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Alqarni A, Khan F, Alabasi U, Ruscheweyh R. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the Arabic version of the pain sensitivity questionnaire. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1339449. [PMID: 38380375 PMCID: PMC10877041 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1339449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) is a reliable and valid self-reported tool for the assessment of pain sensitivity in clinical practice. The PSQ has been translated, validated, and cross-culturally adapted into multiple languages. However, a validated Arabic version of the PSQ is not available. Thus, this study aims to translate, validate, and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the PSQ into the Arabic language. Methods and materials The English version of the PSQ was translated and culturally adapted into Arabic following international guidelines. The psychometric properties of the final version of the PSQ-Arabic (PSQ-A) were tested among 119 patients with different persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Findings The Cronbach's α for the PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.76, respectively. The means for the PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor scores were 5.07 (±1.28), 5.64 (±2.07), and 4.50 (±0.50). The test-retest reliability measured with the interclass correlation coefficient for 68 subjects was 0.80 for the PSQ-A-total, 0.74 for the PSQ-A-moderate, and 0.77 for the PSQ-A-minor. The PSQ-A-total and the PSQ-A-minor showed positive significant correlations with pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) (r = 0.15, 0.17); P ≤ 0.05), respectively. The PSQ-A-total, PSQ-A-moderate, and PSQ-A-minor showed positive significant correlations with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)-pain scores (r = 0.47, 0.43, 0.45; P ≤ 0.01), respectively and with the BPI-pain interference scores (r = 0.37, 0.33, 0.34; P ≤ 0.01), respectively. Conclusions This study shows that the PSQ-A is a reliable and valid tool to assess individuals with pain sensitivity in Arabic populations. Further studies are recommended to examine the concurrent validity of the PSQ-A against experimental pain sensitivity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayaz Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Alabasi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Adams GR, Gandhi W, Harrison R, van Reekum CM, Wood-Anderson D, Gilron I, Salomons TV. Do "central sensitization" questionnaires reflect measures of nociceptive sensitization or psychological constructs? A systematic review and meta-analyses. Pain 2023; 164:1222-1239. [PMID: 36729810 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Central sensitization (CS) is defined as an increased nociceptive responsiveness due to sensitization of neurons in the central nervous system, usually the result of prolonged nociceptive input or a disease state associated with noxious inputs (eg, polyarthritis). The concept of CS has recently been adopted in clinical assessments of chronic pain, but its diagnosis in humans may now include a wide range of hypervigilant responses. The purpose of this review is to ascertain whether self-report questionnaires linked with CS are associated with enhanced nociceptive responses or whether they measure sensitivity in a broader sense (ie, emotional responses). According to our published, PROSPERO-registered review protocol (CRD42021208731), a predefined search of studies that involve the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) or Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), correlated with either nociceptive sensory tests or emotional hypervigilance was conducted on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Correlations between the CSI or PSQ with our primary outcomes were extracted and meta-analysed. A review of 66 studies totalling 13,284 participants found that the CSI (but not the PSQ) strongly correlated with psychological constructs: depression, anxiety, stress, pain catastrophising, sleep, and kinesiophobia. The CSI and PSQ showed weak or no correlations with experimental measures of nociceptive sensitivity: pain thresholds, temporal summation, or conditioned pain modulation. The PSQ did, however, correlate strongly with phasic heat and tonic cold pain tests. The studies reviewed did not provide sufficient evidence that self-report measures reflect a canonical understanding of CS. The CSI more closely reflects psychological hypervigilance than increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig R Adams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Gandhi
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Harrison
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tim V Salomons
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ibancos-Losada MDR, Osuna-Pérez MC, Cortés-Pérez I, Montoro-Cárdenas D, Díaz-Fernández Á. Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ-S). J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010151. [PMID: 35011891 PMCID: PMC8745301 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental pain testing requires specific equipment and may be uncomfortable for patients. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) was developed to assess pain sensitivity, based on the pain intensity ratings (range: 0–10) of painful situations that occur in daily life. The main objective of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the PSQ (PSQ-S). A total of 354 subjects (296 healthy and 58 chronic pain patients) filled in the PSQ-S. A subgroup of 116 subjects performed experimental pain testing, including two modalities (cold and pressure), with different measures: pain intensity rating, pressure pain threshold, and tolerance. The validation results showed two factors: PSQ-S-moderate and PSQ-S-minor and, for the total scale and the two factors, an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.9) and a substantial reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.8). We obtained strong correlations with all the experimental pain rating parameters, catastrophizing, and depression variables, as well as moderate correlations with anxiety, central sensibilization, and impact on the quality of life. Chronic pain patients received elevated PSQ-S scores compared to healthy controls, and three cut-off values (PSQ-S-total = 7.00, PSQ-S-moderate = 7.57, and PSQ-S-minor = 6.29) based on ROC curve analyses were shown to be able to discriminate between healthy adults and adults with chronic pain. Therefore, PSQ-S may be a simple alternative to experimental pain procedures for clinical and experimental pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Granada Northeast Health District, Andalusian Health Service, Street San Miguel 2, 18500 Guadix, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Díaz-Fernández
