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Cardoso Soares S, Schmidt Eler E, Eduardo Faresin E Silva C, Francisco Souza E Sousa J, Nazareth Ferreira da Silva M, Pereira Araújo N, Svartman M, Feldberg E. Mapping of SINEs in the genome of Proechimys (Mammalia: Rodentia). Gene 2024; 928:148781. [PMID: 39029769 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the distribution of short interspersed elements (SINEs) in the chromosomes of five species of rodents of the genus Proechimys and in a variant karyotype of P. guyannensis. Molecular cytogenetic techniques were used to characterize the sequences of the B1, B4, MAR and THER SINEs, which were used as probes for hybridization in metaphase chromosomes. A wide distribution of SINEs was observed in the chromosomes of the Proechimys species examined, thus indicating differentiation of these retroelements. The signal of the B4 SINE was more evident than that of the B1 SINE, especially in P. echinothrix, P. longicaudatus, and P. cuvieri. Although the signal of the MAR SINE was more explosive than that of the THER SINE, in the species P. echinothrix, P. guyannensis (2n = 46) and P. longicaudatus, its distribution in the karyotypes was similar. The signals of these retroelements occurred at specific heterochromatic sites and were centromeric/pericentromeric and at the terminal regions in most chromosomes. This appears to be a typical distribution pattern of the SINEs and may indicate involvement with rearrangements during karyotypic diversification in Proechimys. The variation of the SINEs in the genome of Proechimys species demonstrates that these elements are distributed in a specific way in this genus and the preference for some sites, considered hotspots for chromosomal breakage, allows us to propose that these elements are related to the karyotypic evolution of Proechimys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cardoso Soares
- Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Schmidt Eler
- Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Faresin E Silva
- Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Souza E Sousa
- Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Naiara Pereira Araújo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia Campus Jaru, Jaru, RO, Brazil
| | - Marta Svartman
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética Animal (LGA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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da Silva MS, Júnior AMP, Costa NVC, Costa GDS, Rodrigues MMDS, Medeiros JF. Use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are effective and useful for sand fly ecoepidemiology studies in an Amazonian environment. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106550. [PMID: 35671783 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
One strategy to identify transmission foci is based on vector monitoring, and efficient methods are important for vector control. Our study evaluated different light sources (red, green, ultraviolet, blue, and incandescent light) to capture sand fly in Porto Velho, Brazil. We also evaluated Leishmania and blood meal sources in females. A total of 1,943 individuals were identified in 45 species level-taxa, with Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira) (n=364), Nyssomyia antunesi (n=241), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira) (n=222), and Psychodopygus davisi (Root) (n=148) being the most abundant. Incandescent light captured most individuals (n=589), followed by blue (n=471), green (n=452), ultraviolet (n=281) and red (n=150). No significant difference was observed between the species composition and lights (PERMANOVA: Pseudo F = 1.29, p = 0.14, NMDS: Stress 0.18). The Shannon and Simpson indices demonstrated a high diversity captured using all lights. Our data demonstrated that LEDs are alternative devices for sand fly capture, with blue and green LEDs presenting similar results to incandescent light. 53 pools were analyzed, only one pool was positive for kDNA and hsp70 targets [Nyssomyia fraihai (Martins, Falão & Silva)] and identified as Endotrypanum spp., suggesting that other trypanosomatids may circulate in the locality. Choloepus hoffmanni (two-toed sloth) Peters, Homo sapiens Linnaeus, Proechimys gardneri (Gardner's spiny rat) Da Silva, and Tamandua tetradactyla (lesser anteater) (Linnaeus) were blood meal sources identified in females, increasing the knowledge about sources used by these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelli Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Soares SC, Eler ES, E Silva CEF, da Silva MNF, Araújo NP, Svartman M, Feldberg E. LINE-1 and SINE-B1 mapping and genome diversification in Proechimys species (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202101104. [PMID: 35304430 PMCID: PMC8932440 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the impact of LINE-1 and SINE-B1 retroelements on the architecture and karyotypic diversification of five rodent species of the genus Proechimys from different regions of the Amazon. Karyotype comparisons were performed using fluorescent interspecific in situ hybridization. The L1 and B1 retroelements showed a non-random arrangement and a conserved pattern when the genomes of the five species of Proechimys were compared, including the two cytotypes of Proechimys guyannensis The signal homeology among the chromosomes and the degree of similarity among the formed clusters indicate rearrangements such as fusion/fission, and demonstrates that these retroelements can behave as derived characters shared in Proechimys The differentiated distribution and organization of these retroelements in the karyotypes and in the chromosomal fiber, respectively, may represent a strong indication of their role as generating sources of karyotypic diversity in the genus Proechimys and provide insights into the evolutionary relationships between taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cardoso Soares
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil .,Laboratório de Genética Animal (LGA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schmidt Eler
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Faresin E Silva
