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Chen H, Maron L, Segev G. Short-term intra-individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:184-190. [PMID: 36629796 PMCID: PMC9889610 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active-ongoing kidney damage is present in animals with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), as reflected by biomarkers in urine. Interpretation of serial messurements of biomarkers requires knowledge of its intra-individual variation. AIMS To evaluate the short-term intra-individual variation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 (uNGAL, uKIM-1, respectively) in dogs with stable CKD, and to determine whether normalization to urinary creatinine (uCr) decreases variation. ANIMALS Twenty-five dogs with naturally-occurring stable CKD. METHODS Prospective, observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with CKD based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Dogs were included only if the variation in serum creatinine concentration was <25% on at least 2 measurements during the 3 months preceding inclusion, and only if serum creatinine variation was <20% during the 14-day study period. Urine samples were collected on days 0, 4, 10 and 14. uNGAL and uKIM-1 were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The median coefficients of variation (CV) of uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr were 42% (range, 7%-127%), and 44% (range, 8%-100%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 97% and 83%, respectively. The median CV of uKIM-1 and uKIM-1/uCr were 29% (range, 16%-91%), and 23% (range, 6%-76%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 56% and 52%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Changes of >100% and >60% for uNGAL and uKIM-1, respectively, in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation and therefore might indicate need for further investigation for underlying causes of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Lotem Maron
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Adedeji AO, Sonee M, Chen Y, Lynch K, Peron K, King N, McDuffie JE, Vinken P. Evaluation of Novel Urinary Biomarkers in Beagle Dogs With Amphotericin B-Induced Kidney Injury. Int J Toxicol 2022; 42:146-155. [PMID: 36427267 PMCID: PMC9975886 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221142542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation urinary protein biomarkers have been qualified to enable monitoring for drug-induced kidney injury in toxicology studies conducted in rats. However, there is limited literature on the utility of these biomarkers in dogs. To add to the existing body of knowledge on the utility of the next-generation drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) biomarkers, we evaluated the value of these biomarkers for the early detection of DIKI in Beagle dogs using a differentiated nephrotoxicant, Amphotericin B (AmpB). In dogs with AmpB-induced kidney injury, we monitored the response of urinary albumin, total protein, clusterin, kidney injury molecule 1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. We also measured blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and cystatin C. The results showed that urinary clusterin (up to ∼ 112x) was much more sensitive to AmpB-induced kidney injury relative to other biomarkers. Moreover, other than urinary clusterin and to a much lesser extent urinary albumin and total protein, none of the other biomarkers analyzed in this study were more sensitive than blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. The AmpB related tubular alterations were characterized by minimal to mild, multifocal necrosis, degeneration, regeneration, dilatation and mineralization. The mild nature of these histopathologic findings further attested to the sensitivity of urinary clusterin to AmpB-induced kidney injury in dogs. These results will help drug developers make informed decisions when selecting urinary biomarkers for monitoring DIKI in dogs for toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O. Adedeji
- Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Adeyemi O. Adedeji, Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Manisha Sonee
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yafei Chen
- Toxicology, Altasciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Karen Lynch
- Nonclinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, CollegevilleUniversity, PA, USA
| | | | | | - James E. McDuffie
- Investigative Toxicology, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Petra Vinken
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
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Dias CS, Paz LN, Solcà MS, Portela RWD, Bittencourt MV, Pinna MH. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in the detection of early kidney injury in dogs with leptospirosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 76:101637. [PMID: 33706047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal damage, a common feature in canine leptospirosis, ranges from a subclinical affection to kidney dysfunction and death. Chances of recovery can be improved by early intervention. However, traditional biomarkers (serum urea and creatinine) have limited relevance for precocity. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane protein upregulated in early stages of tubular injury. This study evaluated the use of urinary KIM-1 to detect early renal injury in naturally occurring canine leptospirosis. This exploratory research included 30 dogs divided into two groups: (1) dogs with leptospirosis (n = 25) and (2) healthy dogs (n = 5). Leptospira sp. infection was diagnosed through urine PCR and/or direct bacteriologic culture and/or serology (single MAT titters ≥800). Additionally, stage of infection was further characterized in acute and subacute phases based on the onset of clinical symptoms from 3 to 7 days. Urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) concentrations were measured in both groups with a commercial canine ELISA kit. uKIM-1 levels were statistically different (P < 0.01) between the studied groups, especially in non-azotemic dogs (P = 0.0042). The biomarker showed 88 % sensibility to diagnosis of kidney injury at> 1.49 ng/mL cut-off. Urine KIM-1 was negatively correlated with urine specific gravity (USG) but accompanied histopathological evidence of renal degeneration, necrosis and regeneration processes, extending information on kidney health. Measurement of KIM-1 in the urine of canine patients was able to detect naturally occurring acute and subacute leptospirosis accompanied by tubular injury in early non-azotemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Dias
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - L N Paz
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - M S Solcà
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - R W D Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Av., Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil
| | - M V Bittencourt
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - M H Pinna
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil.
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Al-ghareebaw AM, Al-Okaily BN, Ibrahim OMS, Mohammed AD. Role of Olive leaves Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Alleviating The Molecular and Histological Changes of Kidney in Female Goats-Induced by Gentamicin (Part III). THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i(e0).1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective influence of olive leave extract zinc oxide nanoparticles (OLEZnONPs) complex against gentamicin–induced kidney dysfunctions in goats. Twenty five adult female goats were randomly divided into five equal groups and treated as follows: control group (C) administered sterile distilled water (IM) for 10 days, group G administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) for 7 days, group Z administered 10 ìg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GTZ administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) for 7 days and then 10 ìg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GWZ administered 25 mg/kg BWs gentamicin (IM) and 10 ìg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) together for first 3 days and then followed by gentamicin only for 4 days. After seven days of the experiment, the gene expression of kidney injury molcule-1(KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-association lipocalin (NGAL) gene expression of kidney tissue were measured. In addition, samples of kidney were obtained for histopathological examination. Gentamicin medication induced a marked elevation in kidney tissue KIM-1 and NGAL gene expression in G and GTZ groups compared to control and other groups. Intraperitoneal treatment of goats with OLEZnONPs did not significantly affect NGAL and KIM-1 gene expression in Z, GWZ, and control groups. Histologically, in contrast to control, gentamicin induced more extensive kidney damages such as necrotized glomeruli, atrophic glomeruli, and renal tubular epithelial necrosis, while it was found that these alterations in kidney tissues wereimproved in goats given OLEZnONPs with gentamicin compared to group G. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that OLEZnONPs reduce the deleterious effects of gentamicin with significantly decreasing of KIM-1 and NGAL gene expression and remodeling the histological changes of kidney in goats.
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McDuffie JE. Brief Overview: Assessment of Compound-induced Acute Kidney Injury Using Animal Models, Biomarkers, and In Vitro Platforms. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:978-990. [PMID: 30392454 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318807679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inability to unequivocally predict translatable drug-induced kidney injury in nonclinical studies during pharmacological development is evidenced by drug attrition in human clinical trials. Eight urinary proteins have been qualified as renal safety biomarkers for limited context of use in nonclinical drug development studies in rats. Formal qualification of human renal safety biomarkers is pending the submission of data from prospective clinical trials and analyses of biomarker performance to the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health and Predictive Safety Testing Consortium's Nephrotoxicity Working Group. In vitro kidney platforms may be leveraged to investigate the potential risk of compound-induced acute kidney injury and/or dysfunction. The early assessment of drug-related kidney safety profiles using biomarker-level changes in animal models and in vitro platforms could significantly reduce renal safety-related drug attrition; yet, there are no well-validated in vitro systems to enable comprehensive investigations of compound-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing nephron-specific damage. Traditional and emerging biomarker panels should be combined with histopathology and/or cytopathology to enable early identification of compound-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McDuffie
- Mechanistic & Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
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Aldahmash BA, El-Nagar DM, Ibrahim KE. Reno-protective effects of propolis on gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in swiss albino mice. Nefrologia 2016; 36:643-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Nokireki T, Nevalainen M, Sihvonen L, Gadd T. Adverse reactions from consumption of oral rabies vaccine baits in dogs in Finland. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:53. [PMID: 27633386 PMCID: PMC5025549 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral rabies vaccination of wildlife has effectively reduced the incidence of rabies in wildlife and has led to the elimination of rabies in large areas of Europe. The safety of oral rabies vaccines has been assessed in both target (red fox and raccoon dog) and several non-target species. CASE PRESENTATION Since 2011, the competent authority in Finland has received a few reports of dogs experiencing adverse reactions that have been assumed to be caused by the consumption of baits containing oral rabies vaccine. The dogs usually exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, inappetence, constipation or diarrhoea) or behavioral symptoms (restlessness, listlessness and unwillingness to continue hunting). CONCLUSIONS Nevertheless, these adverse reactions are transient and non-life threatening. Even though the adverse reactions are unpleasant to individual dogs and their owners, the benefits of oral rabies vaccination clearly outweigh the risks.
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McDuffie JE, Chen Y, Ma JY, Lee S, Lynch KM, Hamlin DM, Nguyen L, Rizzolio M, Sonee M, Snook S. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity in male beagle dogs: next-generation protein kidney safety biomarker tissue expression and related changes in urine. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1202-1215. [PMID: 30090426 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This 10-day (D) study was conducted to evaluate changes in traditional and newer kidney safety biomarker expression levels in dogs. Animals received cisplatin (CDDP, 0.75 mg per kg per day) or 0.9% Saline (vehicle) for 5 days. Serum/urine samples were collected at various time points. Cage-side observations included emesis (D1-2/D4-D5/D7-9), absence of stool (D5-9/D11), soft stool (D4-7/D12), excessive salivation (D1/D3/D5-6), decreased food consumption (D5-8), decreased activity (D7-8) and/or dehydration (D7). Animals were necropsied when serum creatinine (sCr) levels measured at ≥1.9 mg dL-1, indicating significant loss of renal function; or at the end of the study (D11). When compared to controls, increases in BUN/sCr were detected on D3, D5 and/or D8. Increases in urinary total protein (Ur TP) were noted on D6. The moribund dog that was euthanized early on D7 showed insignificant increases in urinary osteopontin (Ur OPN), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ur NGAL), urinary clusterin (Ur CLU), sCr, serum cystatin C (sCYS C) and urinary cystatin C (Ur CYS C) on D5 when compared to controls. Insignificant increases in urinary albumin (Ur ALB) were observed from an animal that was euthanized on D7 and 1 : 2 surviving animals on D8 relative to baseline. From three dogs that were euthanized on D9, increases in Ur CLU, and/or sCYS C were noted on D8 relative to baseline. The two surviving dogs showed elevated Ur CLU and 1 : 2 surviving dogs showed elevated Ur CYS C. Decreased urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (Ur KIM-1) on D3/D5 was evident (versus baseline and controls). CDDP-induced cortico-medullary lesions were characterized as minimal to mild tubule degeneration/necrosis, dilatation, regeneration, cell alteration, intratubular casts, interstitial inflammation and vacuolization. Increased Ur OPN and Ur CLU correlated with enhanced OPN and CLU immunopositive staining in damaged cortical epithelium in the proximal tubules. Enhanced KIM-1 staining in damaged cortico-medullary tubular epithelium appeared in the absence of rises in Ur KIM-1. This study showed changes in kidney safety protein biomarkers associated with CDDP nephrotoxicity in dogs and possibly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E McDuffie
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - Y Chen
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - J Y Ma
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - S Lee
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - K M Lynch
- Department of Safety Assessment , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , PA , USA
| | - D M Hamlin
- Investigative Toxicology , Eli Lilly & Co. , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - L Nguyen
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - M Rizzolio
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - M Sonee
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - S Snook
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
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Arunvikram K, Mohanty I, Sardar KK, Palai S, Sahoo G, Patra RC. Adverse drug reaction and toxicity caused by commonly used antimicrobials in canine practice. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.299-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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