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Beijora SS, Vaz TAC, Santo DE, de Almeida EA, Junior OV, Parolin M, da Silva Gonzalez R, de Souza DC, Peron AP. Prospecting toxicity of the avobenzone sunscreen in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34125-9. [PMID: 38951395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Avobenzone (AVO) is a sunscreen with high global production and is constantly released into the environment. Incorporating sewage biosolids for fertilization purposes, the leaching from cultivated soils, and the use of wastewater for irrigation explain its presence in the soil. There is a lack of information about the impact of this sunscreen on plants. In the present study, the ecotoxicity of AVO was tested at concentrations 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/L. All concentrations caused a reduction in root growth of Allium cepa, Cucumis sativus, and Lycopersicum esculentum seeds, as well as a mitodepressive effect, changes in the mitotic spindle and a reduction in root growth of A. cepa bulbs. The cell cycle was disturbed because AVO disarmed the enzymatic defense system of root meristems, leading to an accumulation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxides, besides lipid peroxidation in cells. Therefore, AVO shows a high potential to cause damage to plants and can negatively affect agricultural production and the growth of non-cultivated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Splendor Beijora
- Chemical Engineering Course, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Espirito Santo
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Valarini Junior
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mauro Parolin
- Graduate Program in Geography, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Regiane da Silva Gonzalez
- Graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina de Souza
- Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Technological Innovations, Federal Technological University of Paraná Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Zip Code 87.301-899, Brazil.
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Abstract
Convincing evidence has accumulated that unintended transgene escape occurs in oilseed rape, maize, cotton and creeping bentgrass. The escaped transgenes are found in variant cultivars, in wild type plants as well as in hybrids of sexually compatible species. The fact that in some cases stacked events are present that have not been planted commercially, implies unintended recombination of transgenic traits. As the consequences of this continuous transgene escape for the ecosystem cannot be reliably predicted, I propose to use more sophisticated approaches of gene technology in future. If possible GM plants should be constructed using either site-directed mutagenesis or cisgenic strategies to avoid the problem of transgene escape. In cases where a transgenic trait is needed, efficient containment should be the standard approach. Various strategies available or in development are discussed. Such a cautious approach in developing novel types of GM crops will enhance the sustainable potential of GM crops and thus increase the public trust in green gene technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhart U Ryffel
- a Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung); Universitätsklinikum Essen ; Essen , Germany
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