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética Animal (LGA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Naiara Pereira Araújo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia campus Jaru, Jaru, Brazil
| | - Marta Svartman
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética Animal (LGA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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Araújo NP, Sena RS, Bonvicino CR, Kuhn GCS, Svartman M. SINE-B1 Distribution and Chromosome Rearrangements in the South American Proechimys gr. goeldii (Echimyidae, Rodentia). Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:6-13. [PMID: 33556945 DOI: 10.1159/000513106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proechimys species are remarkable for their extensive chromosome rearrangements, representing a good model to understand genome evolution. Herein, we cytogenetically analyzed 3 different cytotypes of Proechimys gr. goeldii to assess their evolutionary relationship. We also mapped the transposable element SINE-B1 on the chromosomes of P. gr. goeldii in order to investigate its distribution among individuals and evaluate its possible contribution to karyotype remodeling in this species. SINE-B1 showed a dispersed distribution along chromosome arms and was also detected at the pericentromeric regions of some chromosomes, including pair 1 and the sex chromosomes, which are involved in chromosome rearrangements. In addition, we describe a new cytotype for P. gr. goeldii, reinforcing the significant role of gross chromosomal rearrangements during the evolution of the genus. The results of FISH with SINE-B1 suggest that this issue should be more deeply investigated for a better understanding of its role in the mechanisms involved in the wide variety of Proechimys karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara P Araújo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Jaru, Brazil
| | - Radarane S Sena
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo C S Kuhn
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marta Svartman
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil,
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Eler ES, Silva CEFE, Silva MNFD, Feldberg E. New karyotype records for the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from Brazilian Amazonia. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190093. [PMID: 32484848 PMCID: PMC7265155 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present new karyotype records for six Proechimys species from the Brazilian Amazon. P. echinothrix from the region of Purus River had 2n = 32 chromosomes and a FN = 58, while P. cuvieri from the region of the Japurá River presented 2n = 28 and FN = 46. All individuals presented hybridization with an 18S rDNA probe in a single chromosome pair, with the exception of P. cuvieri from the Japurá region, which presented a third signal in one of the homologs of pair 1. No ITS were found in any of the individuals. Our data supports the hypothesis that the P. cuvieri population from the Japurá Basin and P. echinothrix from the lower Purus are new taxonomic entities. Our data expand the geographic distribution of the cytotype (2n = 40, FN = 54) described for P. gardneri from the Madeira River, and the cytotype (2n = 46, FN = 50), described for P. guyannensis, as well as the recently-described cytotype of P. goeldii (2n = 16, FN = 14). No clear pattern of chromosomal evolution has yet been defined in Proechimys, despite the considerable karyotypic diversity of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Schmidt Eler
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Laureate International Universities, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Faresin E Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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A new species of Physaloptera (Nematoda: Spirurida) from Proechimys gardneri (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the Amazon rainforest and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the genus. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e68. [PMID: 31337449 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Physaloptera are globally distributed and more than 100 species are known. Their life cycle involves insects, including beetles, cockroaches and crickets, as intermediate hosts. This study describes a new species of Physaloptera and reports molecular phylogenetic analyses to determine its relationships within the family Physalopteridae. Physaloptera amazonica n. sp. is described from the stomach of the caviomorph rodent Proechimys gardneri collected in the Amazon rainforest in the state of Acre, Brazil. The species is characterized by the male having the first and second pair of sessile papillae asymmetrically placed, lacking a median papilla-like protuberance between the third pairs of sessile papillae, differentiated by size and shape of the spicules, while females have four uterine branches. For both nuclear 18S rRNA and MT-CO1 gene-based phylogenies, we recovered Turgida sequences forming a clade nested within Physaloptera, thus making Physaloptera paraphyletic to the exclusion of Turgida, suggesting that the latter may have evolved from the former monodelphic ancestral state to a derived polydelphic state, or that some species of Physaloptera may belong to different genera. Relationships between most taxa within Physaloptera were poorly resolved in our phylogenies, producing multifurcations or a star phylogeny. The star-like pattern may be attributed to evolutionary processes where past simultaneous species diversification events took place. Physaloptera amazonica n. sp. formed an independent lineage, separately from the other species of Physaloptera, thus supporting the status of a new species. However, all molecular data suggested a closer relationship with other Neotropical species. In conclusion, we added a new species to this already largely diverse genus Physaloptera, bringing new insights to its phylogenetic relationships. Further analyses, adding more species and markers, should provide a better understanding of the evolutionary history of physalopterids.
