1
|
Hernández-Velázquez IM, Zamora-Briseño JA, Hernández-Bolio GI, Hernández-Nuñez E, Lozano-Álvarez E, Briones-Fourzán P, Rodríguez-Canul R. Metabolic changes in antennal glands of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus infected by Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1). DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 151:11-22. [PMID: 36047670 DOI: 10.3354/dao03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) (Family Mininucleoviridae) causes chronic and systemic infection in wild juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), ending in death by starvation and metabolic wasting. In marine decapods, the antennal gland is involved in osmoregulation and excretion. In this compact organ, fluid is filtered from the hemolymph, and ions are reabsorbed to produce a hypotonic urine. Although PaV1 is released with the urine in infected individuals, little is known regarding the metabolic effect of PaV1 in the antennal gland. The objective of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the metabolic profile of the antennal gland of clinically PaV1-infected lobsters versus those with no clinical signs of infection, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Overall, 48 compounds were identified, and the most represented metabolites were those involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, and nucleotide metabolism. Most of the metabolites that were down-regulated in the infected group were essential and non-essential amino acids. Some metabolites involved in the urea cycle and carbohydrate metabolism were also altered. This study represents a first approach to the metabolic evaluation of the antennal gland. We broadly discuss alterations in the content of several proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids and other key metabolites involved in energetic and nucleotide metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carr. Mérida-Progreso, CP 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cieślik M, Bagińska N, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Human β-Defensin 2 and Its Postulated Role in Modulation of the Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112991. [PMID: 34831214 PMCID: PMC8616480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies described so far suggest that human β-defensin 2 is an important protein of innate immune response which provides protection for the human organism against invading pathogens of bacterial, viral, fungal, as well as parasitical origin. Its pivotal role in enhancing immunity was proved in infants. It may also be considered a marker of inflammation. Its therapeutic administration has been suggested for maintenance of the balance of systemic homeostasis based on the appropriate composition of the microbiota. It has been suggested that it may be an important therapeutic tool for modulating the response of the immune system in many inflammatory diseases, offering new treatment modalities. For this reason, its properties and role in the human body discussed in this review should be studied in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Cieślik
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (E.J.-M.)
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (E.J.-M.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (E.J.-M.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (E.J.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fasina YO, Obanla T, Dosu G, Muzquiz S. Significance of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides on the Health of Food Animals. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:585266. [PMID: 34262957 PMCID: PMC8273337 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.585266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters continues to be an imperative problem in the livestock industries, thereby necessitating continuous pursuit for alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a critical part of the host's innate immune system and have been documented to have immunomodulatory activity. Increasing research evidence suggests that in contrast to antibiotics, AMPs exert broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in a manner that reduces bacterial acquisition of resistance genes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of endogenous (natural) AMPs in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. Factors limiting the efficacy of these AMPs were also discussed and mitigating strategies were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Temitayo Obanla
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - George Dosu
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Sierra Muzquiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oral and Intravenous Iron Therapy Differentially Alter the On- and Off-Tumor Microbiota in Anemic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061341. [PMID: 33809624 PMCID: PMC8002270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of colorectal cancer and may require iron therapy. Oral iron can increase the iron available to gut bacteria and may alter the colonic microbiota. We performed an intervention study to compare oral and intravenous iron therapy on the colonic tumor-associated (on-tumor) and paired non-tumor-associated adjacent (off-tumor) microbiota. Anemic patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma received either oral ferrous sulphate (n = 16) or intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (n = 24). On- and off-tumor biopsies were obtained post-surgery and microbial profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Off-tumor α- and β-diversity were significantly different between iron treatment groups. No differences in on-tumor diversity were observed. Off-tumor microbiota of oral iron-treated patients showed higher abundances of the orders Clostridiales, Cytophagales, and Anaeroplasmatales compared to intravenous iron-treated patients. The on-tumor microbiota was enriched with the orders Lactobacillales and Alteromonadales in the oral and intravenous iron groups, respectively. The on- and off-tumor microbiota associated with intravenous iron-treated patients infers increased abundances of enzymes involved in iron sequestration and anti-inflammatory/oncogenic metabolite production, compared to oral iron-treated patients. Collectively, this suggests that intravenous iron may be a more appropriate therapy to limit adverse microbial outcomes compared to oral iron.
