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Qin Y, Song D, Liao S, Chen J, Xu M, Su Y, Lian H, Peng H, Wei L, Chen K, Xu J, Zhao J, Liu Q. Isosinensetin alleviates estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis via suppressing ROS-mediated NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114347. [PMID: 36746095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of osteoclasts and their hyperactive bone resorption are related to the aggregation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flavonoids, derived from plant active ingredients, can alleviate the symptoms of osteoporosis (OP). Isosinensetin (Iss) is a flavonoid with antioxidant effects obtained mainly from citrus fruits, and its effect on osteoclastogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Iss on osteoclast differentiation and function, as well as the therapeutic impact of Iss on OP. We found that Iss inhibited osteoclastogenesis and suppressed the bone resorption function of osteoclasts. Additionally, Iss reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced intracellular ROS. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, we further found that Iss inhibited osteoclast-specific genes and related proteins, while promoting the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes and proteins. Mechanistically, Iss reduces intracellular ROS by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related antioxidant enzymes and inhibits the downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways of ROS, which in turn inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), and ultimately inhibits osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) assay and histological analyses, we found that Iss could reduce bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Therefore, Iss has the potential as an OP preventative and therapeutic drug option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Qin
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Junchun Chen
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Minglian Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Haoyu Lian
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Linhua Wei
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China.
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A Review of Signaling Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179846. [PMID: 36077242 PMCID: PMC9456406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is an ongoing rigorous course that includes osteoclast precursors fusion and bone resorption executed by degradative enzymes. Osteoclastogenesis is controlled by endogenous signaling and/or regulators or affected by exogenous conditions and can also be controlled both internally and externally. More evidence indicates that autophagy, inflammation, and immunity are closely related to osteoclastogenesis and involve multiple intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes and autophagosomes) and certain inflammatory or immunological factors. Based on the literature on osteoclastogenesis induced by different regulatory aspects, emerging basic cross-studies have reported the emerging disquisitive orientation for osteoclast differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize the partial potential therapeutic targets for osteoclast differentiation and function, including the signaling pathways and various cellular processes.
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Targeting Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with Nutraceuticals: A Practical Strategy for Preserving Bone Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094776. [PMID: 35563167 PMCID: PMC9104509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vast pre-clinical literature suggesting that certain nutraceuticals have the potential to aid the preservation of bone mass in the context of estrogen withdrawal, glucocorticoid treatment, chronic inflammation, or aging. In an effort to bring some logical clarity to these findings, the signaling pathways regulating osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast induction, activity, and survival are briefly reviewed in the present study. The focus is placed on the following factors: the mechanisms that induce and activate the RUNX2 transcription factor, a key driver of osteoblast differentiation and function; the promotion of autophagy and prevention of apoptosis in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; and the induction and activation of NFATc1, which promotes the expression of many proteins required for osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. This analysis suggests that the activation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the Nrf2 transcription factor, and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) can be expected to aid the maintenance of bone mass, whereas the inhibition of the serine kinase CK2 should also be protective in this regard. Fortuitously, nutraceuticals are available to address each of these targets. Sirt1 activation can be promoted with ferulic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, melatonin, nicotinamide riboside, glucosamine, and thymoquinone. Berberine, such as the drug metformin, is a clinically useful activator of AMPK. Many agents, including lipoic acid, melatonin, thymoquinone, astaxanthin, and crucifera-derived sulforaphane, can promote Nrf2 activity. Pharmacological doses of biotin can directly stimulate sGC. Additionally, certain flavonols, notably quercetin, can inhibit CK2 in high nanomolar concentrations that may be clinically relevant. Many, though not all, of these agents have shown favorable effects on bone density and structure in rodent models of bone loss. Complex nutraceutical regimens providing a selection of these nutraceuticals in clinically meaningful doses may have an important potential for preserving bone health. Concurrent supplementation with taurine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamins D and K2, and minerals, including magnesium, zinc, and manganese, plus a diet naturally high in potassium, may also be helpful in this regard.