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Oliveira da Silva W, Rodrigues da Costa MJ, Pieczarka JC, Rissino J, Pereira JC, Ferguson-Smith MA, Nagamachi CY. Identification of two independent X-autosome translocations in closely related mammalian (Proechimys) species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4047. [PMID: 30858413 PMCID: PMC6411977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sex chromosome systems have been described for several mammalian orders, with different species from the same genus sharing the same system (e.g., X1X2Y or XY1Y2). This is important because the translocated autosome may be influenced by the evolution of the recipient sex chromosome, and this may be related to speciation. It is often thought that the translocation of an autosome to a sex chromosome may share a common origin among phylogenetically related species. However, the neo-X chromosomes of Proechimys goeldii (2n = 24♀, 25♂/NFa = 42) and Proechimys gr. goeldii (2n = 16♀, 17♂/NFa = 14) have distinct sizes and morphologies that have made it difficult to determine whether they have the same or different origins. This study investigates the origins of the XY1Y2 sex chromosome determination system in P. goeldii (PGO) and P. gr. goeldii (PGG) and elucidates the chromosomal rearrangements in this low-diploid-number group of Proechimys species. Toward this end, we produced whole-chromosome probes for P. roberti (PRO; 2n = 30♂/NFa = 54) and P. goeldii (2n = 25♂/NFa = 42) and used them in comparative chromosomal mapping. Our analysis reveals that multiple translocations and inversions are responsible for the karyotype diversity of these species, with only three whole-chromosomes conserved between PRO and PGO and eight between PGO and PGG. Our data indicate that multiple sex chromosome systems have originated twice in Proechimys. As small populations are prone to the fixation of chromosomal rearrangements, we speculate that biological features of Rodentia contribute to this fixation. We also highlight the potential of these rodents as a model for studying sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willam Oliveira da Silva
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rissino
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Pereira
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citogenética, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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8
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The role of Pleistocene climate change in the genetic variability, distribution and demography of Proechimys cuvieri and P. guyannensis (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in northeastern Amazonia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206660. [PMID: 30557386 PMCID: PMC6296739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny rats, genus Proechimys, have the highest species richness within the Echimyidae family, as well as species with high genetic variability. The genus distribution includes tropical South America and Central America south to Honduras. In this study, we evaluate the phylogeographic histories of Proechimys guyannensis and P. cuvieri using cytochrome b, in a densely sampled area in northeastern Amazon where both species are found in sympatry in different environments. For each species, Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis were congruent and recovered similar clades in the studied area. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a relaxed molecular clock showed that these clusters of haplotypes diversified during Pleistocene for both species. Apparently, the large rivers of the region did not act as barriers, as some clades include specimens collected from opposite banks of Oiapoque, Araguari and Jari rivers. Bayesian skyline plot analysis showed recent demographic expansion in both species. The Pleistocene climatic changes in concert with the geologic changes in the Amazon fan probably acted as drivers in the diversification that we detected in these two spiny rats. Proechimys cuvieri and P. guyannensis show genetic structure in the eastern part of the Guiana region. Greater genetic distances observed in P. guyannensis, associated with highly structured groups, suggest that more detailed studies of systematics and ecology should be directed to this species.