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Inal FY, Gul K, Yilmaz Camgoz Y, Daskaya H, Kocoglu H. Validation of the Turkish version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire in patients with chronic pain. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211060158. [PMID: 34855531 PMCID: PMC8646826 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) is a clinically beneficial instrument that has been proven to be correlated with various experimental pain sensitivity assessments in healthy people and in patients with chronic pain. In this study, we aimed to translate the PSQ into Turkish (PSQ-T) and validate it for the measurement of pain sensitivity among Turkish people. Methods Seventy-three patients with chronic back pain who were planning to undergo an interventional procedure completed the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and PSQ prior to their procedure. Subcutaneous infiltration of lidocaine was used as a standardized experimental pain stimulus. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS 1: infiltration in the hand, and VAS 2: infiltration in the procedure area) Results Scores on the PSQ-T were significantly correlated with those on the BPI-SF. A significant positive relationship was observed between VAS 1 and VAS 2 values and the PSQ-T score, BPI pain score, and BPI interference score. Conclusions The PSQ-T can be used as a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of pain sensitivity in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Yilmaz Inal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - Kursat Gul
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - Yadigar Yilmaz Camgoz
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Sultan Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - Hayrettin Daskaya
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocoglu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
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Ross EN, Toledo TA, Huber F, Kell PA, Hellman N, Shadlow JO, Rhudy JL. The role of self-evaluated pain sensitivity as a mediator of objectively measured pain tolerance in Native Americans: findings from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk (OK-SNAP). J Behav Med 2021; 45:272-284. [PMID: 34545536 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Native Americans (NAs) are at increased risk for chronic pain. One mechanism contributing to this pain disparity could be personal pain beliefs, which may influence actual pain sensitivity. Thus, we examined whether self-evaluated pain sensitivity (SEPS) mediates the relationship between ethnicity [NAs vs. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs)] and objectively-measured pain tolerance, and whether catastrophic thinking and pain-related anxiety influence these pain beliefs. 232 healthy, pain-free NAs and NHWs completed questionnaires measuring SEPS, catastrophizing, and anxiety. Objective pain tolerance was also assessed. Results suggested: (1) NAs reported higher levels of SEPS, catastrophizing, and anxiety, (2) catastrophizing may have enhanced anxiety and both catastrophizing and anxiety were associated with higher SEPS, and (3) anxiety and SEPS were associated with lower pain tolerance. A significant bootstrapped mediation analysis suggested NAs experienced higher pain-related anxiety, which may have promoted higher SEPS, that in turn reduced pain tolerance. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Ross
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Tyler A Toledo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Felicitas Huber
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Parker A Kell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Natalie Hellman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Joanna O Shadlow
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Jamie L Rhudy
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA.
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Differential Diagnosis Strategy between Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease and Lumbar Disc Herniation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6653579. [PMID: 33884268 PMCID: PMC8041544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasingly incidence rate of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and difficult to distinguish from lumbar disc herniation, it is very necessary to exclude lower extremity arterial occlusive disease resulting in lower limb symptoms from lumbar disc herniation. More importantly, who have a higher risk of combining with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation? Why those patients are easy to be misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation? It is worth analyzing and discussing. The risk factors including age, gender, the medical history of high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and coronary, pulse pressure, lumbar disc herniation segment and type, ankle-brachial index, and straight leg raising test were observed. The Oswestry disability index and the Japanese Orthopedic Association score were collected preoperative, six months after posterior lumbar interbody fusion and six months after vascular interventional treatment to evaluate the symptoms relief and surgical efficacy. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in pulse pressure, ankle-brachial index, central disc herniation, and straight leg raising test between two groups. There was a high risk to missed diagnosis of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation when patients are with a mild central lumbar disc herniation, higher pulse pressure, lower ankle-brachial index, and straight leg raising test negative. Therefore, sufficient history-taking and cautious physical examinations contributed to find risk factors and attach importance to such patients and, further, to exclude lower extremity arterial occlusive disease from lumbar disc herniation using lower extremity vascular ultrasound examination.
