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Panwar V, SenGupta S, Kumar S, Singh PP, Kumar A, Azizov S, Gupta MK, Kumar D. Discovery, lead identification and exploration of potential oxadiazole derivatives in targeting STAT3 as anti-cancer agents. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:83. [PMID: 39286329 PMCID: PMC11401806 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxadiazoles an important heterocyclic scaffold of medicinal importance in the field of drug discovery. In the study, a library of oxadiazole based compounds was selected for screening against STAT-3 as anti-cancer target. STAT3 is a potential target of interest in cancer therapy. A total of 544 screened library of compounds was subjected to molecular docking against STAT-3 (6NJS and 6NQU). The compounds with good dock score and binding interations were further subjected to in-silico ADME analysis followed by toxicity estimation. A total of 141 hits were selected against 6NJS and 50 hits against 6NQU and further screened for kinetic properties and drug likeliness. The compounds were screened on the basis of physico-chemical properties, solubility, gastrointestinal absorption, BBB permeability, synthetic accessibility, Lipinski and other violations. Best compounds obtained after ADME analysis were further subjected for toxicity analysis. Carcinogenecity, mutagenicity, Ames and other important parameters were considered for toxicity based screening. The best leads thus obtained (compound 114 and 40) were further subjected to molecular dynamics against the respective target proteins. MD simulations were run to access the stability of C-114 and C-40 along with the dynamic behaviour of both complexes for about 100 ns and shows good stability with the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Panwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Sounok SenGupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research, Prayagraj, 211010 India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar- 801505 India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, 100125 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 Haryana India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229 India
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Sobral DV, Salgado MRT, Martins MR, Vasconcelos CDS, Anunciação CEC, de Andrade VP, Torres LC. Prognostic role of SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44+/CD24 neg cells in the locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38825982 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is associated with a continuous increase in incidence, with high mortality rates in several countries. CD44, STAT3, and SOX2 are related to regulating of somatic cell division, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in BC. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) between 2017 and 2018. Fifty-one women with locally advanced (LA) and 14 with metastatic BC were included in the study. RESULTS High CD44+/CD24neg and CD44+/CD24neg/SOX2+ levels in Luminal B (LB), HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with controls (p < 0.05). Low CD44+/CD24negSTAT3+ levels in LB, HER2+, and TNBC compared with controls (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes, and low STAT3 + T, and SOX2 + T levels in BC patients (p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in patients with axillary lymph node-negative (N0) compared with the axillary lymph node-positives (N1 and N2 groups; p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in N1 compared to N2 (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes and low SOX2 + T levels in the LA tumor compared to metastatic disease (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.02, respectively). High CD44 + /CD24negSTAT3+, and T lymphocyte levels in TNBC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p < 0.05). Low STAT3 + T levels in TBNC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p = 0.0266). CONCLUSION SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44 + /CD24neg cells in peripheral blood have prognostic roles in breast cancer. SOX2 and STAT3 expression are potential predictive biomarkers of disease progression in breast cancer regardless of tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise V Sobral
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R T Salgado
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario R Martins
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de S Vasconcelos
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Anunciação
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leuridan C Torres
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lakshmanan K, T K P, K Pai SR, Rajagopal K, Byran G. Discovery of potential inhibitors for stat3: ligand based 3D pharmacophore, virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamic studies and in vitro evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11320-11338. [PMID: 34463213 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1957717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A large analysis of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) in cancer is currently being carried out. It regulates gene expression, which is required for normal cellular functions such as differentiation, cell growth, proliferation, survival, maturation, and immunity. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was created using 3 D QSAR pharmacophore generation methodology in Discovery studio 4.1 clients to imagine structurally diverse novel chemical entities as STAT3 inhibitors with improved efficacy. Chemical properties of 48 different derivatives were included in the training package. Hypo1 was chosen as the query model for screening 1,45,000 drug-like molecules from the SPECS database, with these molecules subjected to the Lipinski rule of 5, Verber's rule, and SMART filtration. After filtration, the molecule was examined further using molecular docking analysis on the active site of STAT3. The binding interaction(s) and pharmacophore mapping were used to select the 19 possible inhibitory molecules. These 19 hits were then tested for toxicity using the TOPKAT software. In MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations, the tested compound specs 28 provided the best results, suggesting that this ligand has the ability to inhibit more effectively. Based in-silico finding 19 compounds are subjected to in vitro anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Based on results compounds specs 11 and specs 13 shows significant activity compared to other compounds and these compounds were subjected to apoptosis assay. The tested compounds induced morphologic changes were dose and time dependent by which all the tested compound exhibits stronger anti-tumor effects.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviarasan Lakshmanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen T K