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Di-Nizo CB, Banci KRDS, Sato-Kuwabara Y, Silva MJDJ. Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2017; 11:833-892. [PMID: 29362668 PMCID: PMC5769678 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i4.19925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rodents constitute one of the most diversified mammalian orders. Due to the morphological similarity in many of the groups, their taxonomy is controversial. Karyotype information proved to be an important tool for distinguishing some species because some of them are species-specific. Additionally, rodents can be an excellent model for chromosome evolution studies since many rearrangements have been described in this group.This work brings a review of cytogenetic data of Brazilian rodents, with information about diploid and fundamental numbers, polymorphisms, and geographical distribution. We point out that, even with the recent efforts on cytogenetic studies in this group, many species lack karyotypic data. Moreover, we describe for the first time the karyotype of Carterodon sulcidens (Lund, 1838) (Family Echimyidae), a new fundamental number for an undescribed species of Neacomys Thomas, 1900 (Family Cricetidae, Subfamily Sigmodontinae), and illustrate the karyotype of a Brazilian specimen of Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Family Muridae). This review compiles the cytogenetic data on Brazilian rodents reported in the last three decades, after the last revision published in 1984, including synonyms, chromosomal variations, and geographic distribution. Additionally, it also reinforces that Brazilian biodiversity is still poorly known, considering the new data reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bruno Di-Nizo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yukie Sato-Kuwabara
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José de J. Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Torrecilla Z, Martínez-Lage A, Perina A, González-Ortegón E, González-Tizón AM. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of marine Palaemon species reveals a X 1X 1X 2X 2/X 1X 2Y sex chromosome system in Palaemon elegans. Front Zool 2017; 14:47. [PMID: 29046707 PMCID: PMC5639736 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The maintenance of species and the promotion of speciation are closely related to chromosomal rearrangements throughout evolution. Decapoda represents the most species-rich order among crustaceans and, despite its ecological and economic importance, little is known about decapod karyology. We aim at cytogenetically characterizing two sympatric prawn species. Results Analysis of mitotic metaphases and meiotic diakinesis of the common prawn Palaemon serratus and the rockpool prawn P. elegans, revealed considerable differences between their karyotypes including chromosome numbers and sex determination systems. The cytogenetic data for P. serratus showed a diploid number of 56 and the putative absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. However, the diploid chromosome number in P. elegans was 90 for females and 89 for males. The karyotype of the females consisted of the three largest acrocentric pairs and 42 submetacentric and metacentric pairs, while the karyotype of the males comprised a clearly identifiable large metacentric chromosome and two acrocentric pairs as well as the smaller 42 pairs. These results highlight the presence of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system in P. elegans, which constitute the only sexual system for Decapoda reported cytogenetically using modern techniques. The origin of this sex chromosome system is discussed. We hypothesize that the chromosome evolution within the genus could involve several fusion events giving rise to a reduction on the chromosome number in P. serratus. In both species, the major ribosomal genes were located in two chromosome pairs and hybridization signals of the telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n were visualized at the telomeres of all chromosomes. C-banding revealed that, when present, constitutive heterochromatin had a predominantly telomeric distribution and no centromeric constitutive heterochromatin was observed. Conclusions Although more comparative cytogenetic analyses are needed to clarify our hypotheses, the findings of this work indicate that the prawns of the genus Palaemon represent a promising model among Decapoda representatives to investigate the karyotype evolution and the patterns of sex chromosome differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeltia Torrecilla
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Martínez-Lage
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandra Perina
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN, CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), Edificio Hospital Real, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Tizón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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11
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Abstract
The spiny rat (Proechimys guyannensis) is a neotropical rodent that is used in biomedical research, particularly research related to chronic resistance to epilepsy and infectious diseases. To our knowledge, there are few reports concerning the reproductive biology of this species. Therefore, besides providing basic biometric and morphometric data, in the present study we investigated testis function and spermatogenesis in adult spiny rats. The mean testis weight and gonadosomatic index obtained were 1.63 ± 0.2 g and 1.15 ± 0.1% respectively. Based on the development of the acrosomic system, 12 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were characterized. Stages VI and VII presented the highest frequencies (~17-19%), whilst stages II to V showed the lowest frequencies (~2-4%). The most advanced germ cell types labelled at 1 h or 20 days after BrdU injections were respectively preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes at stage VII and elongated spermatids at stage III. The mean duration of one cycle was 7.5 ± 0.01 days and the entire spermatogenic process lasted 33.7 ± 0.06 days (~4.5 cycles). The seminiferous tubules (ST) occupied ~96 ± 1% of the testis parenchyma, whereas Leydig cells comprised only 1.5 ± 0.4%. The number of Sertoli cells (SC) per testis gram and the SC efficiency (spermatids/SC) were respectively 78 × 106 ± 11 × 106 and 7.9 ± 1. The daily sperm production per testis gram (spermatogenic efficiency; daily sperm production (DSP)/g/testis) was 78 × 106 ± 8 × 106. To our knowledge, this spermatogenic efficiency is among the highest found for mammals investigated to date and is probably related to the very short duration of spermatogenesis and the very high ST percentage and SC number obtained for this species.
