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Chao YW, Lee YL, Tseng CS, Wang LUH, Hsia KC, Chen H, Fustin JM, Azeem S, Chang TT, Chen CY, Kung FC, Hsueh YP, Huang YS, Chao HW. Improved CaP Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid and Protein Delivery to Neural Primary Cultures and Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4822-4839. [PMID: 38285698 PMCID: PMC10867895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Efficiently delivering exogenous materials into primary neurons and neural stem cells (NSCs) has long been a challenge in neurobiology. Existing methods have struggled with complex protocols, unreliable reproducibility, high immunogenicity, and cytotoxicity, causing a huge conundrum and hindering in-depth analyses. Here, we establish a cutting-edge method for transfecting primary neurons and NSCs, named teleofection, by a two-step process to enhance the formation of biocompatible calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles. Teleofection enables both nucleic acid and protein transfection into primary neurons and NSCs, eliminating the need for specialized skills and equipment. It can easily fine-tune transfection efficiency by adjusting the incubation time and nanoparticle quantity, catering to various experimental requirements. Teleofection's versatility allows for the delivery of different cargos into the same cell culture, whether simultaneously or sequentially. This flexibility proves invaluable for long-term studies, enabling the monitoring of neural development and synapse plasticity. Moreover, teleofection ensures the consistent and robust expression of delivered genes, facilitating molecular and biochemical investigations. Teleofection represents a significant advancement in neurobiology, which has promise to transcend the limitations of current gene delivery methods. It offers a user-friendly, cost-effective, and reproducible approach for researchers, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of brain function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-San Tseng
- Department
of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lily Ueh-Hsi Wang
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsia
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department
of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- The
University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sayma Azeem
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tung Chang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Che Kung
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Liu W, Wang X, Liu R, Liao Y, Peng Z, Jiang H, Jing Q, Xing Y. Efficient delivery of a large-size Cas9-EGFP vector in porcine fetal fibroblasts using a Lonza 4D-Nucleofector system. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 37587435 PMCID: PMC10428654 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) are important donor cells for generating genetically modified pigs, but the transfection efficiencies of PFFs are often unsatisfactory especially when large-size vectors are to be delivered. In this study, we aimed to optimize the transfection conditions for delivery of a large-size vector in PFFs using Lonza 4D-Nucleofector™ vessels and strips. METHODS We firstly delivered a 13 kb Cas9-EGFP and a 3.5 kb pMAX-GFP vector into PFFs via 7 programs recommended by the Lonza basic protocol. We then tested 6 customized dual-electroporation programs for delivering the 13 kb plasmid into PFFs. In addition, we screened potential alternative electroporation buffers to the Nucleofector™ P3 solution. Finally, three CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNAs targeting Rosa26, H11, and Cep112 loci were delivered into PFFs with different single and dual-electroporation programs. RESULTS Notably lower transfection efficiencies were observed when delivering the 13 kb vector than delivering the 3.5 kb vector in PFFs via the single-electroporation programs. The customized dual-electroporation program FF-113 + CA-137 exhibited higher transfection efficiencies than any of the single-electroporation programs using vessels (98.1%) or strips (89.1%) with acceptable survival rates for the 13 kb vector. Entranster-E buffer generated similar transfection efficiencies and 24-hour survival rates to those from the P3 solution, thus can be used as an alternative electroporation buffer. In the genome-editing experiments, the FF-113 + CA-137 and CA-137 + CA-137 programs showed significantly superior (P < 0.01) efficiencies to ones from the single-electroporation programs in vessels and strips. Entranster-E buffer produced higher indel efficiencies than the P3 buffer. CONCLUSIONS We markedly increased the delivery efficiencies for a large vector via customized dual-electroporation programs using Lonza 4D-Nucleofector™ system, and Entranster-E buffer can be used as an alternative electroporation buffer to Nucleofector™ P3 buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ruirong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yaya Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Kim YM, Kim HJ. Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 is Toxic and Inhibits the Proliferation of Rat Neural Stem Cells but Increases BDNF Expression to Protect Neurons. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111507. [PMID: 33147870 PMCID: PMC7692322 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein expression is essential for maintaining normal cell function. Proteasomes play important roles in protein degradation and dysregulation of proteasomes is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, using a proteasome inhibitor MG132, we showed that proteasome inhibition reduces neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and is toxic to NSCs. Interestingly, MG132 treatment increased the percentage of neurons in both proliferation and differentiation culture conditions of NSCs. Proteasome inhibition reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein ratio. In addition, MG132 treatment induced cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcripts and proteins. These data suggest that proteasome function is important for NSC survival and differentiation. Moreover, although MG132 is toxic to NSCs, it may increase neurogenesis. Therefore, by modifying MG132 chemical structure and developing none toxic proteasome inhibitors, neurogenic chemicals can be developed to control NSC cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5619; Fax: +82-2-816-7338
