6913), and CD44 (AUC=0.832) had diagnostic relevance. Following the univariate linear regression, a significant regression equation was found between EDSS and IGF-1 (R2 adj = 0.10844; p= 0.0060), APP (R2 adj = 0.1107; p= 0.0098), and PSEN1 (R2 adj = 0.1266; p=0.0102). CONCLUSION This study exhibits dynamic gene expression patterns that represent the significance of specified genes that are prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabat Razia
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | | | - Rehab Amin
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Mukhtar
- Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab
| | - Deeba Noreen Baig
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Guojun T, Yan X, Weizhi W, Lihua W, Chunyang L, Xinghu Z, Hongyu Z, Huiqing D, Meini Z, Tao J, Huan Y, Liying C, Li G. A multicenter study to evaluate the disease burden and health economics of inpatients with multiple sclerosis in China. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103732. [PMID: 35325723 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the disease burden and health economics of inpatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in China by evaluating the direct, indirect, and intangible costs. METHODS A total of 863 patients were included for a cross-sectional retrospective study in 50 centers. The direct economic burden was measured by the cost of hospitalization and out-of-hospital application drugs, and the indirect economic burden was measured by the human capital method. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was used to express the intangible economic burden. Cost-utility analysis (CUA) using DALYs as indicators of health benefits was performed by calculating the incremental cost-utility ratio. RESULTS The mean direct economic burden/year, daily medication expenses/year, DALY, indirect economic burden, and indirect economic burden/year were 27,655.57 Yuan, 17,944.97 Yuan, 10.89 Yuan, 512,041.7 Yuan, and 11,299.85 Yuan, respectively. For the study period of two years, the direct economic burden, daily medication expense, and indirect economic burden were 48.6%, 31.5%, and 19.85% of the total economic burden, respectively. Disease burden and the number of episodes of remission were not statistically significant (p>0.001). The direct economic burden and total economic burden of the disease-modifying therapy (DMT) group were higher than those of the non-DMT group, but DALYs had no statistical significance (p>0.001). CUA showed that inpatients with MS in the DMT group received a DALY every time compared with the non-DMT group. CONCLUSION The DALY losses are concentrated in young and middle-aged Chinese people. In this two-year study, CUA prompted the application of DMT drugs to increase the economic burden and DALYs. However, follow-up time is still short, and further follow-up observation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Guojun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Weizhi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Lihua
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Chunyang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhang Xinghu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Hongyu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Huiqing
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Meini
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Tao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Huan
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Liying
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Huertas-Quintero JA, Losada-Trujillo N, Cuellar-Ortiz DA, Velasco-Parra HM. Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Colombia: A Prevalence-Estimation Model in Rare Diseases. 2018. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 7:100131. [PMID: 36777652 PMCID: PMC9904046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypophosphatemic rickets is a rare, genetic syndrome with multisystem involvement. It causes skeletal abnormalities, painful enthesopathies, increased risk of fracture, and short stature; leading to a substantial burden of disease, disability, and worsening of quality of life. To improve health conditions of people living with this disease, it is essential to know its prevalence which is currently unknown in Colombia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypophosphatemic rickets in Colombia by using a mathematical model and national statistic records. Methods We executed a model to estimate probabilities of transitions between health, disease, and death states (Markov chains). The model was fed with international prevalences taken from original studies (systematic review) and administrative records' data from SISPRO (a national health information system) using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) E833 code, vital statistics, and census data. World Health Organization's (WHO) DISMOD II software was used to develop the model. Findings The estimated overall prevalence of hypophosphatemic rickets in Colombia in 2018 was 2·03 cases per 100 000 people (981 affected