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Van Boekel RLM, Timmerman H, Bronkhorst EM, Ruscheweyh R, Vissers KCP, Steegers MAH. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire in Dutch Healthy Volunteers. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:1050935. [PMID: 32774564 PMCID: PMC7397447 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increased sensitivity to painful stimuli has been proposed to be related to the development of chronic pain. Therefore, assessment of individual pain sensitivity is useful in clinical practice. However, experimental pain testing may be uncomfortable for patients and requires specific equipment. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) has been developed to facilitate assessment of pain sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PSQ from its published German and English versions into the Dutch language and to assess validity of the PSQ in healthy volunteers. After translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PSQ following international guidelines, we validated the PSQ in 394 healthy volunteers by comparing the PSQ-values with two different experimental pain tests: electrical pain tolerance (EPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). In addition, ratings of pain intensity during these tests were obtained on the numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10). We found that the reliability of the PSQ based on internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.90). PSQ-scores, adjusted for age and sex, were statistically significant and weakly inversely correlated to EPT (PSQ-moderate: rho = -0.24, p=0.007; PSQ-total: rho = -0.22, p=0.016). No statistically significant correlation between PSQ-scores and PPT was found. Concerning the pain scores, PSQ-scores were weakly to moderately correlated to EPT-NRS (PSQ-minor: rho = 0.21, p=0.021; PSQ-moderate: rho = 0.22, p=0.016; PSQ-total: rho = 0.23, p=0.009) as well as PPT-NRS (PSQ-minor: rho = 0.32, p < 0.001; PSQ-moderate: rho = 0.36, p < 0.001; PSQ-total: rho = 0.37, p < 0.001). Therefore, we concluded that the Dutch version of the PSQ is culturally appropriate for assessing self-reported pain sensitivity in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L. M. Van Boekel
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Timmerman
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ewald M. Bronkhorst
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kris C. P. Vissers
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Monique A. H. Steegers
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Grundström H, Larsson B, Arendt‐Nielsen L, Gerdle B, Kjølhede P. Associations between pain thresholds for heat, cold and pressure, and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire scores in healthy women and in women with persistent pelvic pain. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:1631-1639. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Grundström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Linköping University Norrköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Lars Arendt‐Nielsen
- Center for Sensory‐Motor Interactions, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Preben Kjølhede
- Children and Women’s Health, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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Transcultural adaptation and French validation of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire. Can J Anaesth 2019; 66:1202-1212. [PMID: 31020630 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate a French translation of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), which is a valuable tool to predict an individual's natural disposition to feel pain that could be used after surgery. METHODS We studied content validity, internal consistency, convergent validity (anxiety, depression and catastrophism) and test-retest reliability of the French version of the PSQ (PSQ-F) in 146 patients either before scheduled surgery or during pregnancy; then, convergent and concurrent validity in 85 healthy volunteers submitted to nociceptive tests. RESULTS Internal consistency of the PSQ-F was found to be excellent, with Cronbach's α at 0.866, 0.886, and 0.927, respectively for its "minor", "moderate" and "total" scores. Test-retest reliability was significant, with intraclass correlation coefficients at 0.629, 0.629, and 0.635, respectively for the above- mentioned scores. These three scores correlated with anxiety, depression and catastrophizing scores in patients, but not in healthy volunteers, possibly because of low and few variant psychometric scores in this group. They were inversely correlated to the temperature needed to evoke heat pain rated 6 out of 10, but not to the mechanical pain threshold (electronic von Frey), nor to the heat pain threshold. Finally, they directly correlated to the pain induced by the cold pressor test (minor and total scores only). DISCUSSION This validated version can now be used by French-speaking researchers and physicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03113903); 14 April, 2017.
