Influence of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field on neuroendocrine cells and hormones in stomach of rats

Improvement of Cognitive Indicators in Male Monkeys Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

Today, the production of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) has significantly increased. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ELF-EMFs on the structure and function of the brain in male rhesus monkeys in terms of visual learning (VL), visual memory (VM), and visual working memory (VWM). To conduct the study, four monkeys were selected, of whom two monkeys were irradiated by 12-Hz ELF-EMFs with a magnitude of 0.7 microtesla, and two monkeys were tested without irradiation (control group). A blood sample was taken in three stages, namely pre- and post-irradiated and the recovery phases. Changes in the plasma levels of sodium, potassium, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were evaluated. Moreover, gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was assessed. The anatomical change of the brain's prefrontal area was measured by magnetic resonance imaging and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine LiteBox file. The abilities of VL, VM, and VWM significantly improved after the irradiation. Furthermore, the expression of the NMDA receptors gene and the plasma levels of sodium, potassium, and ACTH significantly enhanced after the irradiation. However, the prefrontal area was not significantly affected by the irradiation. No significant differences were observed in any of the studied factors in the control group. Our findings suggested that ELF-EMFs irradiation at 12 Hz positively affected VL and VWM. Consequently, 12-Hz ELF-EMFs irradiations can be widely applied to improve cognitive abilities in monkeys.

Long-term exposure of cockroach Blaptica dubia (Insecta: Blaberidae) nymphs to magnetic fields of different characteristics: effects on antioxidant biomarkers and nymphal gut mass

Purpose: The main goal of this study was to analyze the long-term effects of static (SMF) and extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) on nymphal gut mass and antioxidant biomarkers in this tissue of cockroach Blaptica dubia. Materials and methods: One-month-old nymphs were exposed to magnetic field (MF) for 5 months in three experimental groups: control, exposure to SMF (110 mT) and exposure to ELF MF (50 Hz, 10 mT). Results: The gut masses of the MF groups were significantly lower when compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were markedly higher than for the control and the differences between the MF groups were statistically significant only for SOD. The applied MF had no effect on total glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly lower in both MF groups in comparison to the control. There was a significant difference between MF groups for GR activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that CAT and GST were the main factors contributing to the differentiation of the control group from the treated experimental groups along PCA 1, and SOD and GR along PCA 2. PCA revealed clear separation between experimental groups depends on antioxidant biomarker response. Conclusion: The applied magnetic fields could be considered a potential stressor influencing gut mass, as well as examined antioxidative biomarkers.

Proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells by 400μT electromagnetic field

The interaction between environment electromagnetic field (EMF) and cells can effect on various physiological processes. EMF as an external inducing factor, could effect on proliferation or differentiation of cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the electromagnetic field on the viability, proliferation and differentiation rate of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to neuron. BMSCs were obtained from 42 adult male rats. The cells incubated and cultured in 96-wells and 6-wells plates and exposed to electromagnetic field (40 or 400μT) with a selected waveform: AC (alternative current), rectified half wave (RHW) and rectified full wave (RFW), for a week. To assess the viability and proliferation rate of treated cells, MTT assay was done, and then immunocytochemistry staining Neu N was used to evaluate cell differentiation to neuron. Results showed that EMF decreases the viability and proliferation in treated groups. But in AC group's reduction was significant. Minimum viability and proliferation rate was observed in RHW 400μT group compared with sham. Immunocytochemistry showed that EMF can induce BMSC differentiation into neuron in AC 400μT and RFW 400μT. Evidences of this research support the hypothesis that EMF can induce differentiation of BMSCs to neuron.