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Kim J, Kim D, Noh H, Hong L, Chun E, Kim E, Ro Y, Choi W. Analysis of Acute Phase Response Using Acute Phase Proteins Following Simultaneous Vaccination of Lumpy Skin Disease and Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:556. [PMID: 38793807 PMCID: PMC11125706 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2011, South Korea has implemented biannual vaccinations against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and recently, lumpy skin disease (LSD), to mitigate the spread of transboundary animal diseases. However, due to past adverse reactions, potentially linked to acute phase responses from FMD vaccinations, there is hesitancy among Korean livestock farmers regarding new strategies for simultaneous vaccinations against both FMD and LSD. This study was conducted to assess possible adverse reactions to the LSD vaccination by analyzing acute phase proteins (APPs) in three groups: cows vaccinated against FMD (G1-FMDV), LSD (G2-LSDV), and both (G3-FMDV/LSDV). In G1-FMDV, APP levels peaked on day 3 post-vaccination (p < 0.001) and returned to baseline. In G2-LSDV, APP levels increased gradually, peaking on day 10 post-vaccination. In G3-FMDV/LSDV, APP levels peaked on day 3 post-vaccination and remained high until day 10 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that LSD vaccines trigger a later immune response compared to FMD vaccines, possibly due to different adjuvants. Therefore, a longer follow-up period for monitoring adverse reactions to LSD vaccinations may be required to understand and mitigate potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.K.); (H.N.); (L.H.)
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.K.); (H.N.); (L.H.)
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Hyoeun Noh
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.K.); (H.N.); (L.H.)
| | - Leegon Hong
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.K.); (H.N.); (L.H.)
| | - Eunwoo Chun
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Younghye Ro
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Choi
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (E.K.)
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus degrades Rab27a to suppress the exosome-mediated antiviral immune response. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108889. [PMID: 33223235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious infection caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate antiviral immune responses in host cells and could be used by pathogens to evade host cell immune responses. Whether FMDV affects exosome secretion or whether exosomes derived from FMDV-infected cells mediate host cell antiviral immune responses is not yet clarified. In this study, the exosomes were identified and extracted from FMDV-infected PK-15 cells, and it was found that FMDV inhibits exosome secretion. Further investigation revealed that FMDV suppresses exosomes by degrading Rab27a via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Also, microRNA (miRNA) differential analysis was performed in exosomes, which revealed that miRNA-136 was highly differentially expressed in exosomes and may be the key miRNA that inhibits the proliferation of FMDV. In summary, these results showed that host cells take advantage of exosomes to mediate their antiviral immune response, while FMDV evades exosome-mediated immune responses by degrading the exosome molecular switch, Rab27a.
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Upadhaya SD, Kim YM, Shi H, Le Cour Grandmaison J, Blanchard A, Kim IH. Standardized Plant Extract Alleviates the Negative Effects of FMD Vaccination on Animal Performance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030455. [PMID: 32182817 PMCID: PMC7143122 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is among the viral diseases causing poor growth performance and reduced immune status, leading to heavy economic losses in livestock. The vaccination of animals against FMD may lead to vaccination stress, thereby reducing the growth performance of animals. The growth promoting effects of a plant extract (consisting of capsicum and turmeric oleoresins) against FMD vaccinated growing pigs are evaluated in the present study. It was determined that the supplementation of the plant extract significantly improved performance and increased the antibody titer against FMD antigens. However, the immune parameters measured at days 10, 15, 20 and 25 post-FMD vaccination remained unaffected. Abstract The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a plant extract (PE) on growth performance and immune status in foot and mouth disease (FMD)-vaccinated growing pigs. A total of 120 crossed ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 24.66 ± 2.34 kg and an average age of 70 days were randomized into three groups (10 pens; 4 pigs per pen per treatment) as follows: a nonvaccinated negative control group (NV), a FMD vaccinated group (OV), and a third group received a 0.0125% PE supplement after vaccination (PV), in a 6-week trial. The PV group receiving PE supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the BW compared with the OV group, and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1–14, overall and gain-to-feed ratio (G: F) in days 1–14, and dry matter (DM) digestibility at week 6 were higher (p < 0.05) in the PV compared with the OV group. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in haptoglobin concentration was observed in the OV group compared with the NV group at 25 days postvaccination. The inhibition percentage of antibodies against FMD in the sera reached above 50% in the PV group 5 days earlier than in the OV group. The findings suggest that the inclusion of PE in the diet promoted the performance of vaccinated growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Alexandra Blanchard
- Pancosma, A-One Business Center, La piece 3, CH-1180 Rolle, Switzerland; (J.L.C.G.); (A.B.)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3652; Fax: +82-41-565-2949
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