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Malik Z, Parveen R, Zahiruddin S, Gautam G, Husain SA, Ahmad S. HPTLC Stability Indicating Analytical Method of Andrographolide and 5-fluorouracil with Network Pharmacology Analysis against Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:894-909. [PMID: 37303181 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230609104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal drugs when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs can reduce the side effects and increase the efficacy by acting on multiple targets. Andrographolide (AG), a diterpene lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, is a bioactive compound with anticancer potential, and 5-fluorouracil (FU), a pyrimidine analogue, is used in the treatment of cancer. Both drugs are used to formulate combination nanoformulation to increase absorption, thereby increasing their oral bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop and validate stability indicating simultaneous HPTLC method for quantification of FU and AG in combination nanoformulation along with in silico docking and network pharmacology analysis to understand the interaction between the drugs and cancer targets. METHODS Chromatographic separation was performed using mobile phase chloroform: methanol: formic acid (9: 0.5: 0.5, v/v/v) on HPTLC silica plates 60 F254 as a stationary phase using UV-Vis detector and HPTLC scanner at 254 nm. Further, in silico docking analysis was performed to predict the binding affinity of AG and FU with different proteins and network pharmacology to find out the exact biomolecular relationship of AG and FU in alleviating cancer. RESULTS The data from the calibration curve showed a good linear regression relationship with r² = 0.9981 (FU) and r² = 0.9977 (AG) in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 μg/mL. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Stability studies showed changes in peak patterns and areas. Bioinformatic and network pharmacology analyses of AG and FU with target proteins and genes associated with cancer play a multimechanistic role in alleviating cancer. CONCLUSION The developed method has been concluded to be robust, simple, precise, reproducible, accurate, and stability indicating for simultaneous quantification of AG and FU, and the molecular interaction studies have further indicated that the combination nanoformulation of AG and FU could be effective against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Malik
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Gaurav Gautam
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
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Komm C, Rochani A, Fox T, Kaushal G. Stability of extemporaneously compounded 5-fluorouracil utilizing high performance liquid chromatography. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:1-7. [PMID: 35264469 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to determine stability of compounded 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in Intravia™ bags and CADD™ cassettes stored up to 15 days under refrigeration (2-8°C) and room temperature (25°C with 60% relative humidity), with four different concentrations (20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL) and two diluents (0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose). A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to analyze the 5-FU concentrations. The stability of compounded 5-FU infusions was investigated using this method. Two samples from each storage condition were assessed for stability on days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 15 as per United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines. The assay of 5-FU was done utilizing a calibrated stability-indicating HPLC method. The stability-indicating HPLC assay showed 5-FU completely degraded within 1 hour in basic conditions. No cloudiness or color change was observed during the stability study. Precipitation was observed in the CADD™ cassettes at day 15 in both storage conditions and at day 10 in a single room-temperature CADD™ cassette for 40 mg/mL in 5% dextrose (D5W). HPLC assay revealed the infusions in CADD™ cassettes retained greater than 90% of the initial concentrations of 5-FU for 15 days stored at room temperature (25°C and 60% relative humidity) and for 10 days at refrigeration (2-8°C). Intravia™ bags retained stability through 15 days for all the compounded 5-FU concentrations and both the storage conditions. 5-FU infusions in both CADD™ cassettes and Intravia™ bags were stable for extendable periods in multiple concentrations compared to recommended guidelines for hospital use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Komm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ankit Rochani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Fox
- Jefferson Home Infusion Service, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Gagan Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Arafat M, Song Y, Brewer K, Fouladian P, Parikh A, Albrecht H, Blencowe A, Garg S. Pharmaceutical Development of 5-Fluorouracil-Eluting Stents for the Potential Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Related Obstructions. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1495-1507. [PMID: 33859473 PMCID: PMC8043784 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s299401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-eluting gastrointestinal (GI) stents are emerging as promising platforms for the treatment of GI cancers and provide the combined advantages of mechanical support to prevent lumen occlusion and as a reservoir for localized drug delivery to tumors. Therefore, in this work we present a detailed quality assurance study of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) drug-eluting stents (DESs) as potential candidates for the treatment of obstructive GI cancers. METHODS The 5FU DESs were fabricated via a simple two-step sequential dip-coating process of commercial GI self-expanding nitinol stents with a 5FU-loaded polyurethane basecoat and a drug-free protective poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) topcoat. The drug loading, content uniformity and drug stability were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, which is also recommended in the United States Pharmacopeia. In vitro drug release studies were performed in phosphate buffered saline to determine the drug releasing properties of the two 5FU-loaded stents. Gas chromatography (GC) and HPLC were employed to determine total residual tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide in the stents remaining from the manufacturing process. Sterilization of the stents was performed using gamma radiation and stability testing was carried out for 3 months. RESULTS The drug loading analysis revealed excellent uniformity in the distribution of 5FU between and within individual stents. Determination of drug stability in the biorelevant release media confirmed that 5FU remains stable over 100 d. In vitro drug release studies from the stents revealed sustained release of 5FU across two different time scales (161 and 30 d), and mathematical modeling of drug release profiles revealed a diffusion-controlled mechanism for the sustained 5FU release. GC and HPLC analysis revealed that the daily residual solvent leached from the stents was below the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, and therefore, unlikely to cause localized/systemic toxicities. Sterilization of the stents with gamma radiation and accelerated stability tests over a period of 3 months revealed no significant effect on the stability or in vitro release of 5FU. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the 5FU DESs meet relevant quality standards and display favourable drug release characteristics for the potential treatment of GI cancers and related obstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arafat
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kyle Brewer
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paris Fouladian
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Drug Discovery and Development Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Ratti M, Hahne JC, Toppo L, Castelli E, Petrelli F, Passalacqua R, Barni S, Tomasello G, Ghidini M. Major innovations and clinical applications of disodium-levofolinate: a review of available preclinical and clinical data. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853954. [PMID: 31210799 PMCID: PMC6552345 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of folinate salts with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represents a gold standard in the treatment of many cancers. In several clinical trials, the simultaneous administration of calcium–folinic acid (Ca-FA) and the prolonged infusion of 5-FU resulted in a better clinical response compared with fluoropyrimidine alone and 5-FU bolus. However, the simultaneous infusion of 5-FU and Ca-FA mixed in the same infusion pump is hindered by the crystallization of calcium salts, which eventually leads to catheter obstruction and damage. The sodium salt of leucovorin-disodium levofolinate (Na-Lv) is a novel molecule with a pharmacological profile similar to Ca-FA. Owing to its higher solubility, it can be safely mixed with 5-FU in a single pump without the risk of precipitation and catheter occlusion. The efficacy and safety of Na-Lv have been widely examined in preclinical and clinical phase II studies in combination with various schedules of 5-FU and in several cancer types. PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to November 2018 to retrieve available published phase I and II series, including Western patients. Compared with Ca-FA, Na-Lv shows a more favourable efficacy and toxicity profile in terms of overall response rate, progression-free survival, time to progression and occurrence of severe adverse events. Moreover, it allows treatment time to be shortened, decreasing the number of required human resources for drug administration and limiting the occurrence of catheter damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ratti
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, Hospital of Cremona, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Laura Toppo
- Oncology Unit, Dept Medicine, Hospital of Voghera, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, Hospital of Cremona, Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, Hospital of Cremona, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, Hospital of Cremona, Viale Concordia, 1, Cremona CR, 26100, Italy
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Chan CM, Frimberger AE, Moore AS. A literature review of reports of the stability and storage of common injectable chemotherapy agents used in veterinary patients. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1124-1135. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Chan
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | | | - A. S. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants; Wauchope NSW Australia
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Li Z, Yang C, Wu J, Zhang Y, Shi S, Li Y. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of disodium folinate following single intravenous doses in healthy Chinese subjects: an open-label, randomized, single-center study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:443-51. [PMID: 25173761 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The tolerability and pharmacokinetics of disodium folinate may vary with different races, and these variations might result in different outcomes. This study assessed the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of disodium folinate following single intravenous doses in healthy Chinese subjects, with gender factor also taken into account. Subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of disodium folinate at 20, 200, or 300 mg/m(2) administered intravenously over a time period of 10 min. Sequential blood samples were collected at regular intervals over 24 h after dosing and were analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including C max, AUC0-t, t 1/2, V d, and CL, were calculated using non-compartmental models. Tolerability was assessed by collecting adverse events (AEs) and monitoring vital signs, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. Following a single intravenous administration of disodium folinate 20, 200, and 300 mg/m(2), the mean (standard deviation) pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: C max = 5.18 (0.58), 47.80 (10.10), and 69.93 (9.72) µg/mL; AUC0-t = 25.85 (3.36), 194.53 (30.18), and 355.26 (35.31) µg h/mL; AUC0-∞ = 30.24 (6.19), 215.43 (27.34), and 417.88 (54.81) µg h/mL; t 1/2 = 8.77 (2.57), 7.64 (1.81), and 9.08 (1.64) h; CL = 1.12 (0.18), 1.55(0.25), and 0.78 (0.09) L/h; V d = 13.75 (2.61), 17.38 (6.44), and 10.05 (1.49) L, respectively. The mean C max, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ increased in a dose-proportional manner. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were noted by gender. The most common AEs reported were mild redness at the injection site and neurological symptoms (headache, dizziness, and fatigue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongfang Li
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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