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Aouadhi C, Jouini A, Maaroufi K, Maaroufi A. Antibacterial Effect of Eight Essential Oils against Bacteria Implicated in Bovine Mastitis and Characterization of Primary Action Mode of Thymus capitatus Essential Oil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38534672 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the current investigation, eight essential oils (EOs) were tested for their antimicrobial activity against six species, belonging to the genus of staphylococcus, multi-resistant to antibiotics (S. epidermidis, S. cohni, S. wareneri, S. scuiri, S. chromogenes, S. pasteuri), three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) and two strains of Escherichia coli, producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) responsible for bovine mastitis. Our results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of eight EOs varied significantly among the types of EOs and bacterial species. Thymus capitatus and Trachyspermum ammi EOs display important antibacterial activity against all tested strains, with the inhibition zone diameters situated between 20 and 45 mm, while EOs of Artemisia absinthium, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Myrtus communis and Mentha pulegium exerted an intermediate activity. For Cymbopogon citratus, this effect depends on bacteria species. In fact, an important effect was observed against S. warneri, S. epidermidis, S. cohenii, S. pasteuri and MRSA (EC 39+) strains. In addition, the important lytic effect was observed against MRSA strains, showing that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to T. capitatus EO than Gram-negative ones. Concerning the characterization of the mode action of T. capitatus, experiments of kill-time, bacteriolytic, loss of salt tolerance and loss of cytoplasmic material showed that the used EO was able to destroy cell walls and membranes followed by the loss of vital intracellular materials. In addition, it inhibits the normal synthesis of DNA, causing the bacterial death of E. coli and MRSA strains. This study shows the potential of using of EOs, particularly T. capitaus, to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria multi-resistant to antibiotics causing bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedia Aouadhi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Karima Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Molecular Characterization of Gene-Mediated Resistance and Susceptibility of ESKAPE Clinical Isolates to Cistus monspeliensis L. and Cistus salviifolius L. Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7467279. [PMID: 36204117 PMCID: PMC9532067 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7467279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) are now the biggest threats to human beings. Alternative antimicrobial regimens to conventional antibiotic paradigms are extensively searched. Although Cistus extracts have long been used for infections in traditional folk medicines around the world, their efficacy against resistant bacteria still needs to be elucidated. We aim to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical strains Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae (acronym “ESKAPE”), and their resistance mechanisms by PCR, as well as their sensitivity to C. monspeliensis (CM) and C. salviifolius (CS) methanol extracts and their fractions. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility profile and resistance mechanism were done by antibiogram and PCR. Fractions of CM and CS were obtained using maceration and Soxhlet; their antibacterial activities were evaluated by determining inhibition zone diameter (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results Results revealed that all strains were XDR except S. aureus, which was MDR. The PCR indicates the presence of gene-mediated resistance (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blamecA). Also, maceration was slightly better for bioactivity preservation. Overall, the extracts of CM (IZD = 20 mm, MIC = 0.01 mg/mL) were more active than those of CS. All extracts inhibited MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and ERV (Enterococcus faecium Vancomycin-Resistant) with interesting MICs. The ethyl acetate fraction manifested great efficacy against all strains. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpenes oxygenated were the chemical classes of compounds dominating the analyzed fractions. Viridiflorol was the major compound in ethyl acetate fractions of 59.84% and 70.77% for CM and CS, respectively. Conclusions The superior activity of extracts to conventional antibiotics was seen for the first time in the pathogens group, and their bactericidal effect could be a promising alternative for developing clinical antibacterial agents against MDR and XDR ESKAPE bacteria.
