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Muktar MS, Bizuneh T, Anderson W, Assefa Y, Negawo AT, Teshome A, Habte E, Muchugi A, Feyissa T, Jones CS. Analysis of global Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) collections reveals high genetic diversity among genotypes with some redundancy between collections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14509. [PMID: 37667017 PMCID: PMC10477186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity amongst genotypes of several Napier grass collections was analyzed and compared with the diversity in a set of open pollinated progeny plants. A total of 114,881 SNP and 46,293 SilicoDArT genome-wide markers were generated on 574 Napier grass genotypes. Of these, 86% of the SNP and 66% of the SilicoDArT markers were mapped onto the fourteen chromosomes of the Napier grass genome. For genetic diversity analysis, a subset of highly polymorphic and informative SNP markers was filtered using genomic position information, a maximum of 10% missing values, a minimum minor allele frequency of 5%, and a maximum linkage-disequilibrium value of 0.5. Extensive genetic variation, with an average Nei's genetic distance value of 0.23, was identified in the material. The genotypes clustered into three major and eleven sub-clusters with high levels of genetic variation contained both within (54%) and between (46%) clusters. However, we found that there was low to moderate genetic differentiation among the collections and that some overlap and redundancy occurred between collections. The progeny plants were genetically diverse and divergent from the germplasm collections, with an average FST value of 0.08. We also reported QTL regions associated with forage biomass yield based on field phenotype data measured on a subset of the Napier grass collections. The findings of this study offer useful information for Napier grass breeding strategies, enhancement of genetic diversity, and provide a guide for the management and conservation of the collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meki S Muktar
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelech Bizuneh
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Centre, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - William Anderson
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 115 Coastal Ways, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Yilikal Assefa
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu T Negawo
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Teshome
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Habte
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alice Muchugi
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chris S Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Wang L, Cao Z, Zou J, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang Z. Urea-pretreated corn stover: Physicochemical characteristics, delignification kinetics, and methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123097. [PMID: 32192958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solids loading is a key factor in aqueous or gaseous ammonia production from urea. Methane production from urea-pretreated corn stover, as well as the physicochemical characteristics and delignification kinetics of the corn stover, were investigated with four solids loading values (10%-70%) and five ratios of urea to corn stover (1:100-7:10) at 35 °C for 6 weeks. A 1:20 ratio of urea to corn stover was optimal for achieving high lignin removal with ≤50% solids loading, and 7:10 was optimal with 70% solids loading. Under the two optimal conditions, 85.56% and 82.35% of cellulose and 85.76% and 85.49% of hemicellulose were retained. The maximum lignin removal rates of 69.67% and 68.27% and methane production of 294.70 and 292.56 L/kg volatile solids (VS) were achieved, respectively. The delignification kinetics of the urea-pretreated corn stover conformed to three first-order reactions. Most of the lignin was degraded within the first 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianyang Zou
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yibo Li
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Evaluation of Napier Grass for Bioethanol Production through a Fermentation Process. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the widely used liquid biofuels in the world. The move from sugar-based production into the second-generation, lignocellulosic-based production has been of interest due to an abundance of these non-edible raw materials. This study interested in the use of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a common fodder in tropical regions and is considered an energy crop, for ethanol production. In this study, we aim to evaluate the ethanol production potential from the grass and to suggest a production process based on the results obtained from the study. Pretreatments of the grass by alkali, dilute acid, and their combination prepared the grass for further hydrolysis by commercial cellulase (Cellic® CTec2). Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques were investigated in ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces shehatae, a xylose-fermenting yeast. Pretreating 15% w/v Napier grass with 1.99 M NaOH at 95.7 °C for 116 min was the best condition to prepare the grass for further enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme dosage of 40 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g for 117 h. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by S. cerevisiae via SHF resulted in the best ethanol production of 187.4 g/kg of Napier grass at 44.7 g/L ethanol concentration. The results indicated that Napier grass is a promising lignocellulosic raw material that could serve a fermentation with high ethanol concentration.
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Zhao C, Shao Q, Chundawat SPS. Recent advances on ammonia-based pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122446. [PMID: 31791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia-based pretreatments have been extensively studied in the last decade as one of the leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulose biorefining. Here, we discuss the key features and compare performances of several leading ammonia-based pretreatments (e.g., soaking in aqueous ammonia or SAA, ammonia recycled percolation or ARP, ammonia fiber expansion or AFEX, and extractive ammonia or EA). We provide detailed insight into the distinct physicochemical mechanisms employed during ammonia-based pretreatments and its impact on downstream bioprocesses (e.g., enzymatic saccharification); such as modification of cellulose crystallinity, lignin/hemicellulose structure, and other ultrastructural changes such as cell wall porosity. Lastly, a brief overview of process technoeconomics and environmental impacts are discussed, along with recommendations for future areas of research on ammonia-based pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Wood-based Resource Utilization, School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjun Shao
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Uto T, Minamizaki M, Yui T. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Cellulose I-Ethylenediamine Complex Crystal Models. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:134-143. [PMID: 31794670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose I fibrils swell on exposure to ethylenediamine (EDA), which forms the cellulose I-EDA complex. These are regarded as host materials with guest intercalation. The present study reports molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cellulose I-EDA crystal models with finite fiber to reproduce desorption of EDA molecules. The force field parameters for EDA were improved. Part of the EDA molecules was desorbed only from the surfaces of the crystal models, not from their interiors. The EDA molecules diffused through a hydrophilic channel composed of the hydrophilic edges of the cellulose chains, and their conformations and orientations changed. With the configuration of the cellulose chains being held, the vacant hydrophilic channel was immediately filled with water molecules. The innermost part of the crystal models, defined as a core unit, was partly deformed from the initial crystal structure, including the changes in the exocyclic group conformations of the cellulose chains and the orientations of the EDA molecules, coupled with partial reconfiguration of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding scheme. A possible crystalline conversion scheme after complete desorption of EDA has been discussed based on the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Uto
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track , University of Miyazaki , Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , University of Miyazaki , Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Meguru Minamizaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , University of Miyazaki , Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , University of Miyazaki , Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
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He CR, Kuo YY, Li SY. Lignocellulosic butanol production from Napier grass using semi-simultaneous saccharification fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 231:101-108. [PMID: 28208065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass is a potential feedstock for biofuel production because of its strong adaptability and wide availability. Compositional analysis has been done on Napier grass which was collected from a local area of Taiwan. By comparing acid- and alkali-pretreatment, it was found that the alkali-pretreatment process is favorable for Napier grass. An overall glucose yield of 0.82g/g-glucosetotal can be obtained with the combination of alkali-pretreatment (2.5wt% NaOH, 8wt% sample loading, 121°C, and a reaction time of 40min) and enzymatic hydrolysis (40FPU/g-substrate). Semi-simultaneous saccharification fermentation (sSSF) was carried out, where enzymatic hydrolysis and ABE fermentation were operated in the same batch. It was found that after 24-h hydrolysis, followed by 96-h fermentation, the butanol and acetone concentrations reached 9.45 and 4.85g/L, respectively. The butanol yield reached 0.22g/g-sugarglucose+xylose. Finally, the efficiency of butanol production from Napier grass was calculated at 31%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ruei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Yasuda M, Ishii Y, Ohta K. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) as raw material for bioethanol production: Pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yasuda M, Nagai H, Takeo K, Ishii Y, Ohta K. Bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of a low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA)-pretreated napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:333. [PMID: 26034662 PMCID: PMC4447740 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient bio-ethanol production from napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) was investigated. A low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA)-pretreated napiegrass was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), which was performed at 36°C using Escherichia coli KO11, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellulase, and xylanase. It was found that use of xylanase as well as the LMAA-pretreatment was effective for the SSCF. After the SSCF for 96 h, the ethanol yield reached 74% of the theoretical yield based on the glucan (397 mg g-1) and xylan (214 mg g-1) occurring in dry powdered LMAA-pretreated napiergrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Hayato Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Keisuke Takeo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
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New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en7074087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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