Abdullah M. Development of assessment methods for photovoltaic module enhancing techniques using the lifespan parameter

The photovoltaic module (PV) enhancer is a technology used for improving the PV performance. Recently, much research has been conducted to propose new concepts of PV enhancer such as coolers and reflectors. The PV enhancer performance is assessed by the common existing methods available in the literature, which solely depends on total exergy or energy, volume, area, weight and the manufacturing cost. These assessment methods are useful but cannot assess the PV enhancer's performance when considering the lifespan parameter. Hence, this study is intended to solve the current problem by linking the lifespan parameter into the existing methods by proposing three enhanced assessment methods: yield times lifespan per cost per area, yield times lifespan per cost per volume and yield times lifespan per cost per weight. The PV enhancer with the highest values of these factors will have the optimum performance. The influential parameters and limitations of the enhanced assessment methods are investigated. It is shown that the proposed methods can assess and classify the performance of the PV enhancer with different models when the lifespan is considered in the analysis. These assessment approaches can be applied by manufacturers and designers of PV enhancers.

Insight into the heat transfer of third-grade micropolar fluid over an exponentially stretched surface

Due to their unique microstructures, micropolar fluids have attracted enormous attention for their industrial applications, including convective heat and mass transfer polymer production and rigid and random cooling particles of metallic sheets. The thermodynamical demonstration is an integral asset for anticipating the ideal softening of heat transfer. This is because there is a decent connection between mathematical and scientific heat transfers through thermodynamic anticipated outcomes. A model is developed under the micropolar stream of a non-Newtonian (3rd grade) liquid in light of specific presumptions. Such a model is dealt with by summoning likeness answers for administering conditions. The acquired arrangement of nonlinear conditions is mathematically settled using the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg strategy. The outcomes of recognized boundaries on liquid streams are investigated in subtleties through the sketched realistic images. Actual amounts like Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin-part coefficient are explored mathematically by tables. It is observed that the velocity distribution boosts for larger values of any of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _1$$\end{document}α1, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β, and declines for larger \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _2$$\end{document}α2 and Hartmann numbers. Furthermore, the temperature distribution \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta (\eta )$$\end{document}θ(η) shows direct behavior with the radiation parameter and Eckert number, while, opposite behavior with Pr, and K. Moreover, the concentration distribution shows diminishing behavior as we put the higher value of the Brownian motion number.

Entropy Generation and Thermal Analysis on MHD Second-Grade Fluid with Variable Thermophysical Properties over a Stratified Permeable Surface of Paraboloid Revolution

Stratification is used in a wide range of energy storage fields, including solar thermal energy systems. This paper investigates entropy optimization and the effects of heat production, magnetic field, and various fluid parameters on the flow of second-grade fluid through unstratified and stably stratified paraboloids of revolution. In the heat transfer equation, stratification, linear thermal radiation, and Joule dissipation have all been explored. The similarity transformation is used to convert the governing PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. The HAM (homotopy analysis method) is used to solve dimensionless nonlinear ODEs. The impact of significant elements on various profiles is exposed and explored. Graphical results are used to examine the influence of the velocity profile, temperature, concentration, and entropy formation rate using tables to indicate the characteristics of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for numerous parameters. It is noticed that the velocity is enhanced by raising the stratification parameter, while the opposite behavior is observed for temperature distribution. The concentration profile declined as the solute stratification parameter was enhanced. For both the unstratified and stratified regions, incremental values of the Brinkman number and magnetic parameter depict augmentation in entropy production, while entropy production drops for a large value of the temperature ratio parameter.