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Analysis of Interacting Proteins of Aluminum Toxicity Response Factor ALS3 and CAD in Citrus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194846. [PMID: 31569546 PMCID: PMC6801426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) treatment significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of stem, shoot and whole plant of both Citrus sinensis and C. grandis, but did not change that of root. Al significantly decreased leaf DW of C. grandis, increased the ratio of root to shoot and the lignin content in roots of both species. The higher content of Al in leaves and stems and lignin in roots of C. grandis than that of C. sinensis might be due to the over-expression of Al sensitive 3 (ALS3) and cinnamyl alcohol deaminase (CAD) in roots of C. grandis, respectively. By using yeast-two-hybridazation (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) techniques, we obtained the results that glutathione S-transferase (GST), vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), aquaporin PIP2 (PIP2), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UCT13), putative dicyanin blue copper protein (DCBC) and uncharacterized protein 2 (UP2) were interacted with ALS3 and GST, V-ATPase, Al sensitive 3 (ALS3), cytochrome P450 (CP450), PIP2, uncharacterized protein 1 (UP1) and UP2 were interacted with CAD. Annotation analysis revealed that these proteins were involved in detoxification, cellular transport, post-transcriptional modification and oxidation-reduction homeostasis or lignin biosynthesis in plants. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis further revealed that the higher gene expression levels of most of these interacting proteins in C. grandis roots than that in C. sinensis ones were consistent with the higher contents of lignin in C. grandis roots and Al absorbed by C. grandis. In conclusion, our study identified some key interacting components of Al responsive proteins ALS3 and CAD, which could further help us to understand the molecular mechanism of Al tolerance in citrus plants and provide new information to the selection and breeding of tolerant cultivars, which are cultivated in acidic areas.
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Liu W, Xiong C, Yan L, Zhang Z, Ma L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Potentially Involved in Al Stress Response in Alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28217130 PMCID: PMC5290290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa is the most extensively cultivated forage legume, yet most alfalfa cultivars are not aluminum tolerant, and the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to Al stress are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to understand how alfalfa responds to Al stress by identifying and analyzing Al-stress-responsive genes in alfalfa roots at the whole-genome scale. The transcriptome changes in alfalfa roots under Al stress for 4, 8, or 24 h were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing platforms. A total of 2464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and most were up-regulated at early (4 h) and/or late (24 h) Al exposure time points rather than at the middle exposure time point (8 h). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs involved in ribosome, protein biosynthesis, and process, the citrate cycle, membrane transport, and hormonal regulation were preferentially enriched and regulated. Biosynthesis inhibition and signal transduction downstream of auxin- and ethylene-mediated signals occur during alfalfa responses to root growth inhibition. The internal Al detoxification mechanisms play important roles in alfalfa roots under Al stress. These findings provide valuable information for identifying and characterizing important components in the Al signaling network in alfalfa and enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Conghui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Zhengshe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Lichao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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Aluminum Toxicity-Induced Alterations of Leaf Proteome in Two Citrus Species Differing in Aluminum Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071180. [PMID: 27455238 PMCID: PMC4964550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedlings of aluminum-tolerant ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) and Al-intolerant ‘sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were fertigated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 and 1.2 mM AlCl3·6H2O. Al toxicity-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and the decrease of total soluble protein only occurred in C. grandis leaves, demonstrating that C. sinensis had higher Al tolerance than C. grandis. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), we obtained more Al toxicity-responsive proteins from C. sinensis than from C. grandis leaves, which might be responsible for the higher Al tolerance of C. sinensis. The following aspects might contribute to the Al tolerance of C. sinensis: (a) better maintenance of photosynthesis and energy balance via inducing photosynthesis and energy-related proteins; (b) less increased requirement for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and other toxic compounds, such as aldehydes, and great improvement of the total ability of detoxification; and (c) upregulation of low-phosphorus-responsive proteins. Al toxicity-responsive proteins related to RNA regulation, protein metabolism, cellular transport and signal transduction might also play key roles in the higher Al tolerance of C. sinensis. We present the global picture of Al toxicity-induced alterations of protein profiles in citrus leaves, and identify some new Al toxicity-responsive proteins related to various biological processes. Our results provide some novel clues about plant Al tolerance.