people), with a sensitive range of 1·97 to 2·09. The estimated prevalence by sex was 2·61 (645 people) and 1·43 (336 people) cases per 100 000 women and men, respectively. Interpretation Our overall estimated prevalence shows consistency with original international data. This is the first prevalence estimation of hypophosphatemic rickets in Colombia and will be relevant to support public health decisions for rare diseases and to provide a pre-test probability framework in clinical practice. DISMOD II and the model are useful tools to estimate the prevalence of rare and orphan diseases, when probabilistic studies cannot be carried out. There are limited bibliographic resources worldwide reporting prevalence values supported by original studies. Our study can be used as a cost-effective methodology reference in this regard, especially for Latin America. Funding Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, as a donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancy Andrea Huertas-Quintero
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,Corresponding author: Dr. J. Andrea Huertas-Quintero, Calle 44 # 59-75, 111321, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia; Ph.: 57300 6167866
| | - Natalia Losada-Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Harvy Mauricio Velasco-Parra
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,SURA Ayudas Diagnósticas
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Fattahi N, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Mohebi F, Rezaei N, Masinaei M, Fateh SM, Soleymani Hassanlouei E, Manoochehri F, Fattahi E, Sahraian MA, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Farzadfar F. Burden of multiple sclerosis in Iran from 1990 to 2017. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:400. [PMID: 34654397 PMCID: PMC8518301 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a burdensome, chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. We aimed to report the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of MS in Iran at a national level for different age and sex groups over a period of 28 years (1990–2017). Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) from 1990 to 2017, published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The incidence of DALYs and prevalence of MS were estimated to report the burden of MS based on sex and age in Iran from 1990 to 2017. Results At the national level, the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR), Age-Standardized DALYs Rate (ASDR) and the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) in Iran in 2017 were 2.4 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 2.1 to 2.7), 69.5 (62.1 to 77.8), 29.1 (23.6 to 34.7), and 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) per 100,000 population, respectively. During the period of 1990 to 2017, all measures increased, and were higher among females. The incidence rate began upward trend at the age of 20 and attained its highest level at the age of 25. Conclusion In Iran, all of the age-standardized MS rates have been increasing during the 28 years from 1990 to 2017. Our findings can help policy makers and health planners to design and communicate their plans and to have a better resource allocation, depending on the incidence and prevalence of the growing numbers of MS patients in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnam Mohebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Manoochehri
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Eghbal Fattahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Epidemiology, treatment patterns and healthcare utilizations in multiple sclerosis in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7727. [PMID: 33833257 PMCID: PMC8032718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
“Real-world” data on the nationwide epidemiology and treatment patterns of multiple sclerosis (MS) is very scarce in Asia. This study is aim to evaluate the 10-years trends in epidemiology and treatment patterns of MS with Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD). Patients aged 20 years or older and were newly diagnosed with MS between 2007 and 2016 were identified. The crude incidences of MS were presented annually and stratified by sex and age. Baseline characteristics and treatment patterns, particularly disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), were also analyzed. This study included 555 MS patients (mean age was 36.9 and 74.4% were female). The crude incidence rate of MS decreased slightly from 0.43 per 100,000 persons in 2007 to 0.24 per 100,000 persons in 2015. The female to male ratios remained mainly between 2 to 3. Approximately 80% of MS patients received initial DMDs, with interferon β-1a as the dominant one. Furthermore, 37.5% of MS patients received subsequent DMDs, with fingolimod being the most frequently used. The median times from diagnosis to initial and to subsequent DMDs were 77 and 1239 days, respectively. This nationwide study provides up-to-date and sophisticated estimates of MS epidemiology and treatment pattern in “real-world” setting in Taiwan.
