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Konstantinidis I. Managing Post-traumatic Olfactory Disorders. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-022-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aims to summarize and critically review recent literature on management of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) with emphasis on the diagnostic procedure and treatment options.
Recent Findings
Magnetic resonance imaging and olfactory testing are the basis of the diagnostic procedure. Time of diagnosis is critical as the most improvement occurs within the first year after trauma. Olfactory training and oral steroids seem to be a relatively evidence-based therapeutic option but with non-optimal results. Surgery has a limited place in the management of PTOD. Promising future options could be the development of olfactory implants and transplantation of olfactory epithelium or stem cells.
Summary
PTOD management is challenging as it has several pathogenetic mechanisms and relatively poor prognosis. Patients with olfactory impairment and head trauma have diminished quality of life, and increased risk for harmful events and development of depression. Thus, clinicians should not only focus to therapeutic options but equally to appropriate counseling to their patients in order to decrease risks of personal injury and improve their daily life.
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Makin S. Restoring smell with an electronic nose. Nature 2022; 606:S12-S13. [PMID: 35732778 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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