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Jiang HX, Yang LT, Qi YP, Lu YB, Huang ZR, Chen LS. Root iTRAQ protein profile analysis of two Citrus species differing in aluminum-tolerance in response to long-term aluminum-toxicity. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:949. [PMID: 26573913 PMCID: PMC4647617 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on aluminum (Al)-toxicity-responsive proteins in woody plant roots. Seedlings of 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis) and 'Sour pummelo' (Citrus grandis) were treated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 (control) or 1.2 mM AlCl3 · 6H2O (+Al). Thereafter, we investigated Citrus root protein profiles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The aims of this work were to determine the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Al-toxicity and to identify differentially expressed proteins involved in Al-tolerance. RESULTS C. sinensis was more tolerant to Al-toxicity than C. grandis. We isolated 347 differentially expressed proteins from + Al Citrus roots. Among these proteins, 202 (96) proteins only presented in C. sinensis (C. grandis), and 49 proteins were shared by the two species. Of the 49 overlapping proteins, 45 proteins were regulated in the same direction upon Al exposure in the both species. These proteins were classified into following categories: sulfur metabolism, stress and defense response, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism, cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The higher Al-tolerance of C. sinensis may be related to several factors, including: (a) activation of sulfur metabolism; (b) greatly improving the total ability of antioxidation and detoxification; (c) up-regulation of carbohydrate and energy metabolism; (d) enhancing cell transport; (e) decreased (increased) abundances of proteins involved in protein synthesis (proteiolysis); (f) keeping a better balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; and (g) increasing JA biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that metabolic flexibility was more remarkable in C. sinenis than in C. grandis roots, thus improving the Al-tolerance of C. sinensis. This provided the most integrated view of the adaptive responses occurring in Al-toxicity roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xin Jiang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yi-Bin Lu
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Wang LQ, Yang LT, Guo P, Zhou XX, Ye X, Chen EJ, Chen LS. Leaf cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals novel mechanisms for boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:349-59. [PMID: 26099466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on the molecular mechanisms of boron (B)-induced alleviation of aluminum (Al)-toxicity. 'Sour pummelo' (Citrus grandis) seedlings were irrigated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing different concentrations of B (2.5 or 20μM H3BO3) and Al (0 or 1.2mM AlCl3·6H2O). B alleviated Al-induced inhibition in plant growth accompanied by lower leaf Al. We used cDNA-AFLP to isolate 127 differentially expressed genes from leaves subjected to B and Al interactions. These genes were related to signal transduction, transport, cell wall modification, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid and protein metabolism, lipid metabolism and stress responses. The ameliorative mechanisms of B on Al-toxicity might be related to: (a) triggering multiple signal transduction pathways; (b) improving the expression levels of genes related to transport; (c) activating genes involved in energy production; and (d) increasing amino acid accumulation and protein degradation. Also, genes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, cell wall modification and stress responses might play a role in B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity. To conclude, our findings reveal some novel mechanisms on B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity at the transcriptional level in C. grandis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin-Xing Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - En-Jun Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Zhou XX, Yang LT, Qi YP, Guo P, Chen LS. Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115485. [PMID: 25747450 PMCID: PMC4352013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical mechanisms on boron (B)-induced alleviation of aluminum (B)-toxicity in plants have been examined in some details, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is very limited. In this study, we first used the cDNA-AFLP to investigate the gene expression patterns in Citrus grandis roots responsive to B and Al interactions, and isolated 100 differentially expressed genes. Results showed that genes related to detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes (i.e., glutathione S-transferase zeta class-like isoform X1, thioredoxin M-type 4, and 2-alkenal reductase (NADP+-dependent)-like), metabolism (i.e., carboxylesterases and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-like 4-like, nicotianamine aminotransferase A-like isoform X3, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 18-like isoform X1, and FNR, root isozyme 2), cell transport (i.e., non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like protein At2g13820-like and major facilitator superfamily protein), Ca signal and hormone (i.e., calcium-binding protein CML19-like and IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4-like), gene regulation (i.e., Gag-pol polyprotein) and cell wall modification (i.e., glycosyl hydrolase family 10 protein) might play a role in B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity. Our results are useful not only for our understanding of molecular processes associated with B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity, but also for obtaining key molecular genes to enhance Al-tolerance of plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang ZQ, Xu XY, Gong QQ, Xie C, Fan W, Yang JL, Lin QS, Zheng SJ. Root proteome of rice studied by iTRAQ provides integrated insight into aluminum stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. J Proteomics 2014; 98:189-205. [PMID: 24412201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major limitations to crop growth on acid soils is the prevalence of soluble aluminum ions (Al(3+)). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been reported to be highly Al tolerant; however, large-scale proteomic data of rice in response to Al(3+) are still very scanty. Here, we used an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics approach for comparative analysis of the expression profiles of proteins in rice roots in response to Al(3+) at an early phase. A total of 700 distinct proteins (homologous proteins grouped together) with >95% confidence were identified. Among them, 106 proteins were differentially expressed upon Al(3+) toxicity in sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the most significantly up-regulated biochemical process in response to excess Al(3+). The mRNA levels of eight proteins mapped in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were further analyzed by qPCR and the expression levels of all the eight genes were higher in tolerant cultivar than in sensitive cultivar, suggesting that these compounds may promote Al tolerance by modulating the production of available energy. Although the exact roles of these putative tolerance proteins remain to be examined, our data lead to a better understanding of the Al tolerance mechanisms in rice plants through the proteomics approach. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Aluminum (mainly Al(3+)) is one of the major limitations to the agricultural productivity on acid soils and causes heavy yield loss every year. Rice has been reported to be highly Al tolerant; however, the mechanisms of rice Al tolerance are still not fully understood. Here, a combined proteomics, bioinformatics and qPCR analysis revealed that Al(3+) invasion caused complex proteomic changes in rice roots involving energy, stress and defense, protein turnover, metabolism, signal transduction, transport and intracellular traffic, cell structure, cell growth/division, and transcription. Promotion of the glycolytic/gluconeogenetic pathway in roots appeared crucially important for Al tolerance. These results lead to a better understanding of the Al tolerance mechanisms in rice and help to improve plant performance on acid soils, eventually to increase the crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiao Qiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chen Xie
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qi Shan Lin
- UAlbany Proteomics Facility, Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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