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Kohn FPM, Hauslage J. The gravity dependence of pharmacodynamics: the integration of lidocaine into membranes in microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:5. [PMID: 30854420 PMCID: PMC6403312 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To realize long-term manned space missions, e.g. to Mars, some important questions about pharmacology under conditions of different gravity will have to be answered to ensure safe usage of pharmaceuticals. Experiments on the International Space Station showed that the pharmacokinetics of drugs are changed in microgravity. On Earth, it is well known that the incorporation of substances into cellular membranes depends on membrane fluidity, therefore the finding that membrane fluidity is gravity dependent possibly has effects on pharmacodynamics of hydrophobic and amphiphilic substances in microgravity. To validate a possible effect of gravity on pharmacodynamics, experiments have been carried out to investigate the incorporation of lidocaine into plain lipid membranes under microgravity conditions. In microgravity, the induced increase in membrane fluidity associated with lidocaine incorporation is smaller compared to 1g controls. This experiment concerning the gravity dependence of pharmacodynamics in real microgravity clearly shows that the incorporation of amphipathic drugs into membranes is changed in microgravity. This might have significant impact on the pharmacology of drugs during long-term space missions and has to be investigated in more detail to be able to assess possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P. M. Kohn
- Department of Membrane Physiology (230b), Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Hauslage
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe Cologne, Germany
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Barr VA, Sherman E, Yi J, Akpan I, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE. Development of nanoscale structure in LAT-based signaling complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4548-4562. [PMID: 27875277 PMCID: PMC5201021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) plays a crucial role in forming signaling complexes induced by stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). These multi-molecular complexes are dynamic structures that activate highly regulated signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated nanoscale structure in LAT-based complexes where the adapter SLP-76 (also known as LCP2) localizes to the periphery of LAT clusters. In this study, we show that initially LAT and SLP-76 are randomly dispersed throughout the clusters that form upon TCR engagement. The segregation of LAT and SLP-76 develops near the end of the spreading process. The local concentration of LAT also increases at the same time. Both changes require TCR activation and an intact actin cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate that the nanoscale organization of LAT-based signaling complexes is dynamic and indicates that different kinds of LAT-based complexes appear at different times during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie A Barr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jason Yi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Endothelial barrier protection by local anesthetics: ropivacaine and lidocaine block tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial cell Src activation. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:1414-28. [PMID: 24525631 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction mediated in part by Src-kinase activation plays a crucial role in acute inflammatory disease. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), activate Src via phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt-dependent nitric oxide generation, a process initiated by recruitment of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85 to TNF-receptor-1. Because amide-linked local anesthetics have well-established anti-inflammatory effects, the authors hypothesized that ropivacaine and lidocaine attenuate inflammatory Src signaling by disrupting the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-Akt-nitric oxide pathway, thus blocking Src-dependent neutrophil adhesion and endothelial hyperpermeability. METHODS Human lung microvascular endothelial cells, incubated with TNFα in the absence or presence of clinically relevant concentrations of ropivacaine and lidocaine, were analyzed by Western blot, probing for phosphorylated/activated Src, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and caveolin-1. The effect of ropivacaine on TNFα-induced nitric oxide generation, co-immunoprecipitation of TNF-receptor-1 with p85, neutrophil adhesion, and endothelial barrier disruption were assessed. RESULTS Ropivacaine and lidocaine attenuated TNFα-induced Src activation (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 8.611 × 10 M for ropivacaine; IC50 = 5.864 × 10 M for lidocaine) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (IC50 = 7.572 × 10 M for ropivacaine; IC50 = 6.377 × 10 M for lidocaine). Akt activation (n = 7; P = 0.006) and stimulus-dependent binding of TNF-receptor-1 and p85 (n = 6; P = 0.043) were blocked by 1 nM of ropivacaine. TNFα-induced neutrophil adhesion and disruption of endothelial monolayers via Src-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule-1- and caveolin-1-phosphorylation, respectively, were also attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine and lidocaine effectively blocked inflammatory TNFα signaling in endothelial cells by attenuating p85 recruitment to TNF-receptor-1. The resultant decrease in Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and Src phosphorylation reduced neutrophil adhesion and endothelial hyperpermeability. This novel anti-inflammatory "side-effect" of ropivacaine and lidocaine may provide therapeutic benefit in acute inflammatory disease.
