1
|
Lazarou I, Moraitou D, Papatheodorou M, Vavouras I, Lokantidou C, Agogiatou C, Gialaoutzis M, Nikolopoulos S, Stavropoulos TG, Kompatsiaris I, Tsolaki M. Adaptation and Validation of the Memory Alteration Test (M@T) in Greek Middle-Aged, Older, and Older-Old Population with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1219-1232. [PMID: 34657882 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Memory Alteration Test (M@T) is a verbal episodic and semantic memory screening test able to detect subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE To adapt M@T, creating a Greek version of the Memory Alteration Test (M@T-GR), and to validate M@T-GR compared to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Subjective Cognitive Decline- Questionnaire (SCD-Q) MyCog and TheirCog. METHODS 232 people over 55 years old participated in the study and they were classified as healthy controls (HC, n = 65), SCD (n = 78), or MCI (n = 89). RESULTS The ANCOVA showed that the M@T-GR's total score was significantly different in HC and SCD (I-J = 2.26, p = 0.032), HC and MCI (I-J = 6.16, p < 0.0001), and SCD compared to MCI (I-J = 3.90, p < 0.0001). In particular, a cut-off score of 46.50 points had an 81%sensitivity and 61%specificity for discriminating HC from SCD (AUC = 0.76, p < 0.0001), while a cut-off score of 45.50 had a sensitivity of 92%and a specificity of 73%for discriminating MCI (AUC = 0.88, p < 0.0001), and a cut-off score of 45.50 points had a sensitivity of 63%and a specificity of 73%for discriminating SCD from those with MCI (AUC = 0.69, p < 0.0021). Exploratory factor analysis indicated that there was one factor explaining 38.46%of the total variance. Internal consistency was adequate (α= 0.75), while convergent validity was found between M@T-GR and MMSE (r = 0.37, p < 0.0001) and SCD-Q TheirCog (r = -0.32, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The M@T-GR is a good to fair screening tool with adequate discriminant validity for administration in people with SCD and MCI in Greece.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioulietta Lazarou
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, G.H. "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Papatheodorou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isaak Vavouras
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Lokantidou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Agogiatou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Moses Gialaoutzis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Nikolopoulos
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thanos G Stavropoulos
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kompatsiaris
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, G.H. "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsolaki M, Tsatali M, Gkioka M, Poptsi E, Tsolaki A, Papaliagkas V, Tabakis IM, Lazarou I, Makri M, Kazis D, Papagiannopoulos S, Kiryttopoulos A, Koutsouraki E, Tegos T. Memory Clinics and Day Care Centers in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece: 30 Years of Clinical Practice and Experience. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683131. [PMID: 34512506 PMCID: PMC8425245 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This review describes the diagnostic and interventional procedures conducted in two university memory clinics (established network of G. Papanikolaou Hospital: 1988–2017 and AHEPA hospital: 2017–today) and 2 day care centers (established network of DCCs: 2005–today) in North Greece and their contribution in the scientific field of dementia. The aims of this work are (1) to provide a diagnosis and treatment protocol established in the network of memory clinics and DCCs and (2) to present further research conducted in the aforementioned network during the last 30 years of clinical practice. Methods: The guidelines to set a protocol demand a series of actions as follows: (1) set the diagnosis criteria, neuropsychological assessment, laboratory examinations, and examination of neurophysiological, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and genetic markers; and (2) apply non-pharmacological interventions according to the needs and specialized psychosocial interventions of the patient to the caregivers of the patient. Results: In addition to the guidelines followed in memory clinics at the 1st and 3rd Department of Neurology and two DCCs, a database of patients, educational programs, and further participation in international research programs, including clinical trials, make our contribution in the dementia field strong. Conclusion: In the current paper, we provide useful guidelines on how major and minor neurocognitive disorders are being treated in Thessaloniki, Greece, describing successful practices which have been adapted in the last 30 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh) Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Tsatali
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mara Gkioka
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Poptsi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Sciences International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene-Maria Tabakis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioulietta Lazarou
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Makri
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- 3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios Papagiannopoulos
- 3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Kiryttopoulos
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efrosyni Koutsouraki
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Tegos
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ioulietta L, Kostas G, Spiros N, Vangelis OP, Anthoula T, Ioannis K, Magda T, Dimitris K. A Novel Connectome-Based Electrophysiological Study of Subjective Cognitive Decline Related to Alzheimer's Disease by Using Resting-State High-Density EEG EGI GES 300. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060392. [PMID: 32575641 PMCID: PMC7349850 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate for the first time the brain network in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum by implementing a high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG - EGI GES 300) study with 256 channels in order to seek if the brain connectome can be effectively used to distinguish cognitive impairment in preclinical stages. Methods: Twenty participants with AD, 30 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 20 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 22 healthy controls (HC) were examined with a detailed neuropsychological battery and 10 min resting state HD-EEG. We extracted correlation matrices by using Pearson correlation coefficients for each subject and constructed weighted undirected networks for calculating clustering coefficient (CC), strength (S) and betweenness centrality (BC) at global (256 electrodes) and local levels (29 parietal electrodes). Results: One-way ANOVA presented a statistically significant difference among the four groups at local level in CC [F (3, 88) = 4.76, p = 0.004] and S [F (3, 88) = 4.69, p = 0.004]. However, no statistically significant difference was found at a global level. According to the independent sample t-test, local CC was higher for HC [M (SD) = 0.79 (0.07)] compared with SCD [M (SD) = 0.72 (0.09)]; t (40) = 2.39, p = 0.02, MCI [M (SD) = 0.71 (0.09)]; t (50) = 0.41, p = 0.004 and AD [M (SD) = 0.68 (0.11)]; t (40) = 3.62, p = 0.001 as well, while BC showed an increase at a local level but a decrease at a global level as the disease progresses. These findings provide evidence that disruptions in brain networks in parietal organization may potentially represent a key factor in the ability to distinguish people at early stages of the AD continuum. Conclusions: The above findings reveal a dynamically disrupted network organization of preclinical stages, showing that SCD exhibits network disorganization with intermediate values between MCI and HC. Additionally, these pieces of evidence provide information on the usefulness of the 256 HD-EEG in network construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazarou Ioulietta
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
- 1st Department of Neurology, G.H. “AHEPA”, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgiadis Kostas
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
- Informatics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolopoulos Spiros
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Oikonomou P. Vangelis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsolaki Anthoula
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kompatsiaris Ioannis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsolaki Magda
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (N.S.); (O.V.P.); (T.A.); (K.I.); (T.M.)