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Lee HR, Lee J, Kim HJ. Differential effects of MEK inhibitors on rat neural stem cell differentiation: Repressive roles of MEK2 in neurogenesis and induction of astrocytogenesis by PD98059. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104466. [PMID: 31562895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia depending on the culture environment. However, the underlying mechanisms determining the fate of NSCs are not fully understood. Growth factors facilitate NSC proliferation through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and MAPK activation, and NSCs differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes when mitogens are withdrawn from the culture media. Here, we aimed to identify the effects and roles of MEK signaling on the determination of NSC fate. MEK inhibitors, U0126, SL327, and PD98059, had differential effects on NSC differentiation. U0126 and SL327, which are known to inhibit MEK1 and MEK2, induced neuronal differentiation, whereas PD98059, which is reported to preferentially inhibit MEK1 at higher concentrations, increased astrocytogenesis. Knockdown of MEK2 using small interfering RNA increased neurogenesis and over-expression of wild type (WT) MEK2 inhibited neurogenesis, suggesting a repressive role of MEK2 in neuronal differentiation. The chemical structure of PD98059 appears to be important for induction of astrocytogenesis because not only PD98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone) but also its chemical structural mimetic, 3'-methoxyflavone, enhanced astrocytogenesis. Therefore, in our study, we suggest that MEK inhibitors have distinct functions in determining NSC fate. Inhibition of MEK2 is important for induction of neurogenesis in NSCs. U0126 and SL327 increase neurogenesis through MEK2 inhibition, whereas PD98059 induced astrocytogenesis in NSCs, which is mediated by the chemical structure, particularly the 3'-methoxy group rather than its renowned MEK1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HR, Farhanullah, Lee J, Jajoo R, Kong SY, Shin JY, Kim JO, Lee J, Lee J, Kim HJ. Discovery of a Small Molecule that Enhances Astrocytogenesis by Activation of STAT3, SMAD1/5/8, and ERK1/2 via Induction of Cytokines in Neural Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:90-9. [PMID: 26505647 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of small molecules that direct neural stem cells (NSCs) into specific cell types would be helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of NSC fate, and facilitate the development of therapeutic applications. In the current study, we developed and screened small molecules that can modulate the fate of NSCs that are derived from rat fetal cortex. Among these compounds, compounds 5 and 6 successfully differentiated NSCs into astrocytes and neurons, respectively. Compound 5 induced astrocytogenesis by increasing expression of interleukin-6, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and leukemia inhibitory factor and through consequent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Sma- and Mad-related protein 1/5/8 in NSCs. In addition, compound 5 increased the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF8 which may regulate the branching and morphology of astrocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that these small molecules can serve as a useful tool to study cell fate determination in NSCs and be used as an inexpensive alternative to cytokines to study mechanisms of astrocytogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Rim Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Farhanullah
- GVK Bioscience Pvt
Ltd, Hyderabad-500076, India
| | - JiSoo Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Rahul Jajoo
- GVK Bioscience Pvt
Ltd, Hyderabad-500076, India
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Shin
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory
Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department
of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Shin JY, Kong SY, Yoon HJ, Ann J, Lee J, Kim HJ. An Aminopropyl Carbazole Derivative Induces Neurogenesis by Increasing Final Cell Division in Neural Stem Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:313-9. [PMID: 26157546 PMCID: PMC4489824 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
P7C3 and its derivatives, 1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(p-tolylamino)propan-2-ol (1) and N-(3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (2), were previously reported to increase neurogenesis in rat neural stem cells (NSCs). Although P7C3 is known to increase neurogenesis by protecting newborn neurons, it is not known whether its derivatives also have protective effects to increase neurogenesis. In the current study, we examined how 1 induces neurogenesis. The treatment of 1 in NSCs increased numbers of cells in the absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), while not affecting those in the presence of growth factors. Compound 1 did not induce astrocytogenesis during NSC differentiation. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulsing experiments showed that 1 significantly enhanced BrdU-positive neurons. Taken together, our data suggest that 1 promotes neurogenesis by the induction of final cell division during NSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
| | - Hye Jin Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
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Kuwanon V inhibits proliferation, promotes cell survival and increases neurogenesis of neural stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118188. [PMID: 25706719 PMCID: PMC4338147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia. Regulation of NSC fate by small molecules is important for the generation of a certain type of cell. The identification of small molecules that can induce new neurons from NSCs could facilitate regenerative medicine and drug development for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we screened natural compounds to identify molecules that are effective on NSC cell fate determination. We found that Kuwanon V (KWV), which was isolated from the mulberry tree (Morus bombycis) root, increased neurogenesis in rat NSCs. In addition, during NSC differentiation, KWV increased cell survival and inhibited cell proliferation as shown by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine pulse experiments, Ki67 immunostaining and neurosphere forming assays. Interestingly, KWV enhanced neuronal differentiation and decreased NSC proliferation even in the presence of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2. KWV treatment of NSCs reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, increased mRNA expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, down-regulated Notch/Hairy expression levels and up-regulated microRNA miR-9, miR-29a and miR-181a. Taken together, our data suggest that KWV modulates NSC fate to induce neurogenesis, and it may be considered as a new drug candidate that can regenerate or protect neurons in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Aminopropyl carbazole analogues as potent enhancers of neurogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7165-74. [PMID: 24095011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are multipotent and self-renewing cells that can differentiate into new neurons and hold great promise for treating various neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Small molecules that can trigger neurogenesis and neuroprotection are particularly useful not only because of their therapeutic implications but also because they can provide an invaluable tool to study the mechanisms of neurogenesis. In this report, we have developed and screened 25 aminopropyl carbazole derivatives that can enhance neurogenesis of cultured neural stem cells. Among these analogues, compound 9 demonstrated an excellent proneurogenic and neuroprotective activity with no apparent toxicity. We believe that compound 9 can serve as an excellent lead to develop various analogues and to study the underlying mechanisms of neurogenesis.
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