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Hanif F, Amir Q, Washdev W. Effect of DIO2 Gene Polymorphism on Thyroid Hormone Levels and Its Correlation with the Severity of Schizophrenia in a Pakistani Population. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1915. [PMID: 38339190 PMCID: PMC10855673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Low levels of triiodothyronine (T3) in the brain lead to increased dopamine receptor sensitivity, potentially resulting in schizophrenia. Iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) is the only enzyme which converts tetraiodothyronine (T4) to T3 in the brain. DIO2 polymorphism of rs225014 results in the expression of non-functioning DIO2. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of rs255014 with schizophrenia and its impact on thyroid hormone levels. This study included 150 schizophrenia cases and 150 controls. DNA was extracted from blood and subjected to PCR and amplicon sequencing. Serum thyroid profiles were determined using chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle immunoassay. Statistical analyses involved independent sample t-tests, Chi-square, and Pearson's correlation tests. The results revealed a higher frequency of the reference genotype (TT) in controls compared to cases (p < 0.05). However, rs225014 did not influence serum thyroid levels or the severity of schizophrenia (p > 0.05). Interestingly, control subjects exhibited significantly higher T3 levels (p < 0.001) than cases. Regardless of the genotype (TT or CC), the control group had higher mean T3 levels than the corresponding case group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rs225014 is associated with schizophrenia and has no effect on serum thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Hanif
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Amir
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Washdev Washdev
- Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
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Yu ZW, Pu SD, Sun XT, Wang XC, Gao XY, Shan ZY. Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1263-1274. [PMID: 37554512 PMCID: PMC10406107 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s413584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. Thyroid hormones are key regulators of cognitive function in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity and MCI in euthyroid T2D patients. Patients and Methods A total of 400 euthyroid T2D patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 218 patients with normal cognition and 182 MCI patients. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive function. The free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio was calculated as a measure of peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones; the thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) and thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) were calculated as measures of central sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the relationships between these indices of thyroid hormone sensitivity and the MoCA score and MCI, respectively. Results Compared with the normal cognitive function group, patients in the MCI group had higher TSHI, TT4RI and TFQI but a lower FT3/FT4 ratio (P<0.05). The MoCA score was positively correlated with the FT3/FT4 ratio but negatively correlated with TSHI, TT4RI and TFQI (P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a low FT3/FT4 ratio and high TSHI, TT4RI and TFQI were independently associated with MCI (P<0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for the association between MCI and the highest tertile of the FT3/FT4 was 0.455 (95% CI: 0.264-0.785), for the highest tertile of TSHI, the OR was 2.380 (95% CI: 1.376-4.119), for the highest tertile of TT4RI, the OR was 2.342 (95% CI:1.353-4.054), and for the highest tertile of TFQI, the OR was 2.536 (95% CI: 1.466-4.387) (P< 0.05). Conclusion Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with MCI in euthyroid T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Dan Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Chang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
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Deng Y, Han Y, Gao S, Dong W, Yu Y. The Physiological Functions and Polymorphisms of Type II Deiodinase. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:190-202. [PMID: 37150515 PMCID: PMC10164501 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II deiodinase (DIO2) is thought to provide triiodothyronine (T3) to the nucleus to meet intracellular needs by deiodinating the prohormone thyroxine. DIO2 is expressed widely in many tissues and plays an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as controlling T3 content in developing tissues (e.g., bone, muscles, and skin) and the adult brain, and regulating adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the identification and cloning of DIO2 have been challenging. In recent years, several clinical investigations have focused on the Thr92Ala polymorphism, which is closely correlated with clinical syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Thr92Ala-DIO2 was also found to be related to bone and neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. However, relatively few reviews have synthesized research on individual deiodinases, especially DIO2, in the past 5 years. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the physiological functions of DIO2 in thyroid hormone signaling and adaptive thermogenesis in BAT and the brain, as well as the associations between Thr92Ala-DIO2 and bone and neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. This discussion is expected to provide insights into the physiological functions of DIO2 and the clinical syndromes associated with Thr92Ala-DIO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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de Lima Beltrão FE, de Almeida Beltrão DC, Carvalhal G, de Lima Beltrão FE, de Souza Braga Filho J, de Brito Oliveira J, de Jesus JDS, Machado GJR, dos Santos Silva H, Teixeira HMP, Rodrigues JL, de Figueiredo CAV, dos Santos Costa R, Hecht F, Bianco AC, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M, Ramos HE. Heterozygote Advantage of the Type II Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism on Intrahospital Mortality of COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2488-e2501. [PMID: 35137147 PMCID: PMC8903419 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The type 2 deiodinase and its Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism have been linked to clinical outcomes in acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to evaluate were cumulative mortality during admission according to Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism. METHODS Here we conducted an observational, longitudinal, and prospective cohort study to investigate a possible association between the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism and intrahospital mortality from COVID-19 in adult patients admitted between June and August 2020. Blood biochemistry, thyroid function tests, length of stay, comorbidities, complications, and severity scores were also studied according to Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism. RESULTS In total, 220 consecutive patients (median age 62; 48-74 years) were stratified into 3 subgroups: Thr/Thr (n = 79), Thr/Ala (n = 119), and Ala/Ala (n = 23). While the overall mortality was 17.3%, the lethality was lower in Ala/Thr patients (12.6%) than in Thr/Thr patients (21.7%) or Ala/Ala patients (23%). The heterozygous genotype (Thr/Ala) was associated with a 47% reduced risk of intrahospital mortality whereas univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates revealed a reduction that ranged from 51% to 66%. The association of the Thr/Ala genotype with better clinical outcomes was confirmed in a metanalysis of 5 studies, including the present one. CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence for a protective role played by Thr92Ala-DIO2 heterozygosity in patients with COVID-19. This protective effect follows an inheritance model known as overdominance, in which the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside the phenotypical range of both homozygous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- University Center of João Pessoa – UNIPE, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Carvalhal
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Jair de Souza Braga Filho
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institut, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jocyel de Brito Oliveira
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institut, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joice dos Santos de Jesus
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institut, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Hatilla dos Santos Silva
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institut, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Lopes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ryan dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hecht
- The Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of the Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institut, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Medical School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Schwengber WK, Silveira VB, Hetzel GM, Robaina A, Ceolin L, Camelier MT, Goemann I, Dalla Corte RR, Scheffel RS, de Mello RGB, Maia AL, Dora JM. Type 2 Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism Is Not Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050375. [PMID: 35629879 PMCID: PMC9144704 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine (T4) into the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Thr92Ala DIO2 polymorphism has been associated with reduced conversion of T4 into T3 and central nervous system hypothyroidism. However, how Thr92Ala DIO2 polymorphism affects cognitive function is still unclear. Objective: To assess the association between Thr92Ala DIO2 polymorphism and cognitive performance in older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University-based tertiary hospital in Brazil. Patients: > 65-year-old with no limiting clinical disease. Interventions: All participants answered a standard questionnaire before undergoing thyroid function laboratory evaluation and genotyping of the Thr92Ala DIO2 polymorphism. Main Outcomes: Cognitive impairment measured by the Word List Memory task from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) and the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB). Results: A hundred individuals were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar among DIO2 genotypes (all p > 0.05). No differences were found in the Word List Memory, recall, or recognition tests of the CERAD-NB assuming a recessive model for the Ala/Ala vs. Thr/Ala-Thr/Thr genotypes. Results of Clock Drawing Test, Animal Fluency Test, Mini-Mental State Exam, and Figure Memory Test of the BCSB were similar between groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Thr92Ala DIO2 polymorphism is not associated with relevant cognitive impairment in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Klein Schwengber
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Vitor Bock Silveira
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Guilherme Moreira Hetzel
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Amanda Robaina
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Lucieli Ceolin
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Marli Teresinha Camelier
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Iuri Goemann
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte
- Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (R.R.D.C.); (R.G.B.d.M.)
| | - Rafael Selbach Scheffel
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello
- Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (R.R.D.C.); (R.G.B.d.M.)
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - José Miguel Dora
- Thyroid Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; (W.K.S.); (V.B.S.); (G.M.H.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (M.T.C.); (I.G.); (R.S.S.); (A.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Hedaya R, Lubar J. Reversal of Acquired Prosopagnosia Using Quantitative Electroencephalography-Guided Laser Therapy. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:205-210. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hedaya
- The Whole Psychiatry & Brain Recovery Center, Institute for Functional Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, and Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joel Lubar
- Southeastern Neurofeedback Institute, Inc., Professor Emeritus University of Tennessee, Pompano Beach, Florida, USA
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Eslami-Amirabadi M, Sajjadi SA. The relation between thyroid dysregulation and impaired cognition/behaviour: An integrative review. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12948. [PMID: 33655583 PMCID: PMC8087167 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research on the relation between thyroid diseases and cognition, the nature of this relationship remains elusive. An increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and thyroid dysfunction has been consistently observed with ageing. Also, there appears to be an association between thyroid disorders and cognitive decline. Given the increasing global burden of dementia, elucidating the relationship between thyroid disorders as a potentially modifiable risk factor of cognitive impairment was the main goal of this review. We summarise the current literature examining the relationship between thyroid hormonal dysregulation and cognition or behaviour. We present the available imaging and pathological findings related to structural and functional brain changes related to thyroid hormonal dysregulation. We also propose potential mechanisms of interaction between thyroid hormones, autoantibodies and cognition/behaviour. Effects of gender, ethnicity and environmental factors are also briefly discussed. This review highlights the need for long-term prospective studies to capture the course of brain functional changes associated with the incidence and progression of thyroid dysregulations along with the confounding effects of non-modifiable risk factors such as gender and ethnicity. Moreover, double-blind controlled clinical trials are necessary to devise appropriate treatment plans to prevent cognitive consequences of over or undertreatment of thyroid disorders.
