Feasibility of supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter samples

There has been an increased interest in the development of green analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples due to their toxicity and ubiquitous nature. In this work, the feasibility of on-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was investigated for rapid and automated determination of the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter samples. Three specialty polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons columns with different stationary phases were screened and an octadecyl-silica column was selected for method development. Enhanced extraction efficiency was achieved using an extraction program with gradient flow rate and gradient concentration of acetonitrile as a modifier. The method was evaluated by analyzing standard reference materials of urban dust and diesel particulate matter from the National Institute of Standards and Technologies. Possible reasons for the unsatisfactory recoveries with certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pesticides and Insecticides from Food Samples and Plant Materials

The principal intention of this study is presenting the attempts carried out for extracting, separating, and determining of the pesticide and insecticide residues existing in food and plant samples. In this regard, a set of content, including the explanations about the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), supercritical fluid chromatography, and various types of pesticides are indicated. Besides, the parameters affecting the pesticides extraction composed of temperature, pressure, modifier, drying agent, and so on are discussed. Also, examples of insecticides extraction by SFE technique as an important subset of pesticides are indicated. Along with these items, some interesting works, concerning the innovations implemented in the field of SFE of pesticide and insecticide residues from foodstuff and plants are depicted.

Supercritical fluid chromatography: a promising alternative to current bioanalytical techniques

During the last years, chemistry was involved in the worldwide effort toward environmental problems leading to the birth of green chemistry. In this context, green analytical tools were developed as modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in the field of separative techniques. This chromatographic technique knew resurgence a few years ago, thanks to its high efficiency, fastness and robustness of new generation equipment. These advantages and its easy hyphenation to MS fulfill the requirements of bioanalysis regarding separation capacity and high throughput. In the present paper, the technical aspects focused on bioanalysis specifications will be detailed followed by a critical review of bioanalytical supercritical fluid chromatography methods published in the literature.