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Ahmad M, Ahmad T, Irfan HM, Noor N. Blood pressure-lowering and cardiovascular effects of plumbagin in rats: An insight into the underlying mechanisms. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100139. [PMID: 36568266 PMCID: PMC9780077 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plumbagin, a natural phenolic compound is investigated for response against blood pressure and vascular reactivity. Methodology Blood pressure lowering effects were observed by in-vivo invasive evaluation in normotensive rats, and in-vitro experimentation to measure changes of tension in isolated rat aorta and contractility in atria. Results The percentage decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) observed with plumbagin intravenously at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 μg/kg in normotensive rats was 7.16 ± 2.35, 15.5 ± 5.62, 19.5 ± 5.27, 26 ± 6.67, 34.33 ± 8.80, respectively. Plumbagin exerted vasorelaxant effects in rat aorta, unaffected by the removal of vascular endothelium, and L-NAME and methylene blue pretreatment. Plumbagin completely inhibited phenylephrine (1 μM) and High K+ (80 mM) induced contractions. Similar to a Ca+2 channel antagonist, plumbagin caused a rightward shift in the Ca+2 concentration-response-curves (CRCs), resembling nifedipine. Pre-incubation with plumbagin, significantly suppressed contractions induced by phenylephrine in Ca+2-free medium via disrupting Ca+2 release from intracellular stores. No change in vasorelaxant response was observed with the addition of potassium channel blockers, TEA and BaCl2. In rat atrial strips, plumbagin exerted significant negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. No significant change was observed with atropine and atenolol pretreatment, so the effect appeared independent of muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors. Conclusion This study suggests the blood pressure lowering effects of plumbagin. That could be contributed by a decrease in vascular resistance via calcium antagonism, interferences in calcium efflux, and depressive effects on the rate and force of cardiac contraction. Further studies would be necessary to probe deeper into the underlying mechanisms.
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Begum R, Thota S, Abdulkadir A, Kaur G, Bagam P, Batra S. NADPH oxidase family proteins: signaling dynamics to disease management. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:660-686. [PMID: 35585127 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive inflammation. Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of ROS. NOX is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits, two of which are localized in the membrane, while three are localized in the cytosol. In resting phagocytes, the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive; however, it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional oxidase. The NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal control, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies, resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free radicals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of ROS. The current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology, highlights pharmacological strategies, and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Shilpa Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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Yadav P, Iqbal H, Kumar K, Kumar P, Mishra D, Singh A, Pal A, Mukhopadhyay P, Vamadevan B, Singh D, Negi AS, Chanda D. 2-Benzyllawsone protects against polymicrobial sepsis and vascular hyporeactivity in swiss albino mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174757. [PMID: 35032484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel naphthoquinone, 2-benzyllawsone (LT-9) was evaluated against vascular hyporeactivity and sepsis in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in mice in view of its preliminary antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and to explore whether pretreatment with the molecule could restore vascular tone and contractile response to norepinephrine. METHODS Evaluation of LT-9 against vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, and sepsis-related inflammation and infection was carried out in the CLP model in Swiss albino mice and aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro. RESULTS LT-9 showed potent reversal of the vascular hyporeactivity in CLP mice aorta. The increased contraction response to norepinephrine in CLP mouse aorta by LT-9 was mediated by opening of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) verified by ex vivo experiment where LT-9 enhanced contraction response to CaCl2 in the aorta while abolishing the contraction response of known VDCC opener Bay K8644. LT-9 in aortic smooth muscle cells showed Fluo-4 mediated increase in calcium fluorescence. Oral administration of LT-9 at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 day-1 for 15 days significantly enhanced the mean survival time, improved hemodynamic and Electrocardiogram (ECG) profile, and aortic tissue reactivity in CLP mice. Further, LT-9 significantly reversed the perturbation of the expression profile of inflammatory cytokines, reduced the splenic microbial load, and was well tolerated in oral toxicity. CONCLUSIONS LT-9 showed potent biological activity against sepsis and was found to be well tolerated in the toxicity study in Swiss albino mice and showed promise for the benzyllawsone class of molecules against sepsis for the development of novel pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Yadav
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Hina Iqbal
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pradipto Mukhopadhyay
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Beena Vamadevan
- Regulatory Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Regulatory Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Chen X, Qi L, Su H, He Y, Li N, Gao Q, Li H, Xu T, Lu L, Xu Z, Tang J. Prenatal hypoxia attenuated contraction of offspring coronary artery associated with decreased PKCβ Ser 660 phosphorylation and intracellular calcium. Life Sci 2020; 261:118364. [PMID: 32866516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prenatal hypoxia (PH) could affect peripheral vascular tone of the offspring, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adult. However, it's still unknown whether functions of coronary arteries (COA) in adult offspring would be influenced by PH. The present study aimed at effects of PH on vascular tone of COA and its related mechanisms. METHODS Coronary arteries of adult offspring exposed to hypoxic or normoxic circumstances during gestational day 5 to 21 were collected. Wire myograph system, whole-cell patch clamp technique, IonOptix MyoCam system, PCR, and western blot were used to detect vascular function of adult offspring COA. KEY FINDINGS PH significantly attenuated serotonin- and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu)-induced constriction. Iberiotoxin potentiated PDBu-induced constriction and the effect was augmented by PH, however, no significant differences were found in whole-cell BKCa channel currents and its protein expression. Nifedipine inhibited PDBu-mediated constriction and the inhibitory effect was reduced in PH group, and whole-cell calcium channel current was decreased in offspring COA. Besides, PH reduced the capability of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum in COA. The phosphorylated PKCβ protein expression at Ser660 site, not Thr641 site, was significantly decreased in PH offspring. Chronic hypoxia during pregnancy attenuated PDBu-mediated constriction in offspring COA, presumably through decreased phosphorylated PKCβ at serine660 sites and decreased intracellular calcium-related weaker PKC activation. SIGNIFICANCE The findings provided new information on the influence of prenatal hypoxia on COA, and suggested potential use of PKCβ-serine660 for early prevention of coronary heart diseases in developmental origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Linglu Qi
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun He
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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