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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Hong YK, Wu CH, Lin YC, Huang YL, Hung KS, Pai TP, Liu YT, Chen TC, Chan H, Hsu CK. ASC-J9 Blocks Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production of Keloid Fibroblasts through Inhibiting STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105549. [PMID: 35628356 PMCID: PMC9141592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are a fibrotic skin disorder caused by abnormal wound healing and featuring the activation and expansion of fibroblasts beyond the original wound margin. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been found to mediate the biological functions of keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate whether ASC-J9, an inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, can suppress the activation of KFs. Western blotting results showed that ASC-J9 inhibited the levels of COL1A1 and FN1 proteins, which were upregulated in KFs, by decreasing the expression of pSTAT3 and STAT3. RNA sequencing and in vitro studies further demonstrated that ASC-J9 treatment of KFs reduced cell division, inflammation, and ROS generation, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. ELISA assays verified that ASC-J9 treatment significantly mitigated IL-6 protein secretion in KFs. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that ASC-J9 induced the formation of multilamellar bodies in KFs, which is associated with autophagy-related signaling. These results suggested that inhibiting a vicious cycle of the ROS/STAT3/IL-6 axis by ASC-J9 may represent a potential therapeutic approach to suppress cell proliferation and ECM production in KFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-K.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-L.H.)
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Wu
- Allianz Pharmascience, Ltd. (Now AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd.), Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-P.P.); (Y.-T.L.); (T.-C.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-K.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-L.H.)
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-K.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Kuo-Shu Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Pin Pai
- Allianz Pharmascience, Ltd. (Now AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd.), Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-P.P.); (Y.-T.L.); (T.-C.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Yen-Ting Liu
- Allianz Pharmascience, Ltd. (Now AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd.), Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-P.P.); (Y.-T.L.); (T.-C.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Tzu-Chi Chen
- Allianz Pharmascience, Ltd. (Now AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd.), Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-P.P.); (Y.-T.L.); (T.-C.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Hardy Chan
- Allianz Pharmascience, Ltd. (Now AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd.), Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-P.P.); (Y.-T.L.); (T.-C.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-K.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-L.H.)
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535-5415
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Kang JH, Jang YS, Lee HJ, Lee CY, Shin DY, Oh SH. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling induces apoptosis and suppresses growth of lung cancer: good and bad. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:30. [PMID: 32257917 PMCID: PMC7081529 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) modulates a variety of genes involved in the regulation of critical functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunity. For many cancers, elevated levels of STAT3 signaling have been associated with a poor prognosis and the development of chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3, STX-0119, on the cell viability and survival of human lung cancer cells. STX-0119 inhibited activated STAT3 and the expression of STAT3-regulated oncoproteins such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and survivin in lung cancer cells. STX-0119 also decreased the amount of STAT3 in the nuclear fraction as well as induced apoptosis of these lung cancer cell lines as evidenced by increases in apoptotic cells (Annexin V positive) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. The efficacy of STX-0119 in a mouse xenograft model was confirmed. However, a hematological side effect, which had not been previously reported, was observed. The level of white blood cells was significantly lowered when treated at the dose at which STX-0119 alone showed a significant tumor-suppressive effect. In conclusion, we suggest that STX-0119 may be a potent therapeutic agent against lung cancer. Consideration of the side effect suggests, it is necessary to study whether low-dose STX-0119 is effective for lung treatment with a combination of classic lung cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Su Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Al-Jawadi A, Rasha F, Ramalingam L, Alhaj S, Moussa H, Gollahon L, Dharmawardhane S, Moustaid-Moussa N. Protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in adipocyte-breast cancer cell cross talk. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108244. [PMID: 31704550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women among all cancer types. Obesity is one of the factors that promote progression of breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. Increasingly, adipose tissue is recognized for its active role in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that adipocytes conditioned medium can impact breast cancer progression by increasing inflammatory cytokines production by cancer cells, and subsequently increasing their motility. By contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an anti-inflammatory n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, reduces adipocyte-secreted inflammatory factors, leading to reduced cancer cell motility. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the direct effects of EPA on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the effects of conditioned medium from 3 T3-L1 or human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC)-derived adipocytes treated with or without EPA supplementation on breast cancer cells. We observed that conditioned medium from HMSC-derived adipocytes significantly increased mRNA transcription levels of cancer-associated genes such as FASN, STAT3 and cIAP2, while EPA-treated HMSC-derived adipocytes significantly reduced mRNA levels of these genes. However, direct EPA treatment significantly reduced mRNA content of these tumor-associated markers (FASN, STAT3, cIAP-2) only in MDA-MB-231 cells not in MCF-7 cells. Conditioned medium from EPA-treated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes further decreased inflammation, cell motility and glycolysis in cancer cells. Our data confirms that adipocytes play a significant role in promoting breast cancer progression and demonstrates that EPA-treated adipocytes reduced the negative impact of adipocyte-secreted factors on breast cancer cell inflammation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 794909, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 794909, USA
| | - Sara Alhaj
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 794909, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main st, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 794909, USA
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 794909, USA.