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Chen X, Hou H, Qiao H, Fan H, Zhao T, Dong M. Identification of blood-derived candidate gene markers and a new 7-gene diagnostic model for multiple sclerosis. Biol Res 2021; 54:12. [PMID: 33795012 PMCID: PMC8015180 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with a high disability rate. Modern molecular biology techniques have identified a number of key genes and diagnostic markers to MS, but the etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unknown. Results In this study, the integration of three peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microarray datasets and one peripheral blood T cells microarray dataset allowed comprehensive network and pathway analyses of the biological functions of MS-related genes. Differential expression analysis identified 78 significantly aberrantly expressed genes in MS, and further functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were associated with innate immune response-activating signal transduction (p = 0.0017), neutrophil mediated immunity (p = 0.002), positive regulation of innate immune response (p = 0.004), IL-17 signaling pathway (p < 0.035) and other immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, a network of MS-specific protein–protein interactions (PPI) was constructed based on differential genes. Subsequent analysis of network topology properties identified the up-regulated CXCR4, ITGAM, ACTB, RHOA, RPS27A, UBA52, and RPL8 genes as the hub genes of the network, and they were also potential biomarkers of MS through Rap1 signaling pathway or leukocyte transendothelial migration. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that CXCR4 was obviously up-regulated, while ACTB, RHOA, and ITGAM were down-regulated in MS patient PBMC in comparison with normal samples. Finally, support vector machine was employed to establish a diagnostic model of MS with a high prediction performance in internal and external datasets (mean AUC = 0.97) and in different chip platform datasets (AUC = (0.93). Conclusion This study provides new understanding for the etiology/pathogenesis of MS, facilitating an early identification and prediction of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Huiqing Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Huimin Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Haolong Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Zhang GX, Carrillo-Vico A, Zhang WT, Gao SS, Izquierdo Ayuso G. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in China and other Asian countries. Neurologia 2020; 38:S0213-4853(20)30269-3. [PMID: 33069449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian countries is thought to be lower than in Western countries, with Asian populations presenting 80% less risk of MS than white populations. Incidence and prevalence rates in Asian countries are therefore not well defined and their association with rates in neighboring countries, as well as with ethnic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, are not well understood. We performed a comprehensive literature review of epidemiological data from China and neighbouring countries to study the frequency of the disease, focusing on prevalence, and the progression over time and the influence of sex-related, environmental, dietary, and sociocultural factors. Prevalence rates in China range between 0.88 cases/100,000 population in 1986 and 5.2 cases/100,000 population in 2013, with a non-significant upwards trend (p = .08). The increase observed in Japan, where figures ranged between 8.1 and 18.6 cases/100,000 population was highly significant (p < .001). Prevalence rates in countries with predominantly white populations are considerably higher and have increased over time, reaching 115 cases/100,000 population in 2015 (r2 = 0.79, p < .0001). In conclusion, the prevalence of MS in China appears to have risen in recent years, although Asian populations (including Chinese and Japanese populations, among others) appear to present less risk than other populations. Within Asia, geographical latitude appears not to be a determining factor for developing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Zhang
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Vithas-Nisa, Sevilla, España; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC) y Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC) y Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - W T Zhang
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - S S Gao
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - G Izquierdo Ayuso
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Vithas-Nisa, Sevilla, España.
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Almasi-Hashiani A, Sahraian MA, Eskandarieh S. Evidence of an increased prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a population-based study of Tehran registry during 1999-2018. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:169. [PMID: 32359352 PMCID: PMC7195783 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been investigated in various studies, which have revealed that the prevalence of MS varies across countries. The present study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal prevalence of MS in Tehran, Iran. METHODS The present population-based study was conducted in Tehran, the capital of Iran from 1999 to 2018 based on the annual report data provided by the Iranian MS Society (IMSS) registry system. The age-standardized and crude prevalence were estimated using population data presented by the Statistical Centre of Iran. RESULTS A total of 21,580 MS cases were registered and included in the analysis. Among the participant patients, 24.99% (5393) and 75.01% (16,187) of cases were male and female, respectively. The mean age of MS onset was 28.8 years (S.D: 8.7). The age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of MS increased from 73.7 (95%CI: 72.1-75.2) per 100,000 people in 2006 to 137.6 (95% CI: 135.7-139.5) per 100,000 people in 2018. The ASP of MS in 2018 was estimated to be 67.9 (95%CI: 66.0-69.8) and 207.3 (95%CI: 204.0-210.7) per 100,000 people among males and females, respectively. The age-standardized female-to-male ratio of MS ranged from 3.7 (in 2010) to 2.06 (in 2017). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that the prevalence of MS in Tehran province is relatively high, and the occurrence of the disease is more common in the age groups under 40 years as compared with older-aged groups. In line with reports provided for various regions of the world, the prevalence of MS was higher among women. Similarly, the findings of this study revealed that the female-to-male ratio was 2.14 in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Sina Hospital, Hassan Abad square, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Sina Hospital, Hassan Abad square, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tonagel F, Wilhelm H, Kelbsch C. Optic neuritis in German children: clinical findings and association with multiple sclerosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1523-1526. [PMID: 32274587 PMCID: PMC8349338 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Analysis of a cohort of pediatric optic neuritis patients concerning the epidemiology, disease progression, and association with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Retrospective, observational cohort study. From 2004 to 2018, all electronic medical files of patients younger than 18 years referred to a tertiary care clinic in Germany with the diagnosis optic neuritis have been analyzed. Results Sixty-nine patients were referred in the study period, 16 did not suffer under optic neuritis and were excluded. The median visual acuity of the remaining 53 patients was 0.07 at the baseline examination and 1.0 at the latest follow-up examination (decimal notation, median 2.1 years after baseline). Forty-two percent of the patients developed MS during the study period. Female sex (p = 0.028) as well as higher age (p = 0.0082) proved to be statistically significant risk factors for MS development. Conclusion The prognosis for restoring vision in pediatric optic neuritis was favorable. During the observation period, the risk of developing MS was overall 42% and 8% for patients younger than 11 years. The percentage of MS as underlying cause of optic neuritis does not differ remarkably between children older 10 years and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Tonagel
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carina Kelbsch
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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López-Valencia D, Medina-Ortega Á, Hoyos-Samboní DF, Saavedra-Torres JS, Salguero C. Epstein-Barr virus infection as a predisposing factor for multiple sclerosis. An update from molecular biology, immunology and epidemiology. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n3.70149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus is an infectious agent used to immortalize and induce polyclonal activation of B cells. It has been widely described that this virus produces changes in the cells it infects and in the immune response, and stimulates the development of autoimmune diseases.Objective: To characterize the association between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis described in current scientific literature.Materials and methods: A 59-years range literature search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc and SciELO databases using the following MeSH terms: “Epstein-Barr virus, multiple sclerosis autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases of the nervous system”.Results: Many studies describe the association between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. It is believed that acute infection and viral reactivation promote the development of multiple sclerosis.Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct further research on the pathogenesis and morphophysiological and neuroimmunological changes –at the ecological, molecular, cellular, tissue, organic and systemic level– induced by the immune response and that favor the development of multiple sclerosis.
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Osteopontin (OPN) as a CSF and blood biomarker for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190252. [PMID: 29346446 PMCID: PMC5773083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a reliable biomarker may accelerate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and lead to early management of the disease. Accumulating evidence suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood concentration of osteopontin (OPN) may have diagnostic and prognostic value in MS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measured peripheral blood and CSF levels of OPN in MS patients and controls to evaluate the diagnostic potential of this biomarker better. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to find articles that measured OPN concentration in peripheral blood and CSF samples from MS patients up to October 19, 2016. Q statistic tests and the I2 index were applied for heterogeneity assessment. If the I2 index was less than 40%, the fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was chosen if the I2 value was greater than 40%. After removal of duplicates, 918 articles were identified, and 27 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We included 22 eligible studies in the final meta-analysis. MS patients, in general, had considerably higher levels of OPN in their CSF and blood when compared to all types of controls (p<0.05). When the comparisons were made between different subtypes of MS patients and controls, the results pointed to significantly higher levels of OPN in CSF of MS subgroups (p<0.05). All subtypes of MS patients, except CIS patients, had increased blood levels of OPN compared to controls (p<0.05). In the second set of meta-analyses, we compared the peripheral blood and CSF concentrations of OPN between MS patient subtypes. CIS patients had significantly lower levels of OPN both in their peripheral blood and CSF compared to patients with progressive subtypes of MS (p<0.05). CSF concentration of OPN was significantly higher among RRMS patients compared to the CIS patients and SPMS patients (P<0.05). Finally, patients with active MS had significantly higher OPN levels in their CSF compared to patients with stable disease (P = 0.007). The result of this study confirms that increased levels of OPN exist in CSF and peripheral blood of MS patients and strengthens the evidence regarding the clinical utility of OPN as a promising and validated biomarker for MS.
