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Dohou AM, Yémoa AL, Guidan DBA, Ahouandjinou SHS, Amoussa A, Dossou FM, Marini Djang’eing’a R, Dalleur O. Assessment of the Quality of Injectable Antibiotics in Benin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:24-31. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Substandard and falsified medicines are an enormous threat to global health. Poor quality antibiotic preparations contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. In surgery, where the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections is high, healthcare teams need to rely on the quality of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections. We assessed the quality of antibiotics used for surgical infection prophylaxis in Benin. Thirty-three samples were collected from six hospitals located in various departments in Benin. The antibiotics (powders for injection: amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftriaxone; solutions for injection: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, metronidazole) were assessed using visual inspection, pharmacotechnical tests (including uniformity of mass, pH measure, sterility test, and active pharmaceutical ingredient identification), and assay tests (including a simple analytical method thin layer chromatography) and complex analytical techniques (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography—diode-array detection, conductometry). Because the material needed for the methods recommended by the pharmacopeias to assess the dosage of gentamicin was not available, we developed and validated a conductometry method. Results showed that 97% (n = 32) of the samples passed visual inspection; 100% (n = 33) of the samples passed the pharmacotechnical tests, identification of active ingredients, and sterility test; 88% (n = 29) passed the test for percentage of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Overall, 15% of the samples did not pass the quality test (3% on visual inspection and 12% for excess active ingredients). Although most of the samples passed the quality tests, it appears important to perform routine quality control for intravenous medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Modupè Dohou
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Analyse des Médicaments, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin
| | - Achille Loconon Yémoa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Analyse des Médicaments, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin
| | | | | | - Ahmed Amoussa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Analyse des Médicaments, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin
| | - Francis Moïse Dossou
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Départemental Ouémé-Plateau, Bénin
| | - Roland Marini Djang’eing’a
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium
- Pharmacy Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Belgium
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Rebiere H, Guinot P, Chauvey D, Brenier C. Fighting falsified medicines: The analytical approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:286-306. [PMID: 28531832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Given the harm to human health, the fight against falsified medicines has become a priority issue that involves numerous actors. Analytical laboratories contribute by performing analyses to chemically characterise falsified samples and assess their hazards for patients. A wide range of techniques can be used to obtain individual information on the organic and inorganic composition, the presence of an active substance or impurities, or the crystalline arrangement of the formulation's compound. After a presentation of these individual techniques, this review puts forward a methodology to combine them. In order to illustrate this approach, examples from the scientific literature (products used for erectile dysfunction treatment, weight loss and malaria) are placed in the centre of the proposed methodology. Combining analytical techniques allows the analyst to conclude on the falsification of a sample, on its compliance in terms of pharmaceutical quality and finally on the safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Rebiere
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740 Vendargues, France.
| | - Pauline Guinot
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740 Vendargues, France
| | - Denis Chauvey
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740 Vendargues, France
| | - Charlotte Brenier
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740 Vendargues, France
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