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Uter JC, Krämer UM, Schöls L, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Göbel A, Heldmann M, Lichtner P, Brabant G, Münte TF. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Thyroid Hormone Transporter Genes MCT8, MCT10 and Deiodinase DIO2 Contribute to Inter-Individual Variance of Executive Functions and Personality Traits. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128:573-581. [PMID: 31820424 DOI: 10.1055/a-1065-1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are modulators of cognitive functions, and changes in hormone levels affect intelligence, memory, attention and executive function. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of transporter proteins MCT8, MCT10 and deiodinase 2 (DIO2) influence thyroid metabolism and could therefore contribute to inter-individual variance of cognitive functions. This study investigates the influence of these SNPs using an extensive neuropsychological test battery. 656 healthy participants aged 18-39 years were genotyped for four SNPs: MCT8 (rs5937843 and rs6647476), MCT10 (rs14399) and DIO2 (rs225014) and underwent eleven different neuropsychological tests as well as four personality questionnaires. Test results were compared between homo- and heterozygous carriers and for the X-linked MCT8 additionally between men and women. Personality questionnaires revealed that Risk Seeking was reduced in homozygous T carriers and highest in homozygous C carriers of the DIO2 SNP and that both polymorphisms of MCT8 had an additive effect on Physical Aggression in men. Neuropsychological testing indicated that MCT10 affects nonverbal reasoning abilities, DIO2 influences working memory and verbal fluency and MCT8 influences attention, alertness and planning. This pilot study suggests an influence of polymorphisms in thyroid hormone transporter genes and deiodinase on cognitive domains and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Göbel
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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9
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AlRasheed MM, AlAnzi A, AlShalhoub R, Abanmy N, Bakheet D. A study of the role of DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphism in thyroid cancer and drug response to therapy in the Saudi population. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:841-845. [PMID: 31516326 PMCID: PMC6734157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deiodinases comprise a group of selenoproteins that regulate the bioavailability of active thyroid hormones (TH) in a time and tissue specific fashion. They increase the hormonal activity by metabolizing their inactive precursors to active forms or terminate their activity by deactivating active hormones. The role of the deiodinase (DIO) gene polymorphisms in thyroid cancer is not fully understood yet. This study evaluated the potential association of the DIO1 and DIO2 genes with differentiated thyroid cancer and differential thyroxine dose requirement in thyroidectomized patients in a Saudi cohort. Methods We selected four variants (one DIO1 and three DIO2) for the association studies using Taqman assays in 507 DTC patients undergoing treatment with thyroxin against 560 disease-free individual, all of Saudi Arab origin. Results None of the studied variants was linked to differentiated thyroid cancer. The rs1388378_G > T was initially linked to thyroxine dose requirement (p = 0.035) when all patients were considered together, but this association was lost when the patients were classified into either near suppressed (0.1 ≤ TSH < 0.5) or suppressed (TSH < 0.1) TSH group. Discussion Although the results suggest only a weak relationship with differentiated thyroid cancer, they strongly indicate that the DIO2 polymorphism influences the hormonal dose requirement in patients undergoing treatment with thyroxine. This probably points to a distinction in the way this gene influences disease as compared to therapy thereof.
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Key Words
- D (1, 2), deiodinase (1,2) protein
- DIO (1,2,3), deiodinase (1,2,3) gene
- Deiodinase 1
- Deiodinase 2 thyroxine therapy
- Differentiated thyroid cancer
- FT4, free thyroxin
- T3, triiodothyronine
- T4, tetraiodothyronine
- TH, thyroid hormone
- TSHβ, thyroid-stimulating homorne-β
- UDP, uridine phosphorylase
- UGT1A, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A
- WSB-1, WB repeat and SOCs box-containing
- rs1388378
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq AlAnzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan AlShalhoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abanmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Bakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are endocrine messengers essential for normal development and function of virtually every vertebrate. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is exquisitely modulated to maintain nearly constant TH (T4 and T3) levels in circulation. However peripheral tissues and the CNS control the intracellular availability of TH, suggesting that circulating concentrations of TH are not fully representative of what each cell type sees. Indeed, recent work in the field has identified that TH transporters, deiodinases and thyroid hormone receptor coregulators can strongly control tissue-specific sensitivity to a set amount of TH. Furthermore, the mechanism by which the thyroid hormone receptors regulate target gene expression can vary by gene, tissue and cellular context. This review will highlight novel insights into the machinery that controls the cellular response to TH, which include unique signaling cascades. These findings shed new light into the pathophysiology of human diseases caused by abnormal TH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang X, Sun J, Han W, Jiang Y, Peng S, Shan Z, Teng W. The Type 2 Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism Is Associated with Worse Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5928726. [PMID: 27777960 PMCID: PMC5061950 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5928726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3. The Thr92Ala polymorphism has been shown related to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to assess the association between this polymorphism and glycemic control in T2DM patients as marked by the