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Nguyen NH, Ho PTB, Le LTT. Revisit and explore the ethylene-independent mechanism of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00501-1. [PMID: 38598160 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review provides a thorough and comprehensive perspective on the topic of cucumber sexual expression. Specifically, insights into sex expression mediated by pathways other than ethylene are highlighted. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a common and important commercial crop that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Additionally, this species is commonly used as a model for investigating plant sex expression. Cucumbers exhibit a variety of floral arrangements, comprising male, female, and hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers. Generally, cucumber plants that produce female flowers are typically preferred due to their significant impact on the overall output. Various environmental conditions, such as temperature, light quality, and photoperiod, have been also shown to influence the sex expression in this species. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ethylene and its biosynthesis genes are crucial in regulating cucumber sex expression. Gibberellins, another well-known phytohormone, can similarly influence cucumber sex expression via an ethylene-independent route. Further studies employing the next-generation sequencing technology also visualized a deeper slice of the molecular mechanism such as the role of the cell cycle program in the cucumber sex expression. This review aims to provide an overview of the sex expression of cucumber including its underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory aspects based on recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Bich Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Truc Le
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Salih H, He S, Li H, Peng Z, Du X. Investigation of the EIL/EIN3 Transcription Factor Gene Family Members and Their Expression Levels in the Early Stage of Cotton Fiber Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E128. [PMID: 31968683 PMCID: PMC7020184 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ethylene-insensitive3-like/ethylene-insensitive3 (EIL/EIN3) protein family can serve as a crucial factor for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. EIL/EIN3 protein is a form of a localized nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity that potentially contributes to the intricate network of primary and secondary metabolic pathways of plants. In light of recent research advances, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatics tools have provided significant breakthroughs in the study of the EIL/EIN3 protein family in cotton. In turn, this paved the way to identifying and characterizing the EIL/EIN3 protein family. Hence, the high-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective meta sequence analyses have led to a remarkable understanding of protein families in addition to the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, metabolites, and other biomolecules of the higher plants. Therefore, this work highlights the recent advance in the genomic-sequencing analysis of higher plants, which has provided a plethora of function profiles of the EIL/EIN3 protein family. The regulatory role and crosstalk of different metabolic pathways, which are apparently affected by these transcription factor proteins in one way or another, are also discussed. The ethylene hormone plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants under various environmental stress circumstances. EIL/EIN3 proteins are the key ethylene-signaling regulators and play important roles in promoting cotton fiber developmental stages. However, the function of EIL/EIN3 during initiation and early elongation stages of cotton fiber development has not yet been fully understood. The results provided valuable information on cotton EIL/EIN3 proteins, as well as a new vision into the evolutionary relationships of this gene family in cotton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haron Salih
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Zalingei University, P.O. BOX 6, Central Darfur, Sudan
| | - Shoupu He
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (Z.P.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (Z.P.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (Z.P.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (Z.P.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to the ethylene signal transduction pathway in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) under different temperature treatments. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li Q, Shen Y, Guo L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Fan C, Zheng Y. The EIL transcription factor family in soybean: Genome-wide identification, expression profiling and genetic diversity analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:629-642. [PMID: 30984538 PMCID: PMC6443860 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) transcription factor family plays a critical role in the ethylene signaling pathway, which regulates a broad spectrum of plant growth and developmental processes, as well as defenses to myriad stresses. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out for several plant species, no comprehensive analysis of the EIL gene family in soybean has been reported so far. Furthermore, there are few studies on the functions of EIL genes in soybean. In this study, we identified 12 soybean (Gm) EIL genes, which we divided into three groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. We then detected their duplication status and found that most of the GmEIL genes have duplicated copies derived from two whole-genome duplication events. These duplicated genes underwent strong negative selection during evolution. We further analyzed the transcript profiles of GmEIL genes using the transcriptome data and found that their spatio-temporal and stress expression patterns varied considerably. For example, GmEIL1-GmEIL5 were found to be strongly expressed in almost every sample, while GmEIL8-GmEIL12 exhibited low expression, or were not expressed at all. Additionally, these genes showed different responses to dehydration, salinity and phosphate starvation. Finally, we surveyed genetic variations of these genes in 302 resequenced wild soybeans, landraces and improved soybean cultivars. Our data showed that most GmEIL genes are well conserved, and are not modified in domesticated or improved cultivars. Together, these findings provide a potentially valuable resource for characterizing the GmEIL gene family and lay the basis for further elucidation of their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityChina