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Z, Aweya JJ, Zhu C, Tran NT, Hong Y, Li S, Yao D, Zhang Y. Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574721. [PMID: 33224140 PMCID: PMC7674553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture production of crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) has expanded globally, but disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections have hampered production in the last two decades. As invertebrates, crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and mainly defend and protect themselves using their innate immune system. The immune system derives energy and metabolites from nutrients, with amino acids constituting one such source. A growing number of studies have shown that amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the activation, synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, as well as in the activation of immune related signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory response and regulation of oxidative stress. Key enzymes in amino acid metabolism have also been implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Here, we reviewed the role played by amino acids and their metabolites in immune-modulation in crustaceans. Information is inferred from mammals and fish where none exists for crustaceans. Research themes are identified and the relevant research gaps highlighted for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yujian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Longitudinal relationship of amino acids and indole metabolites with long-term body mass index and cardiometabolic risk markers in young individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6399. [PMID: 32286421 PMCID: PMC7156759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid metabolites in biofluids are associated with high body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic abnormalities. However, prospective investigations regarding these associations are few, particularly among young individuals. Moreover, little is presently known about the impact of long-term high BMI. Using data from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study (111 males and 107 females), we prospectively investigated relations between repeatedly measured urinary levels of 33 metabolites and (1) previously identified long-term BMI trajectory groups from childhood into late adolescence and (2) cardiometabolic risk markers in late adolescence–young adulthood, in sex-specific linear mixed regression models. Males with long-term overweight had lower indole-3-acetic acid when compared to others. Further, methionine, isoleucine, tryptophan, xanthurenic acid, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde were negatively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), but 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid was positively associated with CRP. No associations were observed in females. Long-term overweight from childhood into late adolescence is associated with decreased urinary levels of gut bacteria-derived indole-3-acetic acid, and several urinary amino acids, including gut bacteria-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde are associated with elevated CRP later on in life. Taken together, our data suggest that indole metabolites, and their gut bacteria producers play potentially important roles in overweight-related inflammation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Stoeger V, Holik AK, Hölz K, Dingjan T, Hans J, Ley JP, Krammer GE, Niv MY, Somoza MM, Somoza V. Bitter-Tasting Amino Acids l-Arginine and l-Isoleucine Differentially Regulate Proton Secretion via T2R1 Signaling in Human Parietal Cells in Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3434-3444. [PMID: 31891507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying whether the bitter-tasting amino acids l-arginine (l-ARG) and l-isoleucine (l-ILE) differentially regulate mechanisms of gastric acid secretion in human parietal cells (HGT-1 cells) via activation of bitter taste sensing receptors (T2Rs). In a first set of experiments, involvement of T2Rs in l-ARG and l-ILE-modulated proton secretion was demonstrated by co-treatment of HGT-1 cells with T2R antagonists. Subsequent whole genome screenings by means of cDNA arrays revealed T2R1 as a prominent target for both amino acids. Next, the functional role of T2R1 was verified by means of a T2R1 CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out approach. Here, the effect of l-ARG on proton secretion decreased by 65.7 ± 21.9% and the effect of l-ILE increased by 93.2 ± 24.1% in HGT-1 T2R1 ko versus HGT-1 wt cells (p < 0.05). Overall, our results indicate differential effects of l-ARG and l-ILE on proton secretion in HGT-1 cells and our molecular docking studies predict distinct binding for these amino acids in the binding site of T2R1. Further studies will elucidate whether the mechanism of differential effects involves structure-specific ligand-biased signaling of T2R1 or additional cellular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamir Dingjan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Joachim Hans
- Symrise AG Global Innovation Cosmetic Ingredient Research, Research & Technology Flavors Division, P.O. Box 1253, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | - Jakob P Ley
- Symrise AG Global Innovation Cosmetic Ingredient Research, Research & Technology Flavors Division, P.O. Box 1253, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | - Gerhard E Krammer
- Symrise AG Global Innovation Cosmetic Ingredient Research, Research & Technology Flavors Division, P.O. Box 1253, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | - Masha Y Niv
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mao X, Gu C, Ren M, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Zheng P, Luo J, Luo Y, Wang J, Tian G, Yang Q. l-Isoleucine Administration Alleviates Rotavirus Infection and Immune Response in the Weaned Piglet Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1654. [PMID: 30061901 PMCID: PMC6054962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infection is one of the main pathogenic causes of severe gastroenteritis and diarrhea in infants and young animals. This study aimed to determine how dietary l-isoleucine supplementation improves the growth performance and immune response in weaned piglets with RV infection. In cell culture experiment, after IPEC-J2 and 3D4/31 cells were treated by 8 mM l-isoleucine for 24 h, the gene expressions of β-defensins and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) signaling pathway were significantly increased. Then, in the in vivo experiment, 28 crossbred weaned pigs were randomly divided into two groups fed with basal diet with or without l-isoleucine for 18 days. On the 15th day, the oral RV gavage was executed in the half of piglets. Average daily feed intake and gain of piglets were impaired by RV infection (P < 0.05). RV infection also induced severe diarrhea and the increasing serum urea nitrogen concentration (P < 0.05), and decreased CD4+ lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood (P < 0.05). However, dietary l-isoleucine supplementation attenuated diarrhea and decreasing growth performance (P < 0.05), decreased the NSP4 concentration in ileal mucosa, and enhanced the productions and/or expressions of immunoglobulins, RV antibody, cytokines, and β-defensins in serum, ileum, and/or mesenteric lymph nodes of weaned piglets (P < 0.05), which could be relative with activation of PRR