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Li P, Luo SH, Su F, Zhang L, Yan S, Lei X, Mu W, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu X, Hou P. Optimization of Synergistic Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by the Sulfuric Acid-Malonic Acid System Using Response Surface Methodology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11359-11374. [PMID: 35191662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new environmentally friendly and economical recycling process for extracting metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using sulfuric acid and malonic acid as leaching agents is proposed. By applying Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) optimization techniques, the global optimal solution of the maximum leaching rate of metals in spent LIBs is realized. The results show that under the optimal conditions of 0.93 M H2SO4, 0.85 M malonic acid, and a liquid/solid ratio of 61 g·L-1, a temperature of 70 °C and 5 vol % of 30% H2O2, 99.79% Li, 99.46% Ni, 97.24% Co, and 96.88% Mn are recovered within 81 min. The error between the theoretical value and the actual value of the metal leaching rate predicted by the regression model is less than 1.0%. Additionally, the study of leaching kinetics reveals that the leaching process of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn in spent cathode materials was affected by the synergistic effect of interfacial mass transfer and solid product layer diffusion. Economic analysis reveals that evaluation index should be fully considered when formulating recovery processes for different metals. This process can reduce the environmental risks of heavy metal disposal and allow the reuse of metals recovered from spent LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Qinhuangdao Laboratory of Resources Cleaner Conversion and Efficient Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Faxian Su
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Shengxue Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xuefei Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Qinhuangdao Laboratory of Resources Cleaner Conversion and Efficient Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Wenning Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Qinhuangdao Laboratory of Resources Cleaner Conversion and Efficient Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Pengqing Hou
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, PR China
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Zhang X, Li L, Fan E, Xue Q, Bian Y, Wu F, Chen R. Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7239-7302. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and novel view on battery recycling is provided in terms of the science and technology, engineering, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Qing Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yifan Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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