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Genetic characterization of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) isolates from Argentine cattle suggests a complex evolutionary scenario. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4905-4909. [PMID: 32347419 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpevsirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus that has been associated with different clinical conditions in cattle. In Argentina, BoHV-4 was detected in diverse bovine samples. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic relationship of 48 field BoHV-4 strains isolated from cattle in Argentina. According to thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequences, BoHV-4 isolates belong to genotypes 1, 2 and 3. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of the three previously described viral genotypes. However, some of the studied isolates presented conflicting phylogenetic signals between the studied markers. This suggests a complex evolutionary background, that is a history of recombination, incomplete lineage sorting (deep coalescence) or a combination of these, which requires further study. These potential events make difficult the diagnosis of BoHV-4 from clinical samples of cattle and may pose a significant problem for the control of the virus in the herds.
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Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. Coccidiosis in dogs—100 years of progress. Vet Parasitol 2019; 266:34-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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One-year parasitological screening of stray dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland. Parasitology 2018; 146:746-752. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo date, there are no recent studies identifying the prevalence of parasites of human and veterinary importance in dogs and cats in Ireland. The interaction between pets and wildlife species in the environment is an important source of parasite exposure to canids and felines, and one likely to be heightened in the stray animal population. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of endoparasites in unowned dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland. Feces from stray dogs (n= 627) and cats (n= 289) entering a rehoming centre were collected immediately after defecation. The main parasitic agents detected were ascarids (15.52 and 30.26%),Cystoisospora(3.27 and 3.69%),Giardiaspp. (6.02 and 1.84%) and lungworms (0.64 and 2.08%), in dogs and cats respectively. Animals younger than 3 months of age were more likely to be infected with ascarids (P< 0.001) andCystoisosporaspp. (P= 0.008 andP= 0.014) than older animals. All lungworms were morphologically identified and dogs were infected withAngiostrongylus vasorum(0.48%) andCrenosoma vulpis(0.16%) whereas cats were only infected withAelurostrongylus abstrusus(2.08%). This represents the first prevalence study of stray animals in Ireland. Data collected will inform the treatment and in addition, the future monitoring and control studies of parasite populations.
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Joachim A, Altreuther G, Bangoura B, Charles S, Daugschies A, Hinney B, Lindsay DS, Mundt HC, Ocak M, Sotiraki S. W A A V P guideline for evaluating the efficacy of anticoccidials in mammals (pigs, dogs, cattle, sheep). Vet Parasitol 2018; 253:102-119. [PMID: 29604993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This guideline is intended as an aid in the design, implementation and interpretation of studies for the assessment of drug efficacy against Eimeria in cattle and sheep, Cystoisospora in pigs and dogs, and Cryptosporidium in cattle. It deals with the most important aspects of how to conduct both experimental and field studies for dose determination, dose confirmation and assessment of field effectiveness. Also, guidance on the selection of animals, diagnostic techniques, statistical evaluation and methods for the preparation, maintenance and use of parasites is provided. The specific management conditions that may influence the course of natural infections and consequently determine treatment schemes are mentioned and suggestions for best practice in sampling and evaluation of data prior to conducting of efficacy studies are given. The guideline is also intended to assist investigators in carrying out specific studies, provide relevant information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, assist in the approval of anticoccidial drugs in the target species, and facilitate the world-wide adoption of standard procedures. Although currently not implemented, issues of drug resistance testing and alternative methods for drug testing are also discussed as future issues in drug testing against mammalian coccidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Berit Bangoura
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
| | - Sam Charles
- Bayer HealthCare, Animal Health, Shawnee, KS 66216, USA.
| | - Arwid Daugschies
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Barbara Hinney
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - David S Lindsay
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | - Marion Ocak
- MD Research, An der Isar 10a, 82049 Pullach i. Isartal, Germany.
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, NAGREF Campus, PO Box 60272, 57001 Thermi, Greece.
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Examination of anonymous canine faecal samples provides data on endoparasite prevalence rates in dogs for comparative studies. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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