signaling pathway and the related signaling pathway (P < 0.05) in the weaned pigs orally infused by RV. These results indicate that dietary l-isoleucine could improve the growth performance and immune function, which could be derived from l-isoleucine treatment improving the innate and adaptive immune responses via activation of PRR signaling pathway in RV-infected piglets. It is possible that l-isoleucine can be used in the therapy of RV infection in infants and young animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Changsong Gu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang HY, Chiu DTY, Lin JF, Huang CY, Chang KH, Lyu RK, Ro LS, Kuo HC, Cheng ML, Chen CM. Disturbance of Plasma Lipid Metabolic Profile in Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8140. [PMID: 28811529 PMCID: PMC5557802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. Given that plasma metabolic profiles in GBS patients have never been explored, plasma samples of 38 GBS patients, 22 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and 40 healthy controls were analyzed by using untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis. The untargeted analysis showed that levels of a set of plasma lipid metabolites were significantly decreased in GBS patients compared to the controls. Furthermore, the targeted analysis demonstrated that levels of 41 metabolites in GBS patients were significantly changed compared to either the controls or MS patients. A further metabolic analysis showed that 12 of 41 metabolites were significantly lower in classical GBS patients compared to Miller-Fisher syndrome. Among them, each of PCae C34:0, PCae C42:2, PCae C42:3, and SM C24:0 was inversely correlated with Hughes functional grading scale of GBS patients at both nadir and discharge. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of combination of three metabolites (PCaa C42:2, PCae C36:0 and SM C24:0) showed a good discrimination between the GBS and the controls (area under curve = 0.86). This study has demonstrated disruption of lipid metabolites in GBS may be potential biomarkers to indicate disease severity and prognosis of GBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Lin
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kuo Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roles of amino acids in preventing and treating intestinal diseases: recent studies with pig models. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1277-1291. [PMID: 28616751 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are needed to study and understand a human complex disease. Because of their similarities in anatomy, structure, physiology, and pathophysiology, the pig has proven its usefulness in studying human gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diarrhea, and cancer. To understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, a number of experimental models generated in pigs are available, for example, through surgical manipulation, chemical induction, microbial infection, and genetic engineering. Our interests have been using amino acids as therapeutics in pig and human disease models. Amino acids not only play an important role in protein biosynthesis, but also exert significant physiological effects in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, redox regulation, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and animal behavior. Recent studies in pigs have shown that specific dietary amino acids can improve intestinal integrity and function under normal and pathological conditions that protect the host from different diseases. In this review, we summarize several pig models in intestinal diseases and how amino acids can be used as therapeutics in treating pig and human diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Zeng X, Ren M, Mao X, Qiao S. Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:10. [PMID: 28127425 PMCID: PMC5260006 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are not only elementary components for building muscle tissue but also participate in increasing protein synthesis in animals and humans. BCAA (isoleucine, leucine and valine) regulate many key signaling pathways, the most classic of which is the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. This signaling pathway connects many diverse physiological and metabolic roles. Recent years have witnessed many striking developments in determining the novel functions of BCAA including: (1) Insufficient or excessive levels of BCAA in the diet enhances lipolysis. (2) BCAA, especially isoleucine, play a major role in enhancing glucose consumption and utilization by up-regulating intestinal and muscular glucose transporters. (3) Supplementation of leucine in the diet enhances meat quality in finishing pigs. (4) BCAA are beneficial for mammary health, milk quality and embryo growth. (5) BCAA enhance intestinal development, intestinal amino acid transportation and mucin production. (6) BCAA participate in up-regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, abnormally elevated BCAA levels in the blood (decreased BCAA catabolism) are a good biomarker for the early detection of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review will provide some insights into these novel metabolic and physiological functions of BCAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science & Technology University, No. 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang, 233100 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-ResistanceNutrition,Ministry of Education, Sichuan AgriculturalUniversity, Ya'an, Sichuan China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren M, Zhang S, Liu X, Li S, Mao X, Zeng X, Qiao S. Different Lipopolysaccharide Branched-Chain Amino Acids Modulate Porcine Intestinal Endogenous β-Defensin Expression through the Sirt1/ERK/90RSK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3371-3379. [PMID: 27083206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional induction of endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression is considered a promising approach to inhibit the outgrowth and infection of pathogenic microbes in mammals. The present study investigated possible regulation of porcine epithelial β-defensins in response to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in vivo and in vitro. BCAA treatment increased relative mRNA expression of jejunal and ileal β-defensins in weaned piglets. In IPEC-J2 cells, isoleucine, leucine, and valine could stimulate β-defensin expression, possibly associated with stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Sirt1 and ERK completely blocked the activation of ERK and 90RSK protein by isoleucine, simultaneously decreasing defensin expression. BCAA stimulate expression of porcine intestinal epithelial β-defensins with isoleucine the most, potent possibly through activation of the Sirt1/ERK/90RSK signaling pathway. The β-defensins regulation of lipopolysaccharide was related with an ERK-independent pathway. BCAA modulation of endogenous defensin might be a promising approach to enhance disease resistance and intestinal health in young animals and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science & Technology University , No. 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science & Technology University , No. 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zn2+ and l-isoleucine induce the expressions of porcine β-defensins in IPEC-J2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1547-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|