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Rodrigues da Costa MJ, Siqueira do Amaral PJ, Pieczarka JC, Sampaio MI, Rossi RV, Mendes-Oliveira AC, Rodrigues Noronha RC, Nagamachi CY. Cryptic Species in Proechimys goeldii (Rodentia, Echimyidae)? A Case of Molecular and Chromosomal Differentiation in Allopatric Populations. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:199-210. [PMID: 27255109 DOI: 10.1159/000446562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny rats of the genus Proechimys have a wide distribution in the Amazon, covering all areas of endemism of this region. We analyzed the karyotype and cytochrome b (Cyt b) sequences in Proechimys goeldii from 6 localities representing 3 interfluves of the eastern Amazon. A clear separation of P. goeldii into 2 monophyletic clades was observed, both chromosomally and based on Cyt b sequences: cytotype A (2n = 26x2640;/27x2642;, NF = 42) for samples from the Tapajos-Xingu interfluve and cytotype B (2n = 24x2640;/25x2642;, NF = 42) for samples from the Xingu-Tocantins interfluve and east of the Tocantins River. The karyotypes differ in a pericentric inversion and a centric fusion/fission and an average nucleotide divergence of 6.1%, suggesting cryptic species. Meiotic analysis confirmed the presence of a XX/XY1Y2 multiple sex chromosome determination system for both karyotypes. The karyotypes also vary from the literature (2n = 24, NF = 42, XX/XY). The autosome translocated to the X chromosome is different both in size and morphology to P. cf. longicaudatus, which also has a multiple sex chromosome determination system (2n = 14x2640;/15x2640;x2642;/16x2640;/17x2642;, NF = 14). The Xingu River is a barrier that separates populations of P. goeldii, thus maintaining their allopatric nature and providing an explanation for the molecular and cytogenetic patterns observed for the Xingu River but not the Tocantins River.
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Amaral PJS, Nagamachi CY, Noronha RCR, Costa MJR, Pereira AL, Rossi RV, Mendes-Oliveira AC, Pieczarka JC. Proechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae): characterization and taxonomic considerations of a form with a very low diploid number and a multiple sex chromosome system. BMC Genet 2013; 14:21. [PMID: 23496787 PMCID: PMC3616841 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proechimys is the most diverse genus in family Echimyidae, comprising 25 species (two of which are polytypic) and 39 taxa. Despite the numerous forms of this rodent and their abundance in nature, there are many taxonomic problems due to phenotypic similarities within the genus and high intraspecific variation. Extensive karyotypic variation has been noted, however, with diploid numbers (2n) ranging from 14 to 62 chromosomes. Some heteromorphism can be found, and 57 different karyotypes have been described to date. Results In the present work, we describe a cytotype with a very low 2n. Specimens of Proechimys cf. longicaudatus were collected from two different places in northern Mato Grosso state, Brazil (12°54″S, 52°22″W and 9°51′17″S, 58°14′53″W). The females and males had 16 and 17 chromosomes, respectively; all chromosomes were acrocentric, with the exception of the X chromosome, which was bi-armed. The sex chromosome system was found to be XY1Y2, originating from a Robertsonian rearrangement involving the X and a large acrocentric autosome. Females had two Neo-X chromosomes, and males had one Neo-X and two Y chromosomes. NOR staining was found in the interstitial region of one autosomal pair. Conclusions Comparison of this karyotype with those described in the literature revealed that Proechimys with similar karyotypes had previously been collected from nearby localities. We therefore suggest that this Proechimys belongs to a different taxon, and is either a new species or one that requires reassessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J S Amaral
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Av, Bernardo Sayão, sn, Guamá, Belém - Pará, 66075-900, Brazil
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