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Wang XF, Chen H, Huang PJ, Feng ZK, Hua ZQ, Feng X, Han F, Xu XT, Shen RJ, Li Y, Jin ZB, Yu HY. Genotype-Phenotype Analysis and Mutation Spectrum in a Cohort of Chinese Patients With Congenital Nystagmus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627295. [PMID: 33732697 PMCID: PMC7958879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Congenital nystagmus (CN) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous ocular disorder that manifests as involuntary, periodic oscillations of the eyes. To date, only FRMD7 and GPR143 have been reported to be responsible for causing CN. Here, we aimed to identify the disease-causing mutations and describe the clinical features in the affected members in our study. Methods: All the subjects underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Direct sequencing of all coding exons and splice site regions in FRMD7 and GPR143 and a mutation assessment were performed in each patient. Results: We found 14 mutations in 14/37 (37.8%) probands, including nine mutations in the FRMD7 gene and five mutations in the GPR143 gene, seven of which are novel, including c.284G>A(R95K), c.964C>T(P322S), c.284+10T>G, c.901T>C (Y301H), and c.2014_2023delTCACCCATGG(S672Pfs*12) in FRMD7, and c.250+1G>C, and c.485G>A (W162*) in GPR143. The mutation detection rate was 87.5% (7/8) of familial vs. 24.1% (7/29) of sporadic cases. Ten mutations in 24 (41.7%) non-syndromic subjects and 4 mutations in 13(30.8%) syndromic subjects were detected. A total of 77.8% (7/9) of mutations in FRMD7 were concentrated within the FERM and FA domains, while all mutations in GPR143 were located in exons 1, 2, 4 and 6. We observed that visual acuity tended to be worse in the GPR143 group than in the FRMD7 group, and no obvious difference in other clinical manifestations was found through comparisons in different groups of patients. Conclusions: This study identified 14 mutations (seven novel and seven known) in eight familial and 29 sporadic patients with congenital nystagmus, expanding the mutational spectrum and validating FRMD7 and GPR143 as mutation hotspots. These findings also revealed a significant difference in the screening rate between different groups of participants, providing new insights for the strategy of genetic screening and early clinical diagnosis of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Juan Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Kun Feng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Hua
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Juan Shen
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Yun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Self JE, Dunn MJ, Erichsen JT, Gottlob I, Griffiths HJ, Harris C, Lee H, Owen J, Sanders J, Shawkat F, Theodorou M, Whittle JP. Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1515-1534. [PMID: 31919431 PMCID: PMC7608566 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nystagmus is an eye movement disorder characterised by abnormal, involuntary rhythmic oscillations of one or both eyes, initiated by a slow phase. It is not uncommon in the UK and regularly seen in paediatric ophthalmology and adult general/strabismus clinics. In some cases, it occurs in isolation, and in others, it occurs as part of a multisystem disorder, severe visual impairment or neurological disorder. Similarly, in some cases, visual acuity can be normal and in others can be severely degraded. Furthermore, the impact on vision goes well beyond static acuity alone, is rarely measured and may vary on a minute-to-minute, day-to-day or month-to-month basis. For these reasons, management of children with nystagmus in the UK is varied, and patients report hugely different experiences and investigations. In this review, we hope to shine a light on the current management of children with nystagmus across five specialist centres in the UK in order to present, for the first time, a consensus on investigation and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Self
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - M J Dunn
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J T Erichsen
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Gottlob
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - H J Griffiths
- Division of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Harris
- Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - H Lee
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Owen
- Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - J Sanders
- Patient Representative, Plymouth, UK
| | - F Shawkat
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Theodorou
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - J P Whittle