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Latka D, Miekisiak G, Kozlowska K, Olbrycht T, Chowaniec J, Latka K, Niedzwiecki M, Ruscheweyh R, Jarmuzek P. Translation, validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of the pain sensitivity questionnaire. J Pain Res 2019; 12:969-973. [PMID: 30936737 PMCID: PMC6421867 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s189427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to provide a translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Polish language version of the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). The process followed widely accepted guidelines. Methods The translated questionnaire underwent thorough psychometric testing. In total, the data of 144 subjects (mean age 52.53±13 years), who underwent evaluation for lower back pain, were included. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, PSQ-moderate and PSQ-minor. The internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α was 0.96). There was a fair and significant correlation between the results of the PSQ and the coping strategy questionnaire (CSQ; Spearman’s rho was 0.27). The test-retest reliability was favorable, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the CSQ total was 0.93 with a mean interval of 9.04 days between administrations. Conclusion Our results show that the Polish version of the PSQ is valid and can be recommended for Polish-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Latka
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland, .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland,
| | - Grzegorz Miekisiak
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland, .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland,
| | - Klaudia Kozlowska
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Olbrycht
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland,
| | - Jacek Chowaniec
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland,
| | - Kajetan Latka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland,
| | | | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paweł Jarmuzek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Coronado RA, George SZ. The Central Sensitization Inventory and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire: An exploration of construct validity and associations with widespread pain sensitivity among individuals with shoulder pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2018; 36:61-67. [PMID: 29751194 PMCID: PMC6671673 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) are alternatives to quantitative sensory testing (QST) for inferring central sensitization. OBJECTIVE Explore 1) comparative validity of the CSI and PSQ with QST (construct validity) and pain-related psychological questionnaires (concurrent validity), and 2) associations with widespread pain sensitivity. METHODS Seventy-eight participants with unilateral shoulder pain less than 6 months (mean ± SD age = 39.0 ± 14.5 years, N (%) females = 36 (46.2%)) completed the CSI, PSQ, psychological questionnaires, and underwent QST for local and remote pressure pain thresholds (PPT), heat pain threshold, and suprathreshold heat pain ratings. Data from 25 age and sex-matched healthy participants (mean ± SD age = 35.2 ± 11.1 year, N (%) females = 13 (52.0%)) were used to determine a composite index for widespread pressure pain sensitivity in the shoulder pain group. Analyses included correlations between measures and between-group comparisons. RESULTS Only the PSQ was associated with remote PPT (rho range = -0.25 to -0.27). Both the CSI and PSQ were associated with resilience (rho range = -0.29 to -0.39), anxiety (rho range = 0.25 to 0.66), and negative affect (rho range = 0.27 to 0.67). Neither the CSI nor PSQ were associated with widespread pain sensitivity (p > 0.05). Resilience (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.94) was a distinctive feature for widespread pain sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings challenge the exclusive use of the CSI or PSQ for inferring central sensitization among individuals with shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio A Coronado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue S, MCE-South, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Steven Z George
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, 2400 Pratt Street, Room 0311 Terrace Level, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Bjørnnes AK, Lie I, Parry M, Falk R, Leegaard M, Rustøen T, Valeberg BT. Association between self-perceived pain sensitivity and pain intensity after cardiac surgery. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1425-1432. [PMID: 30122973 PMCID: PMC6078187 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s167524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Cardiac surgical pain remains a clinical challenge affecting about 40% of individuals in the first six months post-cardiac surgery, and continues up to two years after surgery for about 15–20%. Self-perceived sensitivity to pain may help to identify individuals at risk for persistent cardiac surgical pain to optimize health care responses. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between self-perceived pain sensitivity assessed by the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and postoperative worst pain intensity up to 12 months after cardiac surgery. Sex differences in baseline characteristics and the PSQ scores were also assessed. Methods This study was performed among 416 individuals (23% women) scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery between March 2012 and September 2013. A secondary data-analysis was utilized to explore the relationship between preoperative PSQ scores and worst pain intensity rated preoperatively, across postoperative Days 1–4, at 2 weeks, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to estimate changes in pain intensity during 1-year follow-up. Results The mean (±standard deviation) PSQ-total score was 3.3±1.4, with similar scores in men and women. The PSQ-total score was significantly associated with higher worst pain intensity ratings adjusted for participant characteristics (p=0.001). Conclusion Use of the PSQ before surgery may predict cardiac surgical pain intensity. However, previous evidence is limited and not consistent, and more research is needed to substantiate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Bjørnnes
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, .,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Irene Lie
- Center for Patient Centered Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Parry
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Ragnhild Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Leegaard
- OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Rustøen
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, .,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Taraldsen Valeberg
- OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing, Oslo, Norway
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Melotti R, Ruscheweyh R, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Pattaro C. Structural Consistency of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) Population-Based Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:1424-1434. [PMID: 30017960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-reported Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) is a valid supplement to experimental pain testing. However, the latent constructs determining the originally proposed 1 general score (PSQ-total) and 2 subscores (PSQ-moderate and PSQ-minor) have not been consistently investigated in population-based studies or between genders. Based on a single construct hypothesized by expert knowledge or alternative constructs upon empirical evidence, PSQ structures were explored and confirmed among 4,820 participants aged 18 to 93 years of the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. By exploratory factor analysis, we identified 3 alternative sets of PSQ imagined painful situations comprising 14, 10, and 9 items, which displayed simple structures of the rotated factor loadings of direct interpretation. In confirmatory analysis (CFA) of 1 latent factor, the 10-item set yielded acceptable goodness-of-fit overall, better fit than the alternative sets and consistent structural properties between genders. Separate analyses based on 14- and 9-item sets returned considerable correlations between 2 latent constructs. In higher-order CFA with each set, 1 first-order general factor explained a large part of the variances of 2 second-order factors. One dominant construct consistently describes the factorial structure of the PSQ. Averaging across the 10-item set, the PSQ-short score represents a structurally robust, gender-consistent, and practical measure of general pain sensitivity. PERSPECTIVE: One dominant latent construct of general pain sensitivity consistently determines responses to the self-reported PSQ. The PSQ-short score maintains similar psychometric properties to the PSQ-total and between genders. This measure is attractive for large-scale research and clinical screening of pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Melotti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy; Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy; Department of Neurology, University of Lubeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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14
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Quan X, Fong DYT, Leung AYM, Liao Q, Ruscheweyh R, Chau PH. Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire. Pain Pract 2017; 18:180-193. [PMID: 28422444 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), a self-reported scale, has been used to assess the pain sensitivity level in a Caucasian population. However, a validated Mandarin Chinese version of the PSQ is not available. This study was aimed to translate the PSQ into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ-C) and validate it to measure pain sensitivity among Chinese people. METHODS The English version of the PSQ has been translated into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ-C), according to the standard steps of cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported scales. Three of the 17 items were revised owing to cultural adaptation. The final version was validated on a population of 182 Chinese people in Changsha City, China, during October to December 2015. The participants underwent electrical experimental pain testing. The psychometric properties of the PSQ-C and its subscales were examined. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the PSQ-C-total, PSQ-C-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor were 0.90, 0.86, and 0.81, respectively. Acceptable test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity were demonstrated. Concurrent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between PSQ-C scores and perceived pain intensity at pain threshold and during pain stimulation with a fixed intensity. Convergent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores and PSQ-C scores. Known group validity was demonstrated via higher PSQ-C-total and PSQ-C-moderate scores among those with high neuroticism scores. These results indicate that the PSQ-C has reasonably good psychometric properties, similar to the original English and German versions. CONCLUSION The PSQ-C is a reliable and useful tool to assess pain sensitivity levels in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Quan
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The First People's Hospital of Huaihua and University of South China, Huaihua City, China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Qin Liao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Azimi P, Benzel EC. Cut-Off Value for Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire in Predicting Surgical Success in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160541. [PMID: 27494617 PMCID: PMC4975474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors related to predict surgical success were studied; however, a standard cut-off point for the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) measure has not yet been established for a favorable surgical outcome for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study was to find the optimal cut-off point on the PSQ to distinguish surgical success in patients with LDH. A total of 154 patients with LDH consecutively referred to our clinic were enrolled into this prospective study between February 2011 and January 2014. All participants completed the PSQ. Patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score before surgery, and at 2 years after surgery. Surgical success was defined as a 13-point improvement from the baseline ODI scores. The cut-off value for PSQ was determined by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC). The mean age of patients was 49.3±9.6 years, and there were 80 women. The mean time for follow-up assessment was 31±5 months (range 24–35). Post-surgical success was 79.9% (n = 123) at 2 years follow up. The mean score for the total PSQ, PSQ-minor, and PSQ-moderate were 6.0 (SD = 1.6), 5.4 (SD = 1.9) and 6.5 (SD = 1.7), respectively. Total PSQ score was also significantly correlated with the total scores of the ODI. The optimal total PSQ cut-off point was determined as > 5.2 to predict surgical success in LDH patients, with 80.0% sensitivity and 75.6% specificity (AUC-0.814, 95% CI 0.703–0.926). This study showed that the PSQ could be considered a parameter for predicting surgical success in patients with LDH, and can be useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Azimi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward C. Benzel
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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