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Moldovan M, Lange KHW, Aachmann-Andersen NJ, Kjær TW, Olsen NV, Krarup C. Transient impairment of the axolemma following regional anaesthesia by lidocaine in humans. J Physiol 2014; 592:2735-50. [PMID: 24710060 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.270827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The local anaesthetic lidocaine is known to block voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSCs), although at high concentration it was also reported to block other ion channel currents as well as to alter lipid membranes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the clinical regional anaesthetic action of lidocaine could be accounted for solely by the block of VGSCs or whether other mechanisms are also relevant. We tested the recovery of motor axon conduction and multiple measures of excitability by 'threshold-tracking' after ultrasound-guided distal median nerve regional anaesthesia in 13 healthy volunteers. Lidocaine caused rapid complete motor axon conduction block localized at the wrist. Within 3 h, the force of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle and median motor nerve conduction studies returned to normal. In contrast, the excitability of the motor axons at the wrist remained markedly impaired as indicated by a 7-fold shift of the stimulus-response curves to higher currents with partial recovery by 6 h and full recovery by 24 h. The strength-duration properties were abnormal with markedly increased rheobase and reduced strength-duration time constant. The changes in threshold during electrotonus, especially during depolarization, were markedly reduced. The recovery cycle showed increased refractoriness and reduced superexcitability. The excitability changes were only partly similar to those previously observed after poisoning with the VGSC blocker tetrodotoxin. Assuming an unaltered ion-channel gating, modelling indicated that, apart from up to a 4-fold reduction in the number of functioning VGSCs, lidocaine also caused a decrease of passive membrane resistance and an increase of capacitance. Our data suggest that the lidocaine effects, even at clinical 'sub-blocking' concentrations, could reflect, at least in part, a reversible structural impairment of the axolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Moldovan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange
- Department of Anesthesia, Nordsjællands Hospital and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Troels Wesenberg Kjær
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vidiendal Olsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroanesthesia, The Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krarup
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
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Király A, Váradi T, Hajdu T, Rühl R, Galmarini CM, Szöllősi J, Nagy P. Hypoxia reduces the efficiency of elisidepsin by inhibiting hydroxylation and altering the structure of lipid rafts. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4858-75. [PMID: 24317474 PMCID: PMC3877891 DOI: 10.3390/md11124858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of elisidepsin (PM02734, Irvalec®) is assumed to involve membrane permeabilization via attacking lipid rafts and hydroxylated lipids. Here we investigate the role of hypoxia in the mechanism of action of elisidepsin. Culturing under hypoxic conditions increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration and decreased the drug’s binding to almost all cell lines which was reversed by incubation of cells with 2-hydroxy palmitic acid. The expression of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase was strongly correlated with the efficiency of the drug and inversely correlated with the effect of hypoxia. Number and brightness analysis and fluorescence anisotropy experiments showed that hypoxia decreased the clustering of lipid rafts and altered the structure of the plasma membrane. Although the binding of elisidepsin to the membrane is non-cooperative, its membrane permeabilizing effect is characterized by a Hill coefficient of ~3.3. The latter finding is in agreement with elisidepsin-induced clusters of lipid raft-anchored GFP visualized by confocal microscopy. We propose that the concentration of elisidepsin needs to reach a critical level in the membrane above which elisidepsin induces the disruption of the cell membrane. Testing for tumor hypoxia or the density of hydroxylated lipids could be an interesting strategy to increase the efficiency of elisidepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Király
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Tímea Váradi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Tímea Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mail:
| | - Carlos M. Galmarini
- Cell Biology Department, PharmaMar, Avda de los Reyes 1, Pol. Ind. La Mina, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid 28770, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +36-52-412-623; Fax: +36-52-532-201
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Park SM, Park JS, Kim JH, Baek JH, Yoon TG, Lee DK, Ryu WH, Chung IK, Sohn UD, Jang HO, Yun I. Decreasing Effect of Lidocaine·HCl on the Thickness of the Neuronal and Model Membrane. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:253-7. [PMID: 23946683 PMCID: PMC3741480 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mechanism of action of a local anesthetic, lidocaine·HCl. Energy transfer between the surface fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, and the hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane, was used to determine the effect of lidocaine·HCl on the thickness (D) of the synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of the total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. The thickness (D) of the intact SPMV, SPMVTL and SPMVPL were 1.044±0.008, 0.914±0.005 and 0.890±0.003 (arbitrary units, n=5) at 37℃ (pH 7.4), respectively. Lidocaine·HCl decreased the thickness of the neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayers in a dose-dependent manner with a significant decrease in the thickness, even at 0.1 mM. The decreasing effect of lidocaine·HCl on the membrane thickness might be responsible for some, but not all of its anesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Baek
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Yoon
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Do-Keun Lee
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Won-Hyang Ryu
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - In-Kyo Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hye-Ock Jang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Il Yun
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Biophysics, School of Dentistry and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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