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Yoon J, Yoon SJ. Quantifying Burden of Disease to Measure Population Health in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31 Suppl 2:S101-S107. [PMID: 27775246 PMCID: PMC5081290 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.s2.s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessments of the health status of a population are essential to make decisions and set priorities in the field of public health. Changing epidemiologic patterns increase the demand for comprehensive estimates of population health across the full health spectrum, including non-communicable diseases and injuries. Burden of disease (BoD) analysis has helped meet this need. With the success of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, the BoD technique has become predominantly associated with the GBD approach and its methodology using disability-adjusted life year (DALY) has been rapidly disseminated and generally accepted over the last several years. The first Korean BoD study using the DALY metric was presented in 2002. Various BoD studies have since been conducted, but the DALY concept has remained primarily academic and has not yet been actively utilized in the health policy arena. Here, we review the DALY metric and population-based Korean BoD studies using national health data, with the intent of increasing the understanding of their value and their potential role in strengthening future assessments of the Korean population's health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) includes a consideration of genetic and environmental factors. Comparative studies of different populations have revealed prevalence and incidence rates that vary with geography and ethnicity. With a prevalence ranging from 2 per 100,000 in Japan to greater than 100 per 100,000 in Northern Europe and North America, the burden of MS is similarly unevenly influenced by longevity and comorbid disorders. Well-powered genome-wide association studies have investigated the genetic substrate of MS, providing insight into autoimmune mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of MS and elucidating possible avenues of biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Howard
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Care Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Stephen Trevick
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Younger
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Stuntz M. Modeling the Burden of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the USA in 2013. Cardiology 2016; 135:127-31. [DOI: 10.1159/000446871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological condition characterized by an abnormal, localized dilatation of the lower part of the aorta. Due to a lack of data on the natural history of AAA and risk of death from other cardiovascular diseases attributable to AAA, the true number of AAA-attributable deaths may be higher than currently estimated. This study aims to produce more realistic estimates of the burden of AAA. Methods: A disease-modeling software, DisMod II, was used to assess the AAA burden via a multistate life table. Inputs included population, all-cause mortality, size- and sex-specific AAA prevalence, and relative risk of death estimates for persons with AAA compared with persons without AAA. Results: There were 2,347,339 prevalent cases of AAA in the USA in 2013 (95% CI: 2,131,964-2,524,116), resulting in 41,371 deaths attributable to AAA (95% CI: 34,090-49,234). Females constituted 21.1% of prevalent cases and 45.2% of deaths, compared with males constituting 78.9% of prevalent cases and 54.8% of deaths. Conclusions: This work shows that the burden of mortality attributable to AAA is more than twice the current estimates from the American Heart Association. Females account for a disproportionately high percentage of deaths despite constituting a low percentage of prevalent cases.