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8
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Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050946. [PMID: 31035454 PMCID: PMC6566902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, present in grapes, mulberries, peanuts, rhubarb, and in several other plants. Resveratrol can play a beneficial role in the prevention and in the progression of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancers among other conditions. Moreover, resveratrol regulates immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines’ synthesis, and gene expression. At the molecular level, it targets sirtuin, adenosine monophosphate kinase, nuclear factor-κB, inflammatory cytokines, anti-oxidant enzymes along with cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Resveratrol can suppress the toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes’ expression. The antioxidant activity of resveratrol and the ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute to its anti-inflammation properties. The effects of this biologically active compound on the immune system are associated with widespread health benefits for different autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review offers a systematic understanding of how resveratrol targets multiple inflammatory components and exerts immune-regulatory effects on immune cells.
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9
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Self-renewal signaling pathways in breast cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 107:140-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Rios-Fuller TJ, Ortiz-Soto G, Lacourt-Ventura M, Maldonado-Martinez G, Cubano LA, Schneider RJ, Martinez-Montemayor MM. Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) impairs breast cancer stem cells by targeting the STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35907-35921. [PMID: 30542507 PMCID: PMC6267592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive nature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) may be explained in part by the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a subpopulation of cells, which are involved in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway participates in the development and progression of BCSCs, but its role in TNBC remains unclear. Here, we report that Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE), a medicinal mushroom with anticancer activity, acts on BCSCs in vitro and in TNBC pre-clinical animal tumor models by downregulating the STAT3 pathway. We show that GLE significantly reduces TNBC cell viability, and down-regulates total and phosphorylated STAT3 expression. This is consistent with the reduction of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 expression, reduction in the BCSC population by loss of the ALDH1 and CD44+/CD24– population, the deformation of mammospheres, and the strong reduction in animal tumor volume and tumor weight. Analysis of the BCSC compartment in tumors revealed that GLE decreases the STAT3 pathway and the expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in BCSCs. These findings demonstrate that the anti-cancer activity of GLE targets BCSCs of TNBC through the downregulation of the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Rios-Fuller
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Ortiz-Soto
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Lacourt-Ventura
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | | | - Luis A Cubano
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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Ji P, Wang L, Liu J, Mao P, Li R, Jiang H, Lou M, Xu M, Yu X. Knockdown of RPL34 inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells through the inactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3259-3267. [PMID: 30216512 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34), belonging to the L34E family of ribosomal proteins, was reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers and plays important roles in tumor progression. However, the expression and roles of RPL34 in human glioma remain largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of RPL34 in glioma. We report here that RPL34 is highly expressed in human glioma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of RPL34 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as prevented the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in glioma cells. Further, mechanistic analysis showed that knockdown of RPL34 significantly downregulated the levels of p-JAK and p-STAT3 in glioma cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that knockdown of RPL34 inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells through the inactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, RPL34 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruichun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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12
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p38 Expression and Modulation of STAT3 Signaling in Oral Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:183-192. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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A preliminary immunohistochemical study of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins in primary oral malignant melanoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:164-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Yang CW, Wang SF, Yang XL, Wang L, Niu L, Liu JX. Identification of gene expression models for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using co-expression network analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9738. [PMID: 29443735 PMCID: PMC5839854 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common head and neck cancers is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). LSCC exhibits high mortality rates and has a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms leading to the development and progression of LSCC are not entirely clear despite genetic and therapeutic advances and increased survival rates. In this study, a total of 116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 11 upregulated genes and 105 downregulated genes, were screened from LSCC samples and compared with adjacent noncancerous. Statistically significant differences (log 2-fold difference > 0.5 and adjusted P-value < .05) were found in this study in the expression between tumor and nontumor larynx tissue samples. Nine cancer hub genes were found to have a high predictive power to distinguish between tumor and nontumor larynx tissue samples. Interestingly, they also appear to contribute to the progression of LSCC and malignancy via the Jak-STAT signaling pathway and focal adhesion. The model could separate patients into high-risk and low-risk groups successfully when only using the expression level of mRNA signatures. A total of 4 modules (blue, gray, turquoise, and yellow) were screened for the DEGs in the weighted co-expression network. The blue model includes cancer-specific pathways such as pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, Hippo signaling pathway, melanoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer, and proteoglycans in cancer. Endocrine resistance (CCND1, RAF1, RB1, and SMAD2) and Hippo signaling pathway (CCND1, LATS1, SMAD2, and TP53BP2) could be of importance in LSCC, because they had high connectivity degrees in the blue module. Results from this study provide a powerful biomarker discovery platform to increase understanding of the progression of LSCC and to reveal potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of LSCC. Improved monitoring of LSCC and resulting improvement of treatment of LSCC might result from this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-wei Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center
| | - Shu-fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-li Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center
| | - Lin Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center
| | - Ji-Xiang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center
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15
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STAT3 Gene Silencing by Aptamer-siRNA Chimera as Selective Therapeutic for Glioblastoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:398-411. [PMID: 29499951 PMCID: PMC5862137 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, and despite advances in neuro-oncology, the prognosis for patients remains dismal. The signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) has been reported as a key regulator of the highly aggressive mesenchymal GBM subtype, and its direct silencing (by RNAi oligonucleotides) has revealed a great potential as an anti-cancer therapy. However, clinical use of oligonucleotide-based therapies is dependent on safer ways for tissue-specific targeting and increased membrane penetration. The objective of this study is to explore the use of nucleic acid aptamers as carriers to specifically drive a STAT3 siRNA to GBM cells in a receptor-dependent manner. Using an aptamer that binds to and antagonizes the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFRβ (Gint4.T), here we describe the design of a novel aptamer-siRNA chimera (Gint4.T-STAT3) to target STAT3. We demonstrate the efficient delivery and silencing of STAT3 in PDGFRβ+ GBM cells. Importantly, the conjugate reduces cell viability and migration in vitro and inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Our data reveals Gint4.T-STAT3 conjugate as a novel molecule with great translational potential for GBM therapy.
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16
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Lei Y, Liu L, Zhang S, Guo S, Li X, Wang J, Su B, Fang Y, Chen X, Ke H, Tao W. Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting Stat3 activation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:170. [PMID: 29126425 PMCID: PMC5681774 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development have not been fully understood. The functions of histone deacetylases (HDACs), a class of total eighteen proteins (HDAC1–11 and SIRT1–7 in mammals) that deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins, in cancers are largely unknown. Methods Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice and HDAC7-depleted human lung cancer cell lines were used as models for studying the function of Hdac7 gene in lung cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to explore the relationship between HDAC7 expression and prognosis of human lung cancers. Recombinant lentivirus-mediated in vivo gene expression or knockdown, Western blotting, and pull-down assay were applied to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism by which Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis. Results The number and burden of lung tumor were dramatically reduced in Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice compared to control K-Ras mice. Also, in Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and apoptosis in lung tumors was greatly enhanced. Similarly, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of human lung cancer cell lines expressing shHDAC7 were also significantly suppressed and apoptosis was dramatically elevated respectively. Mechanistic study revealed that Hdac7 mutation in mouse lung tumors or HDAC7 depletion in human tumor cell lines resulted in significantly enhanced acetylation and tyrosine-phosphorylation of Stat3 and HDAC7 protein directly interacted with and deacetylateed STAT3. The Hdac7 mutant-mediated inhibitory effects on lung tumorigenesis in mice and cell proliferation/soft agar colony formation of human lung cancer cell lines were respectively reversed by expressing dnStat3. Finally, the high HDAC7 mRNA level was found to be correlated with poor prognosis of human lung cancer patients. Conclusion Our study suggests that Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting Stat3 activation via deacetylating Stat3 and may shed a light on the design of new therapeutic strategies for human lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0736-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lei
