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Rekowska N, Huling J, Brietzke A, Arbeiter D, Eickner T, Konasch J, Riess A, Mau R, Seitz H, Grabow N, Teske M. Thermal, Mechanical and Biocompatibility Analyses of Photochemically Polymerized PEGDA 250 for Photopolymerization-Based Manufacturing Processes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:628. [PMID: 35336002 PMCID: PMC8951438 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel fabrication techniques based on photopolymerization enable the preparation of complex multi-material constructs for biomedical applications. This requires an understanding of the influence of the used reaction components on the properties of the generated copolymers. The identification of fundamental characteristics of these copolymers is necessary to evaluate their potential for biomaterial applications. Additionally, knowledge of the properties of the starting materials enables subsequent tailoring of the biomaterials to meet individual implantation needs. In our study, we have analyzed the biological, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of photopolymerized poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and specific copolymers with different photoinitiator (PI) concentrations before and after applying a post treatment washing process. As comonomers, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate were used. The in vitro studies confirm the biocompatibility of all investigated copolymers. Uniaxial tensile tests show significantly lower tensile strength (82% decrease) and elongation at break (76% decrease) values for washed samples. Altered tensile strength is also observed for different PI concentrations: on average, 6.2 MPa for 1.25% PI and 3.1 MPa for 0.5% PI. The addition of comonomers lowers elongation at break on average by 45%. Moreover, our observations show glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 27 °C to 56 °C, which significantly increase with higher comonomer content. These results confirm the ability to generate biocompatible PEGDA copolymers with specific thermal and mechanical properties. These can be considered as resins for various additive manufacturing-based applications to obtain personalized medical devices, such as drug delivery systems (DDS). Therefore, our study has advanced the understanding of PEGDA multi-materials and will contribute to the future development of tools ensuring safe and effective individual therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rekowska
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Jennifer Huling
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Andreas Brietzke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Daniela Arbeiter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Thomas Eickner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Jan Konasch
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.K.); (A.R.); (R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Alexander Riess
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.K.); (A.R.); (R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Robert Mau
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.K.); (A.R.); (R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.K.); (A.R.); (R.M.); (H.S.)
- Department LL&M, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
- Department LL&M, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Teske
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (A.B.); (D.A.); (T.E.); (N.G.); (M.T.)
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Bai T, Kobayashi K, Tamura K, Jun Y, Zheng L. Supercritical CO2 dyeing for nylon, acrylic, polyester, and casein buttons and their optimum dyeing conditions by design of experiments. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trupej N, Novak Z, Knez Ž, Slugovc C, Kovačič S. Supercritical CO2 mediated functionalization of highly porous emulsion-derived foams: ScCO2 absorption and epoxidation. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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