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Liu X, Cui Y, Han J. Estimating epidemiological data of Multiple sclerosis using hospitalized data in Shandong Province, China. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:73. [PMID: 27259479 PMCID: PMC4893299 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare chronically debilitating disease. There are few reports on the burden of disease of MS and prevalence in China. The authors intended to estimate disease burden and prevalence of MS in Shandong Province using available epidemiologic data. Methods Prevalence was calculated using DISMOD II software based on incidence extrapolated from hospitalization data, case fatality and remission rate from literature as input indexes. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was computed with epidemiologic indexes estimated by DISMOD II program. Results The prevalence of MS was estimated to be 3.7(95 % CI: 1.65–5.8) and 6.7(95 % CI: 2.7–9.56) cases per 100,000 people for males and for females, respectively. The mean age at onset of MS was 36.0(43.0 ± 30.0 years in males and 33.7(43.4 ± 29.7) years in females. Duration of the disease was estimated to be 34.0 (31.6 ± 21.0) years for males and 39.5(34.9 ± 21.8) years for females. The disease burden in disability-adjusted life years was 3316, comprised of 903 (27.2 %) years of life lost (YLL) and 2413 (72.8 %) years lived with disability (YLD). Conclusions Our study highlighted that population in Shandong Province had a high prevalence of MS and the patients had a heavy disease burden. It also revealed that the results obtained in this paper would be useful to provide a reference for establishing specific healthcare policies for this rare disease in Shandong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.,Ji'nan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.,Ji'nan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China. .,Ji'nan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
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Liu X, Cui Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhao H, Han J. Using inpatient data to estimate the prevalence of Wegener's granulomatosis in China. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:31-5. [PMID: 26989646 PMCID: PMC4761581 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
China lacks a registry for most rare diseases, so specific epidemiological data on those diseases are lacking. A strategy involving the DISMOD II model was recently formulated to estimate the epidemiological parameters of rare diseases, and this strategy has been used to study several rare diseases. The current study used this strategy to estimate the prevalence of one such rare disease, Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), in China based on its incidence, mortality, and rate of remission according to the software tool DISMOD II. The incidence of WG was calculated based on inpatient data from 100 hospitals throughout China. The cause-specific mortality from WG was estimated based on data from the National Vital Statistics System of the United States and adjusted for the Chinese population. The rate of disease remission was based on the results of previous study. The current results indicated that the prevalence of WG in China is 1.94/100,000, which is slightly lower than that in Europe and the United States. The mean age at onset of WG in China was calculated to be 38.9 years for males and 39.3 years for females and the duration of disease was 28 years for both male and female patients. These figures are similar to published data from other countries. In conclusion, the DISMOD II model was used to estimate the prevalence of WG in China, providing a basis to evaluate the potential disease burden and orphan drug use by patients with WG. The DISMOD II model could be used to estimate the prevalence of other rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250062, China. E-mail:
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Kim YM, Kim HY, Cho MJ, Kwak MJ, Park KH, Yeon GM, Lee Y, Nam SO. Optic Neuritis in Korean Children: Low Risk of Subsequent Multiple Sclerosis. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 53:221-5. [PMID: 26183177 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relationship between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis has previously been reported in non-Asian adults. We extended the investigation to Korean children. OBJECTIVES We compared the clinical features, laboratory findings, and visual outcomes of optic neuritis between prepubertal children and postpubertal adolescents and evaluated the conversion rate of optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis in Korean children. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of children less than 18 years of age presenting with optic neuritis at Pusan National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2013. Outcomes and clinical, ophthalmologic, magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory findings were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-six children (male:female, 1:1.2) were included. Follow-up duration was 16.3 ± 27.5 months in the prepubertal children (≤10 years, n = 13) and 8.2 ± 9.2 months in postpubertal adolescent (>10 years, n = 13) (P = 0.32). There was no significant difference between the prepubertal group and postpubertal group in clinical, ophthalmologic, magnetic resonance imaging, or laboratory findings. Of two patients (7.7%) with abnormal brain magnetic resonance images, one developed multiple sclerosis and the other developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Of three patients (11.5%) with relapsing optic neuritis, two developed systemic lupus erythematosus and one developed multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION The risk of developing multiple sclerosis after pediatric optic neuritis was low (7.7%). Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging and relapsing optic neuritis should alert the clinician to systemic or neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Busan, Korea.
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Gyu Min Yeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yunjin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biochemical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
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Namgoong S, Bae JS, Cheong HS, Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim LH, Kim HJ, Shin HD. No association between CCL2 gene polymorphisms and risk of inflammatory demyelinating diseases in a Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:223-8. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Namgoong
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology; SNP Genetics, Inc.; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J. S. Bae
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Samsung Genome Institute; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - H. S. Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology; SNP Genetics, Inc.; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J.-H. Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J. Y. Kim
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - L. H. Kim
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology; SNP Genetics, Inc.; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - H. J. Kim
- Department of Neurology; National Cancer Center; Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - H. D. Shin
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology; SNP Genetics, Inc.; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science; Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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