Potentiality of biodiesel and bioethanol production from feedstock in Bangladesh: A review

The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the most promising opportunities for sustainable biofuel generations in Bangladesh. Many researchers provide their opinions with their experimental results, but there has been no overall statistics and potentiality for the sustainable production of biofuel such as bioethanol and biodiesel in Bangladesh. The paper reviews the recent statistical conditions and the potential of biodiesel and bioethanol production in Bangladesh compared to other countries. Basically, the paper focuses on the potentiality of various biofuel feedstocks like as soybean oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, algae, rubber seed oil, jatropha, karanja oil, castor, bahera, neem, rice bran oil, pitraj and also different types of residues, crops, fruits, wastes. Among these reviewed papers, it is revealed that Bangladesh can generate annually about 0.16 million tons of edible oil. In addition, Bangladesh has the ability to produce about 1001881 tons of biodiesel from 2387500 tons of non-edible oil. Also, 0.04 million metric tons of biodiesel can be made from rubber seed oil. On the other hand, about 32 metric tons of bioethanol from 65.36 metric tons of agricultural crop residues, and about 143670082.36 gallons of bioethanol from 10.22 million metric tons of potato that is enough to meet the demand of 5% bioethanol blend annually. Furthermore, Bangladesh can produce 31.65 million metric tons of bioethanol from rice residue and 1.34 million metric tons of crude rice bran oil from rice husk of the paddy. It is conjectured that these annual production of various feedstocks can be used as major sources of biofuel and also can meet the demands of biofuel in Bangladesh.

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Bangladesh has the ability to produce a sufficient amount of 1G and 2G biofuels from edible and non-edible oil feedstocks.

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Great potentiality of biodiesel production from the non-edible oils in Bangladesh.

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Bangladesh has great feasibility of large-scale bioethanol production from crops, residues, and fruits.

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Possibility of the reduction of greenhouse gas emission.

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Annual production of feedstocks is a major source of biofuel that meet the demands in Bangladesh.

State-of-the-Art of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engine Vehicles

Compression ignition engines play a significant role in the development of a country. They are widely used due to their innate properties such as high efficiency, high power output, and durability. However, they are considered one of the key contributors to transport-related emission and have recently been identified as carcinogenic. Thus, it is important to modify the designs and processes before, during, and after combustion to reduce the emissions to meet the strict emission regulations. The paper discusses the pros and cons of different strategies to reduce emissions of a diesel engine. An overview of various techniques to modify the pre-combustion engine design aspects has been discussed first. After that, fuel modifications techniques during combustion to improve the fuel properties to reduce the engine-out emission is discussed. Finally, post-combustion after-treatment devices are briefly discussed, which help improve the air quality of our environment.

Fatty Acids Composition of Mustard Oil from Two Cultivars and Physico-chemical Characteristics of the Seeds

Analyses of fatty acids were carried out in oil samples derived from white mustard. Two cultivars of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were evaluated: 'Borowska', and 'Bamberka'. The oil content in the seeds of the tested cultivars was 276 and 290 g/kg, respectively. The oils obtained differed significantly in the composition of fatty acids. The oil from 'Borowska' contained less saturated fatty acids (4.86%) in comparison to 'Bamberka' (10.36%). The content of erucic acid was 22.2% in the 'Borowska' oil, while the oil from 'Bamberka' contained only 3.8% of this component. The research shows that the oil pressed from 'Borowska' can be used for technical purposes, and the oil derived from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be used for food purposes due to the low content of erucic acid in the fatty acid composition and the beneficial fatty acid composition. As a component of diet, the low-erucic acid oil from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be a source of unsaturated fatty acids (total 67.25%). The lower levels of linoleic (9.46 %) and linolenic (8.35%) acid, compared with 'Borowska' (respectively: 12.5 and 10.5%), may contribute to increased oil oxidative stability during storage.

Biodiesel from plant seed oils as an alternate fuel for compression ignition engines-a review

The modern scenario reveals that the world is facing energy crisis due to the dwindling sources of fossil fuels. Environment protection agencies are more concerned about the atmospheric pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels. Alternative fuel research is getting augmented because of the above reasons. Plant seed oils (vegetable oils) are cleaner, sustainable, and renewable. So, it can be the most suitable alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. This paper reviews the availability of different types of plant seed oils, several methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils, and its properties. The different types of oils considered in this review are cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) oil, ginger oil, eucalyptus oil, rice bran oil, Calophyllum inophyllum, hazelnut oil, sesame oil, clove stem oil, sardine oil, honge oil, polanga oil, mahua oil, rubber seed oil, cotton seed oil, neem oil, jatropha oil, egunsi melon oil, shea butter, linseed oil, Mohr oil, sea lemon oil, pumpkin oil, tobacco seed oil, jojoba oil, and mustard oil. Several methods for production of biodiesel are transesterification, pre-treatment, pyrolysis, and water emulsion are discussed. The various fuel properties considered for review such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, and fire point are presented. The review also portrays advantages, limitations, performance, and emission characteristics of engine using plant seed oil biodiesel are discussed. Finally, the modeling and optimization of engine for various biofuels with different input and output parameters using artificial neural network, response surface methodology, and Taguchi are included.

A comparative study of almond biodiesel-diesel blends for diesel engine in terms of performance and emissions

This paper investigates the opportunity of using almond oil as a renewable and alternative fuel source. Different fuel blends containing 10, 30, and 50% almond biodiesel (B10, B30, and B50) with diesel fuel (B0) were prepared and the influence of these blends on emissions and some performance parameters under various load conditions were inspected using a diesel engine. Measured engine performance parameters have generally shown a slight increase in exhaust gas temperature and in brake specific fuel consumption and a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency. Gases investigated were carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Furthermore, the concentration of the total particulate and the unburned fuel emissions in the exhaust gas were tested. A blend of almond biodiesel with diesel fuel gradually reduced the engine CO and total particulate emissions compared to diesel fuel alone. This reduction increased with more almond biodiesel blended into the fuel. Finally, a slight increase in engine NO x using blends of almond biodiesel was measured.