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Characterization of Primary Action Mode of Eight Essential Oils and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Effect against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Inoculated in Turkey Meat. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082588. [PMID: 35458786 PMCID: PMC9030336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains, producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and isolated from foods. Disc-diffusion assay showed that the inhibition diameters generated by EOs varied significantly among the tested EOs and strains. In fact, EOs extracted from Thymus capitaus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Trachyspermum ammi and Mentha pulegium exerted an important antimicrobial effect against tested strains, with the diameters of inhibition zones varied between 20 and 27 mm. Moreover, minimal inhibition and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) values demonstrated that T. capitatus EOs generate the most important inhibitory effect against E. coli strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.02 to 0.78%. Concerning the mode of action of T. capitatus EO, the obtained data showed that treatment with this EO at its MIC reduced the viability of E. coli strains, their tolerance to NaCl and promoted the loss of 260-nm-absorbing material. In addition, in the presence of T. capitatus EO, cells became disproportionately sensitive to subsequent autolysis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of T. capitatus was evaluated against two E. coli strains, experimentally inoculated (105 CFU/g) in minced turkey meat, in the presence of two different concentrations of EO (MIC and 2 × MIC), and stored for 15 days. In both samples, EO exerted a bacteriostatic effect in the presence of concentrations equal to MIC. Interestingly, at 2 × CMI concentration, the bactericidal activity was pronounced after 15 days of storage. Our results highlighted that the use of essential oils, specially of T. capitatus, to inhibit or prevent the growth of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli in food, may be a promising alternative to chemicals.
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential and Comparison of HPLC Composition, Secondary Metabolites Count, and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha rotundifolia and Mentha pulegium Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9081536. [PMID: 34497659 PMCID: PMC8421172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the relationship between the phenolic counts, chemical composition, and biological activities of two Mentha species (Mentha rotundifolia (MR) and Mentha pulegium (MP)) was analyzed. The characterization of the action mode against pathogenic bacteria and the inhibition of spore germination of two fungal species using prepared methanolic extracts were studied here for the first time. The obtained data highlighted the presence of positive correlation between the secondary metabolites contents and the biological activities of the investigated extracts. In fact, HPLC analysis showed that the major components in both the extracts were eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid (25 and 20 mg/ml and 12 and 8 mg/ml in methanolic extracts of MR and MP, respectively). Moreover, the MR extract was rich in polyphenols and presents the highest antioxidant activity than MP ones. In addition, both extracts possess an antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast species (Candida albicans) and were able to inhibit the spore germination of two fungi species (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). But, the significant activity was observed in the presence of MR methanolic extract. The effect of time on cell integrity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time-kill and bacteriolysis assays showed that the MR extract had a rapid bacteriolytic effect compared to the MP extract, and their capacities were significant against Gram-negative bacteria than positive ones. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi Mentha species have high pharmacological and industrial importance and they can be used in preparation of food or drugs.
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Al-Zaban M, Naghmouchi S, AlHarbi NK. HPLC-Analysis, Biological Activities and Characterization of Action Mode of Saudi Marrubium vulgare against Foodborne Diseases Bacteria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175112. [PMID: 34500546 PMCID: PMC8434504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolites secondary and pharmacology activities of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare collected from King Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the primary mode of action of the tested extract was studied here for the first time against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. HPLC analysis shows that the major components in the tested extract are luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside, ferulic acid and premarrubiin. Obtained data demonstrated that the investigated extract was richer in phenol (26.8 ± 0.01 mg/GAE g) than in flavonoids (0.61 ± 0.05 mg EC/mL). In addition, the methanolic extract showed an important antioxidant capacity against the DPPH (IC50 = 35 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 25 ± 0.2 µg/mL) radical scavenging and a strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme with an IC50 value corresponding to 0.4 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity demonstrated that the evaluated extract had significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The effect of time on cell integrity on E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time-kill and bacteriolysis tests showed that the M. vulgare extract reduced the viability of both strains after 8 and 10 h and had a bacteriolytic effect against two different categories of bacteria, Gram-positive and negative, which are not of the same potency. Based on obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi M. vulgare has a high pharmacological importance and can be used in preparation of food or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasar Al-Zaban
