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Redondo-Pérez P, Sansano-Maestre J, Alarcón-Elbal PM, Ahuir-Baraja AE, Escudero-Cervera A, Garijo-Toledo MM. Ovine dicrocoeliosis in Castellón province, eastern Spain: Prevalence, dynamics, and comparative study of different diagnostic techniques. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 53:101073. [PMID: 39025543 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dicrocoeliosis is a parasitic disease that mainly affects ruminants during grazing, caused by trematodes of the genus Dicrocoelium, with D. dendriticum being the most common species worldwide. This parasitosis is a chronic and generally subclinical process, with nonspecific signs, which makes its diagnosis challenging. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and seasonal dynamics of D. dendriticum infection in adult sheep from the Valencian Community, eastern Spain, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of flotation and sedimentation techniques when compared with the macroscopic exam of the liver. From February to May 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, a total of 290 adult sheep were examined. The animals were sourced from Castellón province, where a semi-intensive production system predominates. Each animal was euthanized and underwent a macroscopic examination of the liver, as well as a fecal analysis. Among the sampled animals, 117 (40.6%) tested positive for adult trematodes in their liver, while 87 (30%) showed evidence of trematode eggs in the coprological exam, reaching a total of 126 sheep parasitized, with a prevalence of 43.4%. The parasitic burden was established in 90.3 adults per animal when the liver was examined and in 54.5 eggs per gram when the sedimentation coprological exam was performed. No eggs were observed when the flotation technique was employed. A positive correlation was found between the number of adults in the liver and the fecal egg count. No significant differences were detected in the prevalence or parasitic burden throughout the study. Considering the difficulty in controlling the intermediate hosts and the complexity of the life cycle, effective diagnostic methods, combined with the adoption of other preventive measures, is crucial to achieving proper management of this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Redondo-Pérez
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Sansano-Maestre
- Department of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Experimental Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Escudero-Cervera
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Magdalena Garijo-Toledo
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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Rizwan HM, Zohaib HM, Sajid MS, Abbas H, Younus M, Farid MU, Iftakhar T, Muzaffar HA, Hassan SS, Kamran M, Raza MH, Bajwa MH. Inflicting Significant Losses in Slaughtered Animals: Exposing the Hidden Effects of Parasitic Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1291. [PMID: 38003757 PMCID: PMC10674797 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We started a campaign in the heart of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, to expose the hidden threats of parasitic illnesses in ruminants and the severe financial consequences associated with them. Our in-depth investigations focused on the prevalence, impact, and astounding financial losses brought on by organ contamination in slaughtered animals. Of the 384 slaughtered ruminants examined for gastrointestinal parasites, a prevalence of 44.79% was recorded. It is interesting to note that we found no conclusive association between parasitic infection and the various ruminant species under study (p > 0.05). However, goats (52.0%) had the highest numerical prevalence of parasitic infection, followed by cattle (46.1%), buffalo (46.0%), and sheep (34.7%) in that order. A significant finding (p < 0.05) showed that the majority of animals had light parasitism (46.5%), as opposed to those with moderate (30.2%) or severe loads (23.2%). Our research revealed substantial (p < 0.05) relationships between ruminant age, sex, and parasitic infection prevalence. In comparison to females (56.4%) and adults (48.1%), males (36.1%) and young (36.9%) ruminants showed considerably decreased infection rates (p < 0.05). On the other hand, we discovered a non-significant (p > 0.05) association between the months and the prevalence of parasitic infection. As a result of the condemnation of contaminated organs such as the rumen, lungs, and liver, an estimated financial loss of PKR 133,731,400 (USD = 466,939.2) was incurred. The yearly economic losses caused by liver condemnation were much greater than those caused by rumen and lung condemnation (p < 0.05). Our research not only reported a significantly higher abundance but also economic threats of the parasitic diseases among the slaughtered animals in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Our findings highlighted the critical need for preventive and therapeutic interventions for parasitic infections in animals, in order to mitigate the economic losses through strengthened animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.M.Z.); (H.A.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zohaib
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.M.Z.); (H.A.)
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Haider Abbas
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.M.Z.); (H.A.)
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Section of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Umar Farid
- Section of Meat Science, Department of Animal Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Tahira Iftakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Hizqeel Ahmed Muzaffar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.A.M.); (S.S.H.); (M.K.); (M.H.R.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Syed Soban Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.A.M.); (S.S.H.); (M.K.); (M.H.R.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.A.M.); (S.S.H.); (M.K.); (M.H.R.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Raza
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.A.M.); (S.S.H.); (M.K.); (M.H.R.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Muhammad Haziq Bajwa
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (H.A.M.); (S.S.H.); (M.K.); (M.H.R.); (M.H.B.)
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Maurizio A, Perrucci S, Tamponi C, Scala A, Cassini R, Rinaldi L, Bosco A. Control of gastrointestinal helminths in small ruminants to prevent anthelmintic resistance: the Italian experience. Parasitology 2023; 150:1105-1118. [PMID: 37039466 PMCID: PMC10801368 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections are ubiquitous in grazing ruminants and cause significant costs due to production losses. Moreover, anthelmintic resistance (AR) in parasites is now widespread throughout Europe and poses a major threat to the sustainability of modern ruminant livestock farming. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes and liver- and rumen-flukes in Italian small ruminants are outdated and fragmentary. However, anthelmintics are commonly used to control these infections and often without prior diagnosis. Compared to other European countries, few reports of AR in small ruminants against levamisole, ivermectin and benzimidazoles have been published in Italy, but recent studies suggest that this phenomenon is spreading. Increased and integrated research efforts in developing innovative approaches to control helminth infections and AR are needed and must be tailored to the peculiarities of each context in order to be effectively implemented. This manuscript provides an overview on helminth prevalence and distribution, sustainable treatment strategies and integrated control approaches in small ruminants in Italy. The implementation of targeted treatments and targeted selective treatments is discussed based on different parameters, such as fecal egg count, degree of anaemia (FAMACHA© method), milk production and body condition score. In addition, several Italian studies have also investigated the implementation of alternative strategies such as the use of different natural bioactive compounds or genetic selection for resistance and resilience to helminth infections. These concrete solutions for helminth management in small ruminant farms in the country are reported and discussed, representing a valid example for other Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maurizio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Rizwan HM, Sajid MS, Younus M, Naeem MA, Taseer MSA, Ebaid H. Evaluation of trace elements in forages and their effect on gastrointestinal parasite burden in grazing sheep. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103768. [PMID: 37645686 PMCID: PMC10461023 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the trace elements (minerals) in forages fed to sheep and their effect on gastrointestinal parasite burdens. The ultimate objective was to determine the correlation between the burden of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and the level of trace minerals in sheep serum as a result of the forages they grazed on. A total of 384 faecal samples were collected from sheep in each of the districts (Sialkot and Multan) and examined quantitatively using the McMaster technique. Serum collected from them and plants were pre-treated, and spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of trace minerals (Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn). The level of these trace elements differed significantly (P < 0.05) in forages from both districts. In the district of Sialkot, the highest concentrations (mg/Kg) of Zn (38.53 ± 0.16) were found in Cichorium intybus, Cu (41.57 ± 0.07) in Cynodon dactylon, Mn (39.61 ± 0.05) in Parthenium hysterophorus, and Co (1.42 ± 0.03) in Coronopus didymus. In the district of Multan, the highest concentrations (mg/Kg) of Zn (39.43 ± 0.46) were found in Cichorium intybus, Cu (25.76 ± 0.36) in Cynodon dactylon, Mn (34.29 ± 0.53) in Launaea nudicaulis, and Co (1.74 ± 0.08) in Brachiaria raptens. The prevalence of GI parasites in sheep populations in district Sialkot was 34%, while in district Multan, it was 32%. In tehsil Sialkot of district Sialkot, Zn and Cu were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces, while in tehsil Multan City of district Multan, only Cu was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with EPG. The potential mechanism behind the role of trace minerals in lowering the burdens of GI parasites requires more investigation. It is recommended that plants with high content of trace minerals should be utilized as part of comprehensive preventive and control strategies against GI parasitism in ruminant animals like sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Section of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer
- Section of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Pilarczyk R, Bombik E, Seremak B, Udała J, Sadowska N. A Comparison of the Prevalence of the Parasites of the Digestive Tract in Goats from Organic and Conventional Farms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2581. [PMID: 34573546 PMCID: PMC8468771 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in goats kept on organic (n = 76) and conventional farms (n = 82). In general, a higher prevalence of some gastrointestinal parasitic infections was found in the conventional farms compared to the organic farms: the mean prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 85.4% in conventional farms and 77.6% in organic farms, that of Fasciola hepatica was 6.10% in conventional farms and 2.63% in organic farms, and that of Moniezia expansa was 31.7% and 17.1%, in conventional and organic farms, respectively. Both farm types demonstrated a similar mean prevalence of nematodes (80.3 vs. 84.2%). Conventional farms demonstrated a significantly higher intensity of infection with E. arloingi, Haemonchus spp., Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia expansa compared to organic farms. They also demonstrated a higher intensity of infection with Eimeria spp. than organic farms. The prophylactic programs used to combat parasitic infections in both types of farms appear ineffective and require improvement. There is a need for goat herds to be covered by ongoing parasitological monitoring. It is also recommended that keepers employ rotational or intensive rotational grazing methods and take care to ensure the hygiene of animal quarters and livestock rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.); (J.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.); (J.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bombik
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Beata Seremak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.); (J.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Jan Udała
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.); (J.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikola Sadowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.); (J.U.); (N.S.)
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Åkerfeldt MP, Gunnarsson S, Bernes G, Blanco-Penedo I. Health and welfare in organic livestock production systems—a systematic mapping of current knowledge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7685910 DOI: 10.1007/s13165-020-00334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically map and summarize the status of animal health and welfare in organic production. The prevalence of diseases and behavioural effects in organic dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep, pig, laying hen and broiler chicken were discussed in the context of the organic values and current knowledge on animal health and welfare. In total 166 peer-reviewed scientific publications between 2008 and 2020 were included. No strong evidence for neither inferior nor distinctly higher animal welfare in organic compared with conventional production could be supported. The welfare status of organic livestock is in general good in relation to the OIE definition of animal health and welfare. However, organic systems are still facing several challenges related to animal health and the arising of goal conflicts due to management and practical implications. Greater possibilities to perform species-specific behaviours in organic production systems, however, indicate that the organic standards offer a good framework for high animal welfare management. For organic dairy farmers, the main health problems are similar to those of non-organic farms; especially mastitis and lameness need improvement. Parasites, together with mastitis and lamb mortality, are important welfare issues in organic sheep production. Piglet mortality, leg problems, parasite load and increasing respiratory problems are of major relevance in organic pig production. For organic laying hens, major health challenges relate to feather pecking and cannibalism, parasites and possibilities to express species-specific behaviours. For organic broilers, dermatitis of footpads, hocks and breast are reported as main health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Presto Åkerfeldt
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Gun Bernes
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabel Blanco-Penedo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Veterinary Epidemiology, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dey AR, Begum N, Alim MA, Malakar S, Islam MT, Alam MZ. Gastro-intestinal nematodes in goats in Bangladesh: A large-scale epidemiological study on the prevalence and risk factors. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 9:e00146. [PMID: 32322695 PMCID: PMC7171516 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats greatly influence the economic sustainability of rural communities. However, parasitic diseases, especially gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major constraint on profitable small ruminants' production worldwide. During July- 2015 to June- 2016, we conducted a cross sectional study within seven topographic zones of Bangladesh to explore the level of infection and associated risk factors of GINs infections of goats. The study followed standard flotation and modified McMaster techniques. Among 1998 samples from goats; 1241 (62.1%) were found to be infected with one or more species of GINs by fecal examination for nematode eggs. The identified nematodes were strongyles (51.9%), Strongyloides sp. (19.0%) and Trichuris spp. (2.9%). By coproculture, we identified Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Bunostomum spp. in the different topographic zones. According to univariate analysis; young age, other breed than Black Bengal, animals in poor condition, backyard rearing system, muddy housing, illiterate farmers and rainy season were found significantly associated with GINs infections. Besides, other breed than Black Bengal, animals in poor condition, backyard rearing system, muddy housing and illiterate farmers were identified as the risk factors of GINs infections in goats. This is the first detailed epidemiological investigation of GINs of goats in Bangladesh. The epidemiological findings are expected to help formulate effective control strategies against GINs infections in goats by improving health status of animals, management system and education level of the farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurjahan Begum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Subrota Malakar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taohidul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Gastrointestinal parasites as a possible threat to an endangered autochthonous Portuguese sheep breed. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e103. [PMID: 31679528 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminth and protozoan infections are responsible for important diseases in grazing sheep, which can be especially threatening in an autochthonous breed at risk of extinction like the Churra Galega Mirandesa Portuguese sheep breed. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity, prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in these sheep and to assess the effects of deworming practices, cohabiting animals on the farm and feed management. Coprological qualitative and quantitative analysis (flotation, natural sedimentation and McMaster method) were used to identify and quantify gastrointestinal parasites and a questionnaire was designed and applied. A total of 512 faecal samples were collected from 49 flocks, and 49 replies to the questionnaire were received. Parasites were identified in 100% of the flocks, and in 97% of the samples. The genera or species that have been morphologically identified were: strongyle-type, Nematodirus spp., Skrjabinema spp., Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Eimeria spp., Dicrocoelium spp. and Fasciola hepatica. This is the first report in Portugal of Skrjabinema spp. The burden of parasites' oocysts and eggs per gram in faecal samples ranged, respectively, from 50 to 17,550 for Eimeria spp., and from 50 to 6250 for strongyle-type eggs. Factors affecting parasitic infections were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression. Grazing time and a lack of anthelmintic treatment were positively associated with Nematodirus spp. infection. This study showed that there is a high prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in the Churra Galega Mirandesa sheep breed.
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Kyriánová I, Kopecký O, Šlosárková S, Vadlejch J. Comparison of internal parasitic fauna in dairy goats at conventional and organic farms in the Czech Republic. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mushonga B, Habumugisha D, Kandiwa E, Madzingira O, Samkange A, Segwagwe BE, Jaja IF. Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. J Vet Med 2018; 2018:3602081. [PMID: 30271791 PMCID: PMC6146870 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3602081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borden Mushonga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Dismas Habumugisha
- School of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 57 Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Erick Kandiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Oscar Madzingira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Alaster Samkange
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Basiamisi Ernest Segwagwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, P. Bag UB0074, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa
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Singh D, Swarnkar C, Khan F. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites and impact of two anthelmintic treatment systems in sheep flocks of arid and semi-arid Rajasthan. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Chikweto A, Tiwari K, Bhaiyat MI, Carloni J, Pashaian K, Pashaian A, De Allie C, Sharma RN. Gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants from Grenada, West Indies: A coprological survey and a review of necropsy cases. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 13:130-134. [PMID: 31014860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites are important in small ruminant farming because they can impact negatively on the productivity of animals. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and to assess mortality attributable to gastrointestinal parasite infection in sheep and goats. We collected fecal samples from 114 sheep and 292 goats from 34 farms for coprological examination. In addition, we evaluated necropsy records for sheep and goats that were submitted from 2002 to 2016 to the pathology diagnostic laboratory in the School of Veterinary Medicine at St. George's University, Grenada. Out of 406 small ruminant (292 goat and 114 sheep) fecal samples examined, 385 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, giving an overall prevalence of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92% to 97%). All the 34 farms visited were found to have positive animals to at least one type of gastrointestinal parasite; 100% herd prevalence (95% CI: 88% to 100%). Among the 292 goat fecal samples examined, 285 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites (98%; 95% CI: 95% to 99%) whereas the proportion of positive fecal samples in sheep was 88% (95% CI: 80% to 93%). There was a significant difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites between sheep and goats (p = .0002). The proportion of infection with coccidia in goats and sheep was 76% and 75%, respectively. For helminthes, the proportions were as follows: Moniezia spp., 14% in goats and 4% in sheep; Strongyloides spp., 36% in goats and 21% in sheep; strongyle type eggs 89% in goats and 66% in sheep. Mixed infections in both sheep and goats were more common (92%) than single ones (8%). Out of 220 necropsy records evaluated, 29% of mortality was due to Haemonchus contortus infection. Moniezia spp and Oesophagostomum spp. were also commonly found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Chikweto
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada.
| | - Keshaw Tiwari
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
| | - Muhammad I Bhaiyat
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
| | - Jason Carloni
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
| | - Kayla Pashaian
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
| | - Angela Pashaian
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
| | - Claude De Allie
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada; Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry & Fisheries, Grenada
| | - Ravindra N Sharma
- St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, P.O Box 7, Grenada
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El-Tahawy AS, Bazh EK, Khalafalla RE. Epidemiology of bovine fascioliasis in the Nile Delta region of Egypt: Its prevalence, evaluation of risk factors, and its economic significance. Vet World 2017; 10:1241-1249. [PMID: 29184371 PMCID: PMC5682270 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1241-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study focuses on the risk factors associated with the prevalence of Fasciola affecting cattle population in three provinces belonging to the Nile Delta of Egypt and to estimate the economic losses as a result of fascioliasis. Materials and Methods From January 2015 to end of December 2015, records of 21 farms (4976 cattle) were analyzed to screen the prevalence of fascioliasis among cattle farms, to identify its associated risk factors and its economic impacts on Nile Delta region of Egypt. Results The overall prevalence of fascioliasis in the Nile Delta region of Egypt was 9.77%. The prevalence of fascioliasis was found to be statistically significantly associated with age, sex, breed, and type of farms. The highest prevalence was observed in <2 age group (10.91%), and the lowest was >3 age groups (8.35%). In terms of body condition scores, cattle with medium and poor conditions were associated with fascioliasis more than those with good body condition. Besides, cattle raised in organic farms were associated with lower risk of fascioliasis than those in conventional farms. The prevalence of fascioliasis was noted more prominent in districts with moderate temperatures and with relative humidity (>60%). The annual overall costs for fascioliasis were estimated to be 221.2 USD/cow due to the significant reduction in body weight, reduction in milk production, and the treatment costs for fascioliasis. Conclusion The results provided could be helpful for improving the control and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgawad S El-Tahawy
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Eman K Bazh
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Reda E Khalafalla
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Kyriánová IA, Vadlejch J, Kopecký O, Langrová I. Seasonal dynamics of endoparasitic infections at an organic goat farm and the impact of detected infections on milk production. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3211-3219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Sorathiya LM, Fulsoundar AB, Rao TKS, Kumar N. Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism in traditionally maintained goat flocks of South Gujarat. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:137-141. [PMID: 28316402 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 360 faecal samples of goat belonging to Ahir community were collected randomly from eight villages on monthly basis. On same day, collected samples were subjected to qualitative faecal examination and positive samples were categorized into mild, moderate and heavy infected groups. The risk factors considered for study were age, pregnancy, lactation, seasons, wet land grazing and hygiene in housing. Overall 41.11 % animals were found positive for helminth eggs and among them 24.17, 10.56 and 6.39 % of goats were mildly, moderately and heavily infected, respectively. The helminths recorded were strongyles (26.9 %), amphistomes (18.1 %), Trichuris spp. (8.1 %) and Nematoidirus spp. (3.9 %). Similarly, 72 (20 %) animals were found positive for presence of coccidia oocysts in which 13.06, 4.17 and 2.78 % were having mild, moderate and heavy infection. The Chi square test revealed that the housing quality, seasons and body condition scores (BCS) were having significant effects on helminths prevalence. The Chi square values indicated that age, hygiene of houses, seasons and BCS have significantly associated with prevalence of coccidiosis. The helminths prevalence was having significant positive correlation with lactation status and housing quality whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with prevalence of coccidia. Kendall's Correlation coefficients among various risk factors reveals that age and housing quality has significant negative correlations with coccidia infection. The gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites incidence was significantly high during the monsoon than the summer/winter season. The correlation of GI- parasitic prevalence with pregnancy status and age was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sorathiya
- Livestock Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat India
| | - A B Fulsoundar
- Department of LPM, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - T K S Rao
- Department of LPM, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - Niranjan Kumar
- Department of Parasitology, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
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Kouam MK, Diakou A, Kantzoura V, Feidas H, Theodoropoulou H, Theodoropoulos G. An analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors for parasitic infections of economic importance in small ruminants in Greece. Vet J 2014; 202:146-52. [PMID: 25155306 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional serological survey was carried out to screen the small ruminants of Thessaly, Greece, for infection with Haemonchus contortus, lungworms (i.e. Cystocaulus ocreatus, Muellerius capillaris, Protostrongylus rufescens and Neostrongylus linearis) as a group, and for Cysticercus tenuicolis, Linguatula serrata and Oestrus ovis. A second objective was to determine the risk factors related to herd characteristics, management practices, farmer status and bioclimatic variables associated with these parasitic infections. A total of 361 sheep and 179 goat serum samples were examined. The seroprevalences were 33.9%, 41.5%, 14.1%, 4.6% and 1.4% for H. contortus, lungworms, L. serrata, C. tenuicolis and O. ovis, respectively. The final logistic regression model showed that farm location and temperature were associated with H. contortus, lungworm and L. serrata infections. Anthelmintic treatment, class of anthelmintic and rotation of grazing were associated with H. contortus and lungworm infections, while grazing with other herds was associated with lungworm and L. serrata infections; rain was associated with H. contortus and L. serrata infections. Farm type and age of farmer were associated with H. contortus infections and elevation was associated with lungworm infection. The results may help to formulate appropriate control strategies in Greece and other areas with similar climatic conditions in order to channel limited resources to mitigate only those risk factors which are significant to protect the profitability of the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc K Kouam
- Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Anastasia Diakou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaia Kantzoura
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Haralambos Feidas
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Helen Theodoropoulou
- Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, 70 E. Venizelos, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoropoulos
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece.
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