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Su
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Fang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hengning Ke
- Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Wufan Tao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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17
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Blueberry and malvidin inhibit cell cycle progression and induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by abrogating the JAK/STAT-3 signalling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:534-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Salama E, Eldeen GN, Abdel Rasheed M, Abdel Atti S, Elnoury A, Taha T, Azmy O. Differentially expressed genes: OCT-4, SOX2, STAT3, CDH1 and CDH2, in cultured mesenchymal stem cells challenged with serum of women with endometriosis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 16:63-69. [PMID: 30647706 PMCID: PMC6296653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disorder defined as the presence of ectopic functional endometrial tissues, outside uterine cavity, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum and the ovaries. Several studies revealed a correlation between aberrant stem-cell activity in the endometrium and endometriosis. Yet the molecular and cellular behaviors of mesnchymal stem cells in development of endometriosis are hampered by lack of invitro experiments. Our aim was to explore morphological and molecular changes associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposition to serum derived from women with severe endometriosis. Two cell cultures of MSCs isolated from endometrial tissues of two endometriosis-free women. Each cell culture was treated individually with the serum of women with endometriosis (experimental group/n = 7), and serum of women without endometriosis (control group/ n = 4) for 14 days. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed later to reveal expression of OCT-4, CDH1 and CDH2, STAT3 and SOX2 genes. Morphologically, cells showed no significant changes. However from molecular point of view, we found increased expression in OCT-4, CDH1 and CDH2. For STAT3 and SOX2 we did not find a significant difference. This study shows that endometriosis serum induced molecular changes in human endometrial MSCs (EnMSCs) that might be related to altered cell behavior which may be a step in differentiation that may be completed invivo by other factors to complete the process of transition. Further researches are needed for optimization to reach differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Salama
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour Eldeen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mazen Abdel Rasheed
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdel Atti
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elnoury
- Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Taha
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Azmy
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Son KJ, Choi KR, Ryu CK, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Lee H. Induction of immunogenic cell death of tumors by newly synthesized heterocyclic quinone derivative. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173121. [PMID: 28282460 PMCID: PMC5345761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer types are serious diseases causing mortality, and new therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety are required. Immuno-(cell)-therapy is considered as one of the promising therapeutic strategies for curing intractable cancer. In this study, we tested R2016, a newly developed heterocyclic quinone derivative, for induction of immunogenic tumor cell death and as a possible novel immunochemotherapeutic. We studied the anti-cancer effects of R2016 against LLC, a lung cancer cell line and B16F10, a melanoma cell line. LLC (non-immunogenic) and B16F10 (immunogenic) cells were killed by R2016 in dose-dependent manner. R2016 reduced the viability of both LLC and B16F10 tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis, while it demonstrated no cytotoxicity against normal splenocytes. Expression of immunogenic death markers on the cell surface of R2016 treated tumor cells including calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) was increased along with the induction of their genes. Increased CRT expression correlated with dendritic cell (DC) uptake of dying tumor cells: the proportion of CRT+CD11c+cells was increased in the R2016-treated group. The gene transcription of Calr3, Hspb1, and Tnfaip6, which are related to immunogenicity induction of dead cells, was up-regulated in the R2016 treated tumor cells. On the other hand, ANGPT1, FGF7, and URGCP gene levels were down-regulated by R2016 treatment. This data suggests that R2016 induced immunogenic tumor cell death, and suggests R2016 as an effective anti-tumor immunochemotherapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-joo Son
- R&D Center, Pharmicell Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki ryung Choi
- R&D Center, Pharmicell Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Kyu Ryu
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Jae Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Lee
- R&D Center, Pharmicell Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ramalingam S, Ramamurthy VP, Njar VCO. Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:16-27. [PMID: 27481707 PMCID: PMC7371258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilmurugan Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vidya P Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
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