- Eye Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Gao X, Liu T, Cheng X, Dai A, Liu W, Li R, Zhang M. A novel GPR143 mutation in a Chinese family with X‑linked ocular albinism type 1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:240-248. [PMID: 31746431 PMCID: PMC6896309 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is a genetic disorder characterized by reduced eye pigmentation and nystagmus, which is often accompanied by decreased visual acuity, strabismus and other symptoms, whereas skin and hair color remain normal. The present study aimed to assess the clinical features and perform genotype analysis of a family with OA1, and to determine the disease-causing mutation. A total of 18 family members (nine affected patients and nine normal subjects) from Hainan, China, were recruited to the present study in December 2017. A detailed clinical ophthalmic examination was performed for all participants, including a visual acuity test, anterior segment slit lamp examination, eye fundus examination and optical coherence tomography. Mutations in the G protein-coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene were determined by DNA sequencing assays and polymerase chain reaction assays for deletions; all exon coding sequences, exons at the 5′- and 3′-ends, and non-coding region sequences of intron splicing were assessed. Within the family, nine male patients exhibited disease occurrence at the age of 0–6 months. All patients presented with different degrees of iris depigmentation, horizontal jerk nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia and reduced visual acuity. The fundus of only one patient exhibited choroid coloboma; in the remaining patients, their fundi exhibited different degrees of irregular retinal depigmentation. The mutation c.360+5G>T in the GPR143 gene was identified in this family. In conclusion, the present study identified the splicing mutation c.360+5G>T in the GPR143 gene in a Chinese family with OA1 and successfully identified the site. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports regarding this mutation in any major genome databases; therefore, this outcome may enrich the mutation spectrum of the GPR143 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Aiai Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Runpu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Maonian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Molecular genetic and clinical evaluation of three Chinese families with X-linked ocular albinism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:33713. [PMID: 28211458 PMCID: PMC5314354 DOI: 10.1038/srep33713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) is an X-linked inherited disease characterized by hypopigmentation of the fundus and nystagmus. Our study performed mutation analysis of the G protein-coupled receptor 143 gene (GPR143) and assessed the clinical characteristics of OA1 in three Chinese families. Three novel mutations, c.333_360+14del42insCTT, c.276G>A (p.W92X), and c.793C>T (p.R265X), were identified in GPR143 by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing in these families. All affected individuals presented with nystagmus, photophobia, poor visual acuity, foveal hypoplasia and varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the fundus. The fundus of female carriers showed pigmented streaks alternating with hypopigmented streaks. These results allowed us to expand the spectrum of mutations in GPR143 and phenotypes associated with ocular albinism.
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Kim US, Cho E, Kim HJ. A novel nonsense mutation of GPR143 gene in a Korean kindred with X-linked congenital nystagmus. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1367-70. [PMID: 27672609 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.09.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ungsoo Samuel Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul 07301, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Eunhae Cho
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Kyunggi-do16903, Korea
| | - Hyon J Kim
- Department of Medicine Genetics, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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GPR143 Gene Mutations in Five Chinese Families with X-linked Congenital Nystagmus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12031. [PMID: 26160353 PMCID: PMC4498220 DOI: 10.1038/srep12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular albinism type I (OA1) is clinically characterized by impaired visual acuity, nystagmus, iris hypopigmentation with translucency, albinotic fundus, and macular hypoplasia together with normally pigmented skin and hair. However, it is easily misdiagnosed as congenital idiopathic nystagmus in some Chinese patients with OA1 caused by the G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene mutations. Mutations in the FERM domain–containing 7 (FRMD7) gene are responsible for the X-linked congenital idiopathic nystagmus. In this study, five Chinese families initially diagnosed as X-linked congenital nystagmus were recruited and patients underwent ophthalmological examinations. After direct sequencing of the FRMD7 and GPR143 genes, five mutations in GPR143 gene were detected in each of the five families, including a novel nonsense mutation of c.333G>A (p.W111X), two novel splicing mutations of c.360+1G>C and c.659-1G>A, a novel small deletion mutation of c.43_50dupGACGCAGC (p.L20PfsX25), and a previously reported missense mutation of c.703G>A (p.E235K). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination showed foveal hypoplasia in all the affected patients with nystagmus. Our study further expands the GPR143 mutation spectrum and contributes to the study of GPR143 molecular pathogenesis. Molecular diagnosis and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are two useful tools for differential diagnosis.
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