- 1st Department of Neurology, G.H. “AHEPA”, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kugiumtzis Dimitris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vlachos GS, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Ntanasi E, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Population in Greece: Results From the HELIAD Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2020; 34:156-162. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Zaganas IV, Simos P, Basta M, Kapetanaki S, Panagiotakis S, Koutentaki I, Fountoulakis N, Bertsias A, Duijker G, Tziraki C, Scarmeas N, Plaitakis A, Boumpas D, Lionis C, Vgontzas AN. The Cretan Aging Cohort: Cohort Description and Burden of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:23-33. [PMID: 30259758 PMCID: PMC10852504 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518802414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the burden of dementia in the Cretan Aging Cohort, comprised of 3140 persons aged ≥60 years (56.8% women, 5.8 ± 3.3 years formal education, 86.2% living in rural areas) who attended selected primary health-care facilities on the island of Crete, Greece. In the first study phase, a formal diagnosis of dementia had been reached in 4.0% of the participants. However, when selected 505 participants underwent thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation in the second phase of this study (344 with Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] <24 and 161 with MMSE ≥24), and results were extrapolated to the entire cohort, the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment was estimated at 10.8% (9.7%-11.9%) and 32.4% (30.8%-34.0%), respectively. Using both the field diagnostic data and the extrapolated data, the highest dementia prevalence (27.2%) was found in the 80- to 84-year-old group, who also showed the lowest educational level, apparently due to lack of schooling during World War II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis V. Zaganas
- Neurology Department, Medical School, Heraklion, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- Psychiatry Department, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Foundation of Research and Technology, Institute of Computer Science, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Basta
- Psychiatry Department, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefania Kapetanaki
- Neurology Department, Medical School, Heraklion, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Symeon Panagiotakis
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Irini Koutentaki
- Psychiatry Department, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Fountoulakis
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonios Bertsias
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Duijker
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Chariklia Tziraki
- Research Department, Community Elders Club, Melabev, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, 1st Neurology Clinic, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Plaitakis
- Neurology Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stefanaki I, Linardakis M, Lionis C. Is cognitive status of the Cretan elderly aged ≥ 75 years associated with known behavioral and vascular risk factors? J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-01006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
7
|
Lazarou I, Parastatidis T, Tsolaki A, Gkioka M, Karakostas A, Douka S, Tsolaki M. International Ballroom Dancing Against Neurodegeneration: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Greek Community-Dwelling Elders With Mild Cognitive impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:489-499. [PMID: 28840742 PMCID: PMC10852896 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517725813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have highlighted the positive effects of dance in people with neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of International Ballroom Dancing on cognitive function in elders with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS One-hundred twenty-nine elderly patients with aMCI diagnosis (mean age 66.8 ± 10.1 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: intervention group (IG, n = 66) and control group (CG, n = 63). The IG exercised systematically for 10 months, and both groups were submitted to extensive neuropsychological assessment prior and after the 10-month period. RESULTS According to the independent sample t test at the follow-up, significant differences between groups were found in benefit of the IG while the CG showed worse performance in the majority of neuropsychological tests. According to the Student t test, better performance is detected in IG in contrast with CG, which had worse performance almost in all scales. CONCLUSION Dance may be an important nonpharmacological approach that can benefit cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioulietta Lazarou
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themis Parastatidis
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders (GAARD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders (GAARD), Thessaloniki, Greece
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mara Gkioka
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Karakostas
- Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
- Information Technologies Institute, Center of Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thermi, Greece
| | - Stella Douka
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders (GAARD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsolaki M, Gkioka M, Verykouki E, Galoutzi N, Kavalou E, Pattakou-Parasyri V. Prevalence of Dementia, Depression, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Rural Area of the Island of Crete, Greece. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:252-264. [PMID: 28468554 PMCID: PMC10852845 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517698789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The studies on the prevalence of dementia, depression, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Greece are sparse and show major variations of prevalence depending on geographical areas, nutritional habits, and the way of living. The aim of this door-to-door study was to find the prevalence of dementia, depression, and MCI in a rural Greek population. Four hundred and forty-three individuals older than 61years following the application of specific criteria were diagnosed with: normal cognition, depression, MCI with and without depression, and dementia with and without depression. Four diagnostic methods were used, 2 of which included Mungas correction for age and education. After Mungas adjustment, the results were as follows-depression: 33.9%; MCI: 15.3%; MCI with depression: 8.6%; dementia: 2.0%; and dementia with depression: 7.2%. Dementia is less prevalent compared to global data and other Greek areas. Mild cognitive impairment is more prevalent than dementia. High percentages of depression may be related to low education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, “G.H. Papanikolaou”, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece (GAARD)
| | - Mara Gkioka
- Department of Neurology, “G.H. Papanikolaou”, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Verykouki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|