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Raoofi A, Omraninava M, Javan R, Maghsodi D, Rustamzadeh A, Nasiry D, Ghaemi A. Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate in the mice induced by chronic scrotal hyperthermia. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102165. [PMID: 37480630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common complications of chronic scrotal hyperthermia (SHT) is a serious disorder in the male reproductive system. The most important factor in the occurrence of these disorders is oxidative stress. Currently, we investigated the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as a highly potent antioxidant, against cells and tissue disorders in mice affected by chronic SHT. Fifty-six male adult NMRI mice were allocated into seven equal groups. Except the non-treated (Control) group, six other groups were exposed to heat stress. Two treated groups including Preventive and Curative received oral administration of EGCG (50 mg/kg/day) starting immediately before heat exposure and fifteen consecutive days after the end of the heat exposure, respectively. For each treated group, two subgroups including positive control (Pre/Cur + PC groups) and vehicle (Pre/Cur + vehicle groups) were considered. At the end of the study, sperm characteristics, testosterone levels, stereological parameters, apoptosis, oxidant state, and molecular assessments were performed. We found that the sperm parameters, testosterone levels, the numerical density of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, sertoli, leydig cells, and seminiferous tubules, biochemical factors (except MDA), and expression of c-kit gene were significantly higher in the Preventive and Curative groups, especially in Preventive ones, compared to other groups (P < 0.05). This is while expression of HSP72 and NF-κβ genes, MDA levels, as well as density of apoptotic cells considerably decreased in both EGCG-treated groups compared to other groups and it was more pronounced in Preventive ones (P < 0.05). Generally, EGCG attenuated cellular and molecular disorders induced by heat stress in the testis and it was more pronounced in Preventive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Melody Omraninava
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Javan
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Maghsodi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Auob Rustamzadeh
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghaemi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Shafeek F, El-Kashef DH, Abu-Elsaad N, Ibrahim T. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in combination with corticosteroids mitigates heat stress-induced acute kidney injury through modulating heat shock protein 70 and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3559-3571. [PMID: 37092712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, recurrent heat stress (HS) and dehydration have been exhibited to give rise to kidney disease epidemic in hot regions. The current study was carried out to estimate a possible renoprotective effect of dexamethasone (Dexa) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a heat shock protein (HSP)-70 inhibitor on HS-induced nephropathy. In total, five groups of rats were used: control group, HS group (exposed to heat for 40 min), Dexa+HS group (rats were injected with Dexa i.p.15 mg/kg/day for 3 days followed by HS), EGCG+HS group (rats received EGCG 100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 days followed by HS), and EGCG+ Dexa +HS group (rats received EGCG 100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 days and injected Dexa as described along the last 3 days followed by HS). Kidney sections were stained with H&E and scored for tubular injury. A marked increase in creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, HSP-70, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and Caspase-3 expression was observed after HS induction (p < 0.001). Treatment with EGCG combined with Dexa notably reduced tubular injury, MCP-1, HSP-70, NF-κB, and TLR-4 levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, it increased IL-10, antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2 expression levels in the kidney (p < 0.001). This renoprotective impact might be attributed to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms besides interfering with TLR-4-mediated NF-κB activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shafeek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Bešlo D, Došlić G, Agić D, Rastija V, Šperanda M, Gantner V, Lučić B. Polyphenols in Ruminant Nutrition and Their Effects on Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:970. [PMID: 35624834 PMCID: PMC9137580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of domestic animals with diets in which polyphenols are present is increasingly attracting the attention of nutritionists and scientists. This review summarizes the knowledge regarding polyphenols' possible positive and negative effects and their bioavailability. The bioavailability of substances is a prerequisite for any postabsorption effect in vivo. Positive and negative properties have been confirmed in previous studies on the diets of domestic animals rich in polyphenols, such as secondary metabolites of plants. Free radicals are formed in every organism, leading to oxidative stress. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules and can react in cells with macromolecules and can cause damage, including in reproductive cells. Some polyphenols at specific concentrations have antioxidant properties that positively affect animal reproduction by improving the quality of male and female gametes. The intake of phytoestrogens that mimic estrogen function can induce various pathological conditions in the female reproductive tract, including ovarian, fallopian, and uterine dysfunction. The metabolism of genistein and daidzein yields the metabolites equol and p-phenyl-phenol, leading to a decline in cow fertilization. The findings so far confirm that numerous questions still need to be answered. This review points out the importance of using polyphenols that have both benificial and some unfavorable properties in specific diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Gloria Došlić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Vesna Gantner
