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Sleiman A, Lalanne K, Vianna F, Perrot Y, Richaud M, SenGupta T, Cardot-Martin M, Pedini P, Picard C, Nilsen H, Galas S, Adam-Guillermin C. Targeted Central Nervous System Irradiation with Proton Microbeam Induces Mitochondrial Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:839. [PMID: 37372124 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fifty percent of all patients with cancer worldwide require radiotherapy. In the case of brain tumors, despite the improvement in the precision of radiation delivery with proton therapy, studies have shown structural and functional changes in the brains of treated patients with protons. The molecular pathways involved in generating these effects are not completely understood. In this context, we analyzed the impact of proton exposure in the central nervous system area of Caenorhabditis elegans with a focus on mitochondrial function, which is potentially implicated in the occurrence of radiation-induced damage. To achieve this objective, the nematode C. elegans were micro-irradiated with 220 Gy of protons (4 MeV) in the nerve ring (head region) using the proton microbeam, MIRCOM. Our results show that protons induce mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by an immediate dose-dependent loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) associated with oxidative stress 24 h after irradiation, which is itself characterized by the induction of the antioxidant proteins in the targeted region, observed using SOD-1::GFP and SOD-3::GFP strains. Moreover, we demonstrated a two-fold increase in the mtDNA copy number in the targeted region 24 h after irradiation. In addition, using the GFP::LGG-1 strain, an induction of autophagy in the irradiated region was observed 6 h following the irradiation, which is associated with the up-regulation of the gene expression of pink-1 (PTEN-induced kinase) and pdr-1 (C. elegans parkin homolog). Furthermore, our data showed that micro-irradiation of the nerve ring region did not impact the whole-body oxygen consumption 24 h following the irradiation. These results indicate a global mitochondrial dysfunction in the irradiated region following proton exposure. This provides a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in radiation-induced side effects and may help in finding new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sleiman
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Kévin Lalanne
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yann Perrot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Myriam Richaud
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Mikaël Cardot-Martin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Pedini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Hilde Nilsen
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Galas
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Dhakal R, Yosofvand M, Yavari M, Abdulrahman R, Schurr R, Moustaid-Moussa N, Moussa H. Review of Biological Effects of Acute and Chronic Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081966. [PMID: 34440735 PMCID: PMC8392105 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding complex radiation responses in biological systems can be enhanced using genetically amenable model organisms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the use of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a model organism to investigate radiation’s biological effects. Diverse types of experiments were conducted on C. elegans, using acute and chronic exposure to different ionizing radiation types, and to assess various biological responses. These responses differed based on the type and dose of radiation and the chemical substances in which the worms were grown or maintained. A few studies compared responses to various radiation types and doses as well as other environmental exposures. Therefore, this paper focused on the effect of irradiation on C. elegans, based on the intensity of the radiation dose and the length of exposure and ways to decrease the effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, we discussed several studies showing that dietary components such as vitamin A, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenol-rich food source may promote the resistance of C. elegans to ionizing radiation and increase their life span after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Dhakal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA; (R.D.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Yosofvand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA; (R.D.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.Y.); (N.M.-M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ramzi Abdulrahman
- Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ryan Schurr
- Cancer Center, UMC Health System, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.Y.); (N.M.-M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA; (R.D.); (M.Y.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-834-6271
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Sofela S, Sahloul S, Rafeie M, Kwon T, Han J, Warkiani ME, Song YA. High-throughput sorting of eggs for synchronization of C. elegans in a microfluidic spiral chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:679-687. [PMID: 29372209 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the use of a high-throughput microfluidic spiral chip to screen out eggs from a mixed age nematode population, which can subsequently be cultured to a desired developmental stage. For the sorting of a mixture containing three different developmental stages, eggs, L1 and L4, we utilized a microfluidic spiral chip with a trapezoidal channel to obtain a sorting efficiency of above 97% and a sample purity (SP) of above 80% for eggs at different flow rates up to 10 mL min-1. The result demonstrated a cost-effective, simple, and highly efficient method for synchronizing C. elegans at a high throughput (∼4200 organisms per min at 6 mL min-1), while eliminating challenges such as clogging and non-reusability of membrane-based filtration. Due to its simplicity, our method can be easily adopted in the C. elegans research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sofela
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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MEMS Tunable Diffraction Grating for Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopic Applications. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102372. [PMID: 29039765 PMCID: PMC5677247 DOI: 10.3390/s17102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffraction gratings are among the most commonly used optical elements in applications ranging from spectroscopy and metrology to lasers. Numerous methods have been adopted for the fabrication of gratings, including microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication which is by now mature and presents opportunities for tunable gratings through inclusion of an actuation mechanism. We have designed, modeled, fabricated and tested a silicon based pitch tunable diffraction grating (PTG) with relatively large resolving power that could be deployed in a spaceborne imaging spectrometer, for example in a picosatellite. We have carried out a detailed analytical modeling of PTG, based on a mass spring system. The device has an effective fill factor of 52% and resolving power of 84. Tuning provided by electrostatic actuation results in a displacement of 2.7 μ m at 40 V . Further, we have carried out vibration testing of the fabricated structure to evaluate its feasibility for spaceborne instruments.
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Gao Y, Li S, Xu D, Wang J, Sun Y. Changes in apoptotic microRNA and mRNA expression profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans during the Shenzhou-8 mission. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:872-82. [PMID: 26286471 PMCID: PMC4628221 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation and microgravity exposure have been proven to induce abnormal apoptosis in microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression, but whether space conditions, including radiation and microgravity, activate miRNAs to regulate the apoptosis is undetermined. For that purpose, we investigated miRNome and mRNA expression in the ced-1 Caenorhabditis elegans mutant vs the wild-type, both of which underwent spaceflight, spaceflight 1g-centrifuge control and ground control conditions during the Shenzhou-8 mission. Results showed that no morphological changes in the worms were detected, but differential miRNA expression increased from 43 (ground control condition) to 57 and 91 in spaceflight and spaceflight control conditions, respectively. Microgravity altered miRNA expression profiling by decreasing the number and significance of differentially expressed miRNA compared with 1 g incubation during spaceflight. Alterations in the miRNAs were involved in alterations in apoptosis, neurogenesis larval development, ATP metabolism and GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Among these, 17 altered miRNAs potentially involved in apoptosis were screened and showed obviously different expression signatures between space conditions. By integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA, miR-797 and miR-81 may be involved in apoptosis by targeting the genes ced-10 and both drp-1 and hsp-1, respectively. Compared with ground condition, space conditions regulated apoptosis though a different manner on transcription, by altering expression of seven core apoptotic genes in spaceflight condition, and eight in spaceflight control condition. Results indicate that, miRNA of Caenorhabditis elegans probably regulates apoptotic gene expression in response to space environmental stress, and shows different behavior under microgravity condition compared with 1 g condition in the presence of space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
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