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityChina
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luqin Guo
- College of HorticultureHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityChina
- College of HorticultureHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chengming Fan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yihong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityChina
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Filiz E, Vatansever R, Ozyigit II, Uras ME, Sen U, Anjum NA, Pereira E. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of EIL gene family in woody plant representative poplar (Populus trichocarpa). Arch Biochem Biophys 2017. [PMID: 28625764 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve current understanding on ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIL) members, least explored in woody plants such as poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Grey). Herein, seven putative EIL members were identified in P. trichocarpa genome and were roughly annotated either as EIN3-like sequence associated with ethylene pathway or EIL3-like sequences related with sulfur (S)-pathway. Motif-distribution pattern of proteins also corroborated this annotation. They were distributed on six chromosomes (chr1, 3, 4 and 8-10), and were revealed to encode a protein of 509-662 residues with nuclear localization. The presence of ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3; PF04873) domain (covering first 80-280 residues from N-terminus) was confirmed by Hidden Markov Model-based search. The first half of EIL proteins (∼80-280 residues including EIN3 domain) was substantially conserved. The second half (∼300-600 residues) was considerably diverged. Additionally, first half of proteins harbored acidic, proline-rich and glutamine-rich sites, and supported the essentiality of these regions in the transcriptional-activation and protein-function. Moreover, identified six segmental and one-tandem duplications demonstrated the negative or purifying selective nature of mutations. Furthermore, expression profile analysis indicated the possibility of a crosstalk between EIN3- and EIL3-like genes, and co-expression networks implicated their interactions with very diverse panels of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Filiz
- Duzce University, Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, 81750, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Recep Vatansever
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Sen
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naser A Anjum
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Lai YS, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shen D, Wang H, Xia Y, Qiu Y, Song J, Wang C, Li X. The association of changes in DNA methylation with temperature-dependent sex determination in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2899-2912. [PMID: 28498935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is characterized by its diverse and flexible sexual types. Here, we evaluated the effect of low temperature (LT) exposure on cucumber femaleness under short-day conditions. Shoot apices were subjected to whole-genome bisulfate sequencing (WGBS), mRNA-seq, and sRNA-seq. The results showed that temperature had a substantial and global impact on transposable element (TE)-related small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) mechanisms, resulting in large amounts of CHH-type cytosine demethylation. In the cucumber genome, TEs are common in regions near genes that are also subject to DNA demethylation. TE-gene interactions showed very strong reactions to LT treatment, as nearly 80% of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were distributed in genic regions. Demethylation near genes led to the co-ordinated expression of genes and TEs. More importantly, genome-wide de novo methylation changes also resulted in small amounts of CG- and CHG-type DMRs. Methylation changes in CG-DMRs located <600 bp from the transcription start and end sites (TSSs/TESs) negatively correlated with transcription changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs), probably indicating epiregulation. Ethylene is called the 'sex hormone' of cucumbers. We observed the up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis-related CsACO3 and the down-regulation of an Arabidopsis RAP2.4-like ethylene-responsive (AP2/ERF) transcription factor, demonstrating the inferred epiregulation. Our study characterized the response of the apex methylome to LT and predicted the possible epiregulation of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Lai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Shen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yudong Xia
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Jensen L, Hegelund JN, Olsen A, Lütken H, Müller R. A natural frameshift mutation in Campanula EIL2 correlates with ethylene insensitivity in flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:117. [PMID: 27215645 PMCID: PMC4877742 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phytohormone ethylene plays a central role in development and senescence of climacteric flowers. In ornamental plant production, ethylene sensitive plants are usually protected against negative effects of ethylene by application of chemical inhibitors. In Campanula, flowers are sensitive to even minute concentrations of ethylene. RESULTS Monitoring flower longevity in three Campanula species revealed C. portenschlagiana (Cp) as ethylene sensitive, C. formanekiana (Cf) with intermediate sensitivity and C. medium (Cm) as ethylene insensitive. We identified key elements in ethylene signal transduction, specifically in Ethylene Response Sensor 2 (ERS2), Constitutive Triple Response 1 (CTR1) and Ethylene Insensitive 3- Like 1 and 2 (EIL1 and EIL2) homologous. Transcripts of ERS2, CTR1 and EIL1 were constitutively expressed in all species both throughout flower development and in response to ethylene. In contrast, EIL2 was found only in Cf and Cm. We identified a natural mutation in Cmeil2 causing a frameshift which resulted in difference in expression levels of EIL2, with more than 100-fold change between Cf and Cm in young flowers. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the naturally occurring 7 bp frameshift discovered in Cmeil2, a key gene in the ethylene signaling pathway, correlates with ethylene insensitivity in flowers. We suggest that transfer of the eil2 mutation to other plant species will provide a novel tool to engineer ethylene insensitive flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Josefine Nymark Hegelund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Andreas Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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Bie B, Sun J, Pan J, He H, Cai R. Ectopic expression of CsCTR1, a cucumber CTR-like gene, attenuates constitutive ethylene signaling in an Arabidopsis ctr1-1 mutant and expression pattern analysis of CsCTR1 in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16331-50. [PMID: 25226540 PMCID: PMC4200800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth, development and responses to the environment. Constitutive triple response 1 (CTR1) is a central regulator involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. To obtain a better understanding of this particular pathway in cucumber, the cDNA-encoding CTR1 (designated CsCTR1) was isolated from cucumber. A sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CsCTR1 has a high degree of homology with other plant CTR1 proteins. The ectopic expression of CsCTR1 in the Arabidopsis ctr1-1 mutant attenuates constitutive ethylene signaling of this mutant, suggesting that CsCTR1 indeed performs its function as negative regulator of the ethylene signaling pathway. CsCTR1 is constitutively expressed in all of the examined cucumber organs, including roots, stems, leaves, shoot apices, mature male and female flowers, as well as young fruits. CsCTR1 expression gradually declined during male flower development and increased during female flower development. Additionally, our results indicate that CsCTR1 can be induced in the roots, leaves and shoot apices by external ethylene. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for further studies on the role of CTR1 in the biological processes of cucumber and on the molecular mechanism of the cucumber ethylene signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Bie
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics & Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junsong Pan
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Huanle He
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Run Cai
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu B, Wang W, Liu X, Chen C, Liu X, Yang S, Ren H. A GAMYB homologue CsGAMYB1 regulates sex expression of cucumber via an ethylene-independent pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3201-13. [PMID: 24790111 PMCID: PMC4071842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a typical monoecious vegetable with individual male and female flowers, and has been used as a model plant for sex determination. It is well known that sex differentiation of cucumber can be regulated by phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (GA) and ethylene. The molecular mechanism of female sex expression modulated by ethylene has been widely understood, but how GA controls male sex expression remains elusive. In hermaphroditic Arabidopsis and rice, GA can regulate stamen and anther development via the transcriptional regulation of GAMYB. Here we characterized a GAMYB homologue CsGAMYB1 in cucumber. We found that CsGAMYB1 is predominantly expressed in male flower buds, where its expression is upregulated by GA3 treatment. CsGAMYB1 protein is localized in the nucleus. CsGAMYB1 can partially rescue stamen development and fertility phenotypes of an Arabidopsis myb33 myb65 double mutant. However, constitutive overexpression of CsGAMYB1 in wild-type Arabidopsis resulted in male sterility, which mimics the effect of GA overdose in flower development. Knockdown of CsGAMYB1 in cucumber decreases the ratio of nodes with male and female flowers, and ethylene is not involved in this process. Our data suggest that CsGAMYB1 regulates sex expression of cucumber via an ethylene-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Wawrzyńska A, Sirko A. To control and to be controlled: understanding the Arabidopsis SLIM1 function in sulfur deficiency through comprehensive investigation of the EIL protein family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:575. [PMID: 25374579 PMCID: PMC4206189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur limitation 1 (SLIM1), a member of the EIN3-like (EIL) family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis, is the regulator of many sulfur deficiency responsive genes. Among the five other proteins of the family, three regulate ethylene (ET) responses and two have unassigned functions. Contrary to the well-defined ET signaling, the pathway leading from sensing sulfate status to the activation of its acquisition via SLIM1 is completely unknown. SLIM1 binds to the 20 nt-long specific UPE-box sequence; however, it also recognizes the shorter TEIL sequence, unique for the whole EIL family. SLIM1 takes part in the upregulation and downregulation of various sulfur metabolism genes, but also it controls the degradation of glucosinolates under sulfur deficient conditions. Besides facilitating the increased flux through the sulfate assimilation pathway, SLIM1 induces microRNA395, specifically targeting ATP sulfurylases and a low-affinity sulfate transporter, SULTR2;1, thus affecting sulfate translocation to the shoot. Here, we briefly review the identification, structural characteristics, and molecular function of SLIM1 from the perspective of the whole EIL protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyńska
- *Correspondence: Anna Wawrzyńska, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland e-mail:
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