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Souheila Naghmouchi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Tunis Carthage, Street of Hedi Karay BP N 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Nada K. AlHarbi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
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Zalegh I, Akssira M, Bourhia M, Mellouki F, Rhallabi N, Salamatullah AM, Alkaltham MS, Khalil Alyahya H, Mhand RA. A Review on Cistus sp.: Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1214. [PMID: 34203720 PMCID: PMC8232106 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to drugs is reaching alarming levels and is placing human health at risk. With the lack of new antimicrobials drugs, infectious diseases are becoming harder to treat. Hence, there is an increasing awareness of active phytochemicals with therapeutic functions. The tremendous research interest on the Cistus L. genus includes numerous plants used in traditional medicine by people living around the Mediterranean Sea, also resulted in some interesting discoveries and written literature. This review aimed at gathering scientific literature about Cistus species, describing phytochemical profiles and the various pharmacological activities. We also extensively reviewed the antimicrobial activities, including antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antibacterial potentials of Essential Oils (EO), raw extracts as well as isolated compounds. Mechanisms of action along with methods used are also investigated in this review. Considering the findings of the Cistus species extracts, this genus offers an adequate reserve of active phytochemicals since many have been used to create drugs. Therefore, this review work can serve society by providing a global view on Cistus L. sp. regarding pharmacological potentials and their chemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Zalegh
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry & Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Unit Associated CNRST (URAC 22), FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry & Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Unit Associated CNRST (URAC 22), FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Fouad Mellouki
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Naima Rhallabi
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Heba Khalil Alyahya
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.S.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Rajaa Ait Mhand
- Research Unit Microbiology, Hygiene & Biomolecule, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality & Biotechnology/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, FSTM, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.M.); (N.R.); (R.A.M.)
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Poli JP, Guinoiseau E, de Rocca Serra D, Sutour S, Paoli M, Tomi F, Quilichini Y, Berti L, Lorenzi V. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of 12 Essential Oils on chromobacterium violaceum and Specific Action of cis-cis-p-Menthenolide from Corsican Mentha suaveolens ssp. Insularis. Molecules 2018; 23:E2125. [PMID: 30142938 PMCID: PMC6225197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism used to express various survival or virulence traits leading to enhanced resistance. Chromobacterium violaceum is a commonly used strain that highlights anti-QS action of bioactive substances. Here, we wanted to see if 12 selected essential oils (EO) could exert anti-QS activity. We measured the sublethal minimal QS inhibitory concentration (MQSIC) by assessing violacein production of C. violaceum along with bacterial growth. To confirm the QS disruption, we also proceed to surface bacterial observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We showed that cis-cis-p-menthenolide extracted and isolated from a plant endemic to occidental Mediterranean Sea islands, Mentha suaveolens ssp. insularis, acts as an inhibitor of violacein production and biofilm formation. Measured MQSIC was much lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.10 mg·mL-1 vs. 3.00 mg·mL-1. Moreover, disturbance of QS-related traits was confirmed by the degradation of C. violaceum biofilm matrix. There is a clear structure⁻activity relationship between cis-cis-p-menthenolide and anti-QS activity. Indeed, its isomer molecule (mintlactone) exerts a poor anti-QS action. These results indicate that inhibition of violacein production and biofilm formation by cis-cis-p-menthenolide might be related to a disruption in the QS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Poli
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | | | | | - Sylvain Sutour
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Félix Tomi
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Yann Quilichini
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Liliane Berti
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Vannina Lorenzi
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
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Szeremeta D, Knaś M, Długosz E, Krzykała K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Musioł R, Kowalska T, Ott PG, Sajewicz M, Móricz ÁM. Investigation of antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of phenolics derived fromCistus incanusL. by means of thin-layer chromatography-direct bioautography and cytotoxicity assay. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1449056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Knaś
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Długosz
- Department of Retail Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Klaudia Krzykała
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Péter G. Ott
- Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes M. Móricz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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