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Bono Lučić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, NMR Centre, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang Y, Lin H, Liu C, Huang J, Liu Z. A review for physiological activities of EGCG and the role in improving fertility in humans/mammals. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110186. [PMID: 32559843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a secondary metabolite in green tea, which has various physiological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities. Studies have shown that EGCG has a preventive effect on infertility by protecting germ cells and oocytes from damage. EGCG functions mainly through the regulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, which affect the expression of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), has positive influence on other enzyme activities in germ cells and oocytes, and actively alters antioxidant activities. These enzymes above can inhibit the activation of extracellular signal-regulated proteins (Erk), induce apoptosis, and control the production of ROS in tissue cells. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying the main physiological activities of EGCG, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities, and their potential roles in male and female reproductive systems and fertility. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which EGCG retards the infertility of germ cells and oocytes and provides a supportive recommendation for improving fertility in humans and animals. We hope it will provide useful references for related research in mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Changwei Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianan Huang
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
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The Thioredoxin System is Regulated by the ASK-1/JNK/p38/Survivin Pathway During Germ Cell Apoptosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183333. [PMID: 31547465 PMCID: PMC6767173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to explore the mechanism of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1) signaling pathway and the involvement of the thioredoxin (Trx) system during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) by using ASK-1 specific inhibitor, NQDI-1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36, 250–300 g) were equally divided into 3 groups: sham, tIRI, and tIRI + NQDI-1 (10 mg/kg, i.p, pre-reperfusion). For tIRI induction, the testicular cord and artery were occluded for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Histological analyses, protein immunoexpression, biochemical assays, and real-time PCR were used to evaluate spermatogenesis, ASK-1/Trx axis expression, enzyme activities, and relative mRNA expression, respectively. During tIRI, ipsilateral testes underwent oxidative stress indicated by low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH), increased oxidative damage to lipids and DNA, and spermatogenic damage. This was associated with induced mRNA expression of pro-apoptosis genes, downregulation of antiapoptosis genes, increased caspase 3 activity and activation of the ASK-1/JNK/p38/survivin apoptosis pathway. In parallel, the expression of Trx, Trx reductase were significantly reduced, while the expression of Trx interacting protein (TXNIP) and the NADP+/ nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) ratio were increased. These modulations were attenuated by NQDI-1 treatment. In conclusion, the Trx system is regulated by the ASK-1/Trx/TXNIP axis to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and is linked to tIRI-induced germ cell apoptosis via the ASK-1/JNK/p38/survivin apoptosis pathway.
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Fouad AA, Qutub HO, Fouad AEA, Audeh AM, Al-Melhim WN. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate counters cisplatin toxicity of rat testes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1710-1714. [PMID: 28478745 PMCID: PMC6130736 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1322618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EG), the main active flavonoid in green tea, has well-known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities. OBJECTIVE The EG protection against testicular injury induced by cisplatin was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cisplatin (10 mg/kg, i.p) was given as a single injection to rats. EG was given at 40 and 80 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 5 days, starting the same day of cisplatin insult. Serum testosterone, and testicular malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, cytochrome C, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 were measured. In