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Toure NO, Gueye NRD, Mbow‐Diokhane A, Jenkins GS, Li M, Drame MS, Coker KAR, Thiam K. Observed and Modeled Seasonal Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Senegal During 2015 and 2016. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:423-442. [PMID: 32159028 PMCID: PMC7038905 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we use existing particulate matter (PM) data from Dakar, Senegal, satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to evaluate the role of dust transport from the Sahara and PM concentrations and exposure into other administrative districts of Senegal during 2015 and 2016. We also use data from the Ministry of Health to examine spatial and temporal patterns of acute respiratory infections, asthma, bronchitis, and tuberculosis across Senegal with an emphasis on Northern Hemisphere winter December-February, when air quality is poor, and June-August when there is an improvement in air quality. Measurements in Dakar, Senegal, suggest hazardous PM10 concentrations associated with Saharan dust storms but lower PM10 concentrations during the summer. The WRF dust simulations show a similar temporal pattern to the observations in Dakar, Senegal, with notable biases. However, the WRF model suggests that the highest dust concentrations are found across the northern half of Senegal during the winter season where there are no currently PM measurements. Health data during 2015-2016 show the highest prevalence of asthma and bronchitis in Dakar, Senegal, suggesting that other sources of air pollution are important. Acute respiratory infection is prevalent throughout the country with the high prevalence found in rural zones, for children between 12 and 59 months. All measures including real-time monitoring, air quality forecast, and communication should be used to protect the public from potentially hazardous environmental conditions during the winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafissatou Oumar Toure
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'OdontologieDakarSenegal
| | | | - Aminata Mbow‐Diokhane
- Centre de Gestion de la Qualité de l'Air, Direction de l'Environnement et des Etablissements ClassésDakarSenegal
| | - Gregory S. Jenkins
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Maggie Li
- Currently at Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mamadou S. Drame
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal
| | - Karen Adjoa Ronke Coker
- School of International Affairs, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Currently at Department of Environmental and Global HealthUniversity of Florida College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Khady Thiam
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'OdontologieDakarSenegal
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Ndong Ba A, Verdin A, Cazier F, Garcon G, Thomas J, Cabral M, Dewaele D, Genevray P, Garat A, Allorge D, Diouf A, Loguidice JM, Courcot D, Fall M, Gualtieri M. Individual exposure level following indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in Dakar (Senegal). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:397-407. [PMID: 30825765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of indoor and outdoor air pollution on human health are of great concern nowadays. In this study, we firstly evaluated indoor and outdoor air pollution levels (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, PM10) at an urban site in Dakar city center and at a rural site. Then, the individual exposure levels to selected pollutants and the variations in the levels of biomarkers of exposure were investigated in different groups of persons (bus drivers, traders working along the main roads and housemaids). Benzene exposure levels were higher for housemaids than for bus drivers and traders. High indoor exposure to benzene is probably due to cooking habits (cooking with charcoal), local practices (burning of incense), the use of cleaning products or solvent products which are important emitters of this compound. These results are confirmed by the values of S-PMA, which were higher in housemaids group compared to the others. Urinary 1-HOP levels were significantly higher for urban site housemaids compared to semirural district ones. Moreover, urinary levels of DNA oxidative stress damage (8-OHdG) and inflammatory (interleukin-6 and -8) biomarkers were higher in urban subjects in comparison to rural ones. The air quality measurement campaign showed that the bus interior was more polluted with PM10, CO, CO2 and NO than the market and urban or rural households. However, the interior of households showed higher concentration of VOCs than outdoor sites confirming previous observations of higher indoor individual exposure level to specific classes of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ndong Ba
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France.
| | - F Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - G Garcon
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, CHRU de Lille, France; IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS), EA 4483, Univ. Lille, France
| | - J Thomas
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, CHRU de Lille, France
| | - M Cabral
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - D Dewaele
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - P Genevray
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - A Garat
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, CHRU de Lille, France; IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS), EA 4483, Univ. Lille, France
| | - D Allorge
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, CHRU de Lille, France; IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS), EA 4483, Univ. Lille, France
| | - A Diouf
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - J M Loguidice
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, CHRU de Lille, France; IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS), EA 4483, Univ. Lille, France
| | - D Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - M Fall
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M Gualtieri
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
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