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Zhu S, Hu X, Bennett S, Xu J, Mai Y. The Molecular Structure and Role of Humanin in Neural and Skeletal Diseases, and in Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823354. [PMID: 35372353 PMCID: PMC8965846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) belongs to a member of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) which are encoded by mitochondrial genes. HN shares sequence homology with thirteen HN-like proteins, named MTRNR2L1 to MTRNR2L13, which encompass 24–28 amino acid residues in length. HN mediates mitochondrial status and cell survival by acting via an intracellular mechanism, or as a secreted factor via extracellular signals. Intracellularly, it binds Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX), Bim and tBid, and IGFBP3 to inhibit caspase activity and cell apoptosis. When released from cells as a secreted peptide, HN interacts with G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1/2) to mediate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathways. Additionally, it interacts with CNTFR-α/gp130/WSX-1 trimeric receptors to induce JAK2/STA3 signalling cascades. HN also binds soluble extracellular proteins such as VSTM2L and IGFBP3 to modulate cytoprotection. It is reported that HN plays a role in neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as in diabetes mellitus, infertility, and cardiac diseases. Its roles in the skeletal system are emerging, where it appears to be involved with the regulation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Understanding the molecular structure and role of HN in neural and skeletal diseases is vital to the application of HN in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Yuliang Mai,
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliang Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Yuliang Mai,
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Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Short Mitochondrial-produced Peptides for Anabolic Osteogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim SJ, Devgan A, Miller B, Lee SM, Kumagai H, Wilson KA, Wassef G, Wong R, Mehta HH, Cohen P, Yen K. Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130017. [PMID: 34624450 PMCID: PMC8595716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism, is essential for cell survival. The decline of autophagy function has been implicated in various diseases as well as aging. Although mitochondria play a key role in the autophagy process, whether mitochondrial-derived peptides are involved in this process has not been explored. METHODS We developed a high through put screening method to identify potential autophagy inducers among mitochondrial-derived peptides. We used three different cell lines, mice, c.elegans, and a human cohort to validate the observation. RESULTS Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, increases autophagy and maintains autophagy flux in several cell types. Humanin administration increases the expression of autophagy-related genes and lowers accumulation of harmful misfolded proteins in mice skeletal muscle, suggesting that humanin-induced autophagy potentially contributes to the improved skeletal function. Moreover, autophagy is a critical role in humanin-induced lifespan extension in C. elegans. CONCLUSIONS Humanin is an autophagy inducer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This paper presents a significant, novel discovery regarding the role of the mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in autophagy regulation and as a possible therapeutic target for autophagy in various age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Devgan
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Mool Lee
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Gabriella Wassef
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Wong
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cho KM, Kim YS, Lee M, Lee HY, Bae YS. Isovaleric acid ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4287-4297. [PMID: 33768674 PMCID: PMC8093970 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) play important roles in bone remodelling and contribute to bone loss by increasing bone resorption activity. Excessively activated OCs cause diverse bone disorders including osteoporosis. Isovaleric acid (IVA), also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid is a 5-carbon branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), which can be generated by bacterial fermentation of a leucine-rich diet. Here, we find that IVA suppresses differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages into OCs by RANKL. IVA inhibited the expression of OC-related genes. IVA-induced inhibitory effects on OC generation were attenuated by pertussis toxin but not by H89, suggesting a Gi -coupled receptor-dependent but protein kinase A-independent response. Moreover, IVA stimulates AMPK phosphorylation, and treatment with an AMPK inhibitor blocks IVA-induced inhibition of OC generation. In an ovariectomized mouse model, addition of IVA to the drinking water resulted in significant decrease of body weight gain and inhibited the expression of not only OC-related genes but also fusogenic genes in the bone tissue. IVA exposure also blocked bone destruction and OC generation in the bone tissue of ovariectomized mice. Collectively, the results demonstrate that IVA is a novel bioactive BCFA that inhibits OC differentiation, suggesting that IVA can be considered a useful material to control osteoclast-associated bone disorders, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Min Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ye Seon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Cai H, Liu Y, Men H, Zheng Y. Protective Mechanism of Humanin Against Oxidative Stress in Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:683151. [PMID: 34177809 PMCID: PMC8222669 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.683151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of intercellular signal transduction. Oxidative and antioxidation systems maintain a dynamic balance under physiological conditions. Increases in ROS levels destroy the dynamic balance, leading to oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of aging-related cardiovascular diseases (ACVD), such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, by contributing to apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria is the main source of ROS. Increasing evidence demonstrates the relationship between ACVD and humanin (HN), an endogenous peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. HN protects cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts from oxidative stress, highlighting its protective role in atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Herein, we reviewed the signaling pathways associated with the HN effects on redox signals, including Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), c-jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, we discussed the relationship among HN, redox signaling pathways, and ACVD. Finally, we propose that HN may be a candidate drug for ACVD.
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Hazafa A, Batool A, Ahmad S, Amjad M, Chaudhry SN, Asad J, Ghuman HF, Khan HM, Naeem M, Ghani U. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. Life Sci 2021; 264:118679. [PMID: 33130077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells, neurons, tissues against cellular stress conditions and apoptosis through regulating various signaling mechanisms, such as JAK/STAT pathway and interaction of BCL-2 family of protein. HN is an essential cytoprotective peptide in the human body that regulates mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. The present review aims to evaluate HN peptide's antiapoptotic activities as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus, male infertility, bone-related diseases, cardiac diseases, and brain diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, HN significantly suppressed the apoptosis during the treatment of bone osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. According to accumulated data, it is concluded that HN exerts the proapoptotic activity of TNF-α in cancer, which makes HN as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and suggested that along with HN, the development of another mitochondrial-derived peptide could be a viable therapeutic option against different oxidative stress and apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Nasir Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasham Feroz Ghuman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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