A Comparison of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Different Definitions in Climacteric Women

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) varies according to the different definitions available for clinical practice. The study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of MS according to the definitions of the American Heart Association (AHA)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBI), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) in a sample of climacteric women in Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study, using a probabilistic sampling by clusters, involved 874 climacteric women. Clinical and anthropometric variables were acquired while fasting, and MS was defined according to three recommendations. To define the agreement between different definitions on MS, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MS based on AHA/NHBI and IDF in relationship to the JIS definition. Results: The prevalence of MS was 56.9% according to the AHA/NHBI definition, 61.6% by the IDF, and 64.8% by the JIS definition, without statistical significance. When prevalence of MS was stratified by climacteric stages, the ability of the different definitions identifying MS was also similar among groups. It was observed that the MS definition proposed by AHA/NHBI identified 87.4% of MS cases from the total cases diagnosed by JIS, with agreement levels by the Kappa index of 0.835. The IDF detected 95.3% of MS cases compared to the JIS definition and the agreement level was 0.934. Conclusions: The study indicates a high prevalence of MS in climacteric women regardless of the definition used (AHA/NHBI, IDF e JIS). We did not observe significant divergences between definitions.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran

Metabolic syndrome is a set of cardiovascular risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and mortality. Women are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome as they enter the postmenopausal period. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian postmenopausal women. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 16 national articles published in Persian and English were gathered without time limit. National databases such as SIDs, IranMedex and MagIran, and international databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus were used to search the relevant studies. We searched for articles using the keywords "menopause", "postmenopausal", "metabolic syndrome", "MetSyn", and their combinations. Data were analyzed using the meta-analysis method and the random effects model. Analysis of 16 selected articles with a sample size of 5893 people showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian postmenopausal women was 51.6% (95% CI: 43-60). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on ATP III and IDF criteria was 54% (95% CI: 59-63) and 50% (95% CI: 45-56), respectively. Based on the results of univariate meta-regression analysis, the increase in the mean age of postmenopausal women (p = 0.001) and sample size (p = 0.029), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly. More than half of postmenopausal women in Iran suffer from metabolic syndrome. Providing training programs for postmenopausal women to prevent and control cardiovascular disease and its complications seems to be necessary.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among pre- and postmenopausal women, as well as the association between menopausal status and MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted at a reference cardiology outpatient clinic in a city located in Northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 958 medical records of symptomatic climacteric women evaluated between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. The study consisted of two groups: pre- and post-menopausal women. MS was characterized according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III - NCEP-ATP III-2005.

RESULTS

MS was observed in 18.5% of the total study population; 9.4% of the premenopausal women and 22.2% of the postmenopausal women displayed MS, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.75. In addition, the frequency of MS increased with age. Regarding the components of MS, postmenopausal women were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels < 50 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (SBP) values ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values ≥ 85 mmHg; and fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL.

CONCLUSION

MS was more prevalent among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women.

Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Keep Check?

BACKGROUND

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is on the rise due to the epidemic increase of obesity. It increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus.

AIMS

To study the prevalence of MetS and its components in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional comparative study.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Five hundred premenopausal women and 500 postmenopausal women in the age group 40-65 years, attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur from September 2012 to August 2014 were analyzed and assessed for the MetS risk factors and evaluated according to the NCEP ATP III criteria.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women was 48.6 %, nearly 1.7 times the prevalence in premenopausal women (27.4 %). Except for central obesity and low HDL cholesterol, the frequency of hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. All the five factors of NCEP ATP III criteria were present in 5 % of postmenopausal women in contrast to 0.4 % in premenopausal women.

CONCLUSION

Prevention is better than cure. The need of the hour is to target premenopausal women who are at risk of developing MetS in their postmenopausal age. It will delay and prevent them from future morbidities.