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Li P, Wang L, Guo P, Yu S, Mehmood K, Wang S, Liu W, Seinfeld JH, Zhang Y, Wong DC, Alapaty K, Pleim J, Mathur R. High reduction of ozone and particulate matter during the 2016 G-20 summit in Hangzhou by forced emission controls of industry and traffic. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2017; 15:709-715. [PMID: 29713260 PMCID: PMC5920520 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-017-0642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many regions in China experience air pollution episodes because of the rapid urbanization and industrialization over the past decades. Here we analyzed the effect of emission controls implemented during the G-20 2016 Hangzhou summit on air quality. Emission controls included a forced closure of highly polluting industries, and limiting traffic and construction emissions in the cities and surroundings. Particles with aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were measured. We also simulated air quality using a forecast system consisting of the two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multi-scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model. Results show PM2.5 and ozone levels in Hangzhou during the G-20 Summit were considerably lower than previous to the G-20 Summit. The predicted concentrations of ozone were reduced by 25.4%, whereas the predicted concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 56%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Guo
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaocai Yu
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wang
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David C Wong
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC 27711, USA
| | - Kiran Alapaty
- Systems Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC 27711, USA
| | - Jon Pleim
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC 27711, USA
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