addition, testicular histopathological examination and immunohistochemical expression of testicular tumour necrosis factor-α were evaluated. RESULTS Cisplatin, compared to the control, significantly decreased serum testosterone (6.48 ± 0.7 vs. 50.8 ± 4.91 ng/10 mL), and testicular tissue antioxidant status (17.3 ± 1.21 vs. 64.12 ± 5.4 μmol/g), and significantly increased interleukin-6 (85.81 ± 6.11 vs. 38.2 ± 2.79 pg/100 mg), interleukin-1β (98.09 ± 8.31 vs. 32.52 ± 2.08 pg/100 mg), malondialdehyde (74.5 ± 5.88 vs. 23.8 ± 1.91 nmol/g), nitric oxide (104.98 ± 8.5 vs. 52.68 ± 5.12 nmol/100 mg), cytochrome C (5.97 ± 0.33 vs. 1.6 ± 0.99 ng/mg protein), Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (4.01 ± 0.38 vs. 0.71 ± 0.0), and caspase-3 (3.2 ± 0.21 vs. 0.98 ± 0.08 O.D. 405 nm) in rat testes. EG (40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively) caused significant increases of serum testosterone (33.9 ± 2.89 and 47.88 ± 4.4 ng/10 mL), and testicular antioxidant status (47.1 ± 3.92 and 58.22 ± 3.58 μmol/g), and significant decreases of interleukin-6 (57.39 ± 4.2 and 48.18 ± 3.98 pg/100 mg), interleukin-1β (65.12 ± 5.88 and 41.96 ± 3.51 pg/100 mg), malondialdehyde (42.3 ± 3.9 and 28.67 ± 2.49 nmol/g), nitric oxide (70.6 ± 6.79 and 61.31 ± 5.18 nmol/100 mg), cytochrome C (3.4 ± 0.27 and 2.21 ± 0.18 ng/mg protein), Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (1.49 ± 0.14 and 1.1 ± 0.09), and caspase-3 (2.1 ± 0.17 and 1.48 ± 0.13 O.D. 405 nm) in testes of cisplatin-treated rats. Additionally, both doses of EG significantly ameliorated the histopathological injury and reduced tumour necrosis factor-α expression in rat testes. CONCLUSION EG can afford testicular protection in cisplatin-challenged rats by its antioxidant, antinitrative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A. Fouad
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hatem O. Qutub
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abo Elyazied A. Fouad
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Audeh
- Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid N. Al-Melhim
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Division of Histopathology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on arsenic induced testicular toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:685-694. [PMID: 29040955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, often referred to as the king of poisons is carcinogenic in humans and animals. It affects multiorgan systems including reproduction. The present study was undertaken to explore the protective role of green tea compound, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on arsenic induced testicular toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Thirty two adult male mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n=8). Group I served as control without test chemical. The group II received arsenic (200ppm) through drinking water, group III received only EGCG (20mg/kgb.wt., intraperitoneally, alternate days) and group IV was administered arsenic+EGCG for 40days. Factorial experimental design was employed to assess the treatment effect. The EGCG restored arsenic induced decrements in epididymal sperm concentration, kinematic attributes (total motility, rapid, progressive motile, fast progressive, VSL, VAP, VCL, BCF, LIN, WOB, STR and Type A), structutal membrane integrity, functional membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. As evidenced by the histoarchitectural studies, the EGCG reversed the deleterious effects of arsenic on testicular malondialdehyde (p<0.05) levels, reduced glutathione, antioxidative enzymes and spermatogenesis. Overall, the results suggest that EGCG reduces the testicular oxidative stress induced by arsenic poisoning and thereby protect the reproductive system.
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Splicing imbalances in basal-like breast cancer underpin perturbation of cell surface and oncogenic pathways and are associated with patients' survival. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40177. [PMID: 28059167 PMCID: PMC5216415 DOI: 10.1038/srep40177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in the use of transcriptional information to understand and classify breast cancers, the contribution of splicing to the establishment and progression of these tumours has only recently starting to emerge. Our work explores this lesser known landscape, with special focus on the basal-like breast cancer subtype where limited therapeutic opportunities and no prognostic biomarkers are currently available. Using ExonArray analysis of 176 breast cancers and 9 normal breast tissues we demonstrate that splicing levels significantly contribute to the diversity of breast cancer molecular subtypes and explain much of the differences compared with normal tissues. We identified pathways specifically affected by splicing imbalances whose perturbation would be hidden from a conventional gene-centric analysis of gene expression. We found that a large fraction of them involve cell-to-cell communication, extracellular matrix and transport, as well as oncogenic and immune-related pathways transduced by plasma membrane receptors. We identified 247 genes in which splicing imbalances are associated with clinical patients’ outcome, whilst no association was detectable at the gene expression level. These include the signaling gene TGFBR1, the proto-oncogene MYB as well as many immune-related genes such as CCR7 and FCRL3, reinforcing evidence for a role of immune components in influencing breast cancer patients’ prognosis.
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Ding J, Wang H, Wu ZB, Zhao J, Zhang S, Li W. Protection of murine spermatogenesis against ionizing radiation-induced testicular injury by a green tea polyphenol. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:6. [PMID: 25395675 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive polyphenol in green tea, exerts antiapoptotic activity and prevents tissue damage against different stimuli. Herein, we investigated the effects of EGCG treatment to simultaneously improve spermatogenesis following ionizing radiation (IR) (at a dose of 2 Gy). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg EGCG or vehicle control 3 days prior to the irradiation, and the treatment lasted intermittently for 24 days. Supplement with exogenous EGCG protected against short-term germ cell loss and attenuated IR-elicited testicular oxidative stress. Mechanistically, prosurvival effects of EGCG treatment upon IR stress were regulated, at least in part, via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/BCL2 family/caspase 3 pathway. Consistently, at post-IR Day 21, histological analyses revealed tubule damage, desquamation of germ cells, and impairment of caudal parameters in irradiated testis, which could be significantly improved by intermittent EGCG treatment. In addition, long-term EGCG application ameliorated the IR-induced blood-testicular barrier permeability and suppressed testicular steroidogenesis, thus exerting a stimulatory effect on the spermatogenic recovery. Collectively, EGCG appeared to efficiently prevent germ cells from radiation-induced cell death via multiple mechanisms. Employment of this bioactive polyphenol should be an attractive strategy to preserve fertility in males exposed to conventional radiation therapy and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Renno WM, Al-Maghrebi M, Rao MS, Khraishah H. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates spinal cord neuronal degeneration by enhancing growth-associated protein 43, B-cell lymphoma 2, and decreasing B-cell lymphoma 2-associated x protein expression after sciatic nerve crush injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 32:170-84. [PMID: 25025489 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have established that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has both neuroprotective and -regenerative capacity after sciatic nerve injury. Moreover, this improvement was evident on the behavioral level. The aim of this study was to investigate the central effects of ECGC on spinal cord motor neurons after sciatic nerve injury. Our study showed that administering 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally i.p. of EGCG to sciatic nerve-injured rats improved their performance on different motor functions and mechanical hyperesthesia neurobehavioral tests. Histological analysis of spinal cords of EGCG-treated sciatic nerve-injured (CRUSH+ECGC) animals showed an increase in the number of neurons in the anterior horn, when compared to the naïve, sham, and saline-treated sciatic nerve-injured (CRUSH) control groups. Additionally, immunohistochemical study of spinal cord sections revealed that EGCG reduced the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased the expression of growth-associated protein 43, a marker of regenerating axons. Finally, EGCG reduced the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein/Bcl-2 and increased the expression of survivin gene. This study may shed some light on the future clinical use of EGCG and its constituents in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Renno
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Safat, Kuwait
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Kim KC, Lee C. Reversal of Cisplatin resistance by epigallocatechin gallate is mediated by downregulation of axl and tyro 3 expression in human lung cancer cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:61-6. [PMID: 24634598 PMCID: PMC3951825 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the number one cause of death from cancer worldwide. The clinical effect of platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer is constrained by the resistance to drug. To overcome chemo-resistance, various modified treatment including combination therapy has been used, but overall survival has not been improved yet. In this study, chemo-resistant lung cancer cells, A549/Cis and H460/Cis, were developed by long-term exposure of cells to cisplatin and the proliferative capability of these resistant cells was verified to be reduced. We found cytotoxic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin derived from green tea, on both the parental lung cancer cells, A549 and H460, and their cisplatin resistant cells, A549/Cis and H460/Cis. ELISA and Western blot analysis revealed that EGCG was able to increase interlukine-6 (IL-6) production per cell, whereas its downstream effector Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation was not changed by EGCG, indicating that IL-6/STAT3 axis is not the critical signaling to be inhibited by EGCG. We next found that EGCG suppresses the expression of both Axl and Tyro 3 receptor tyrosine kinases at mRNA and protein level, explaining the cytotoxic effect of EGCG on lung cancer cells, especially, regardless of cisplatin resistance. Taken together, these data suggest that EGCG impedes proliferation of lung cancer cells including their chemo-resistant variants through downregulation of Axl and Tyro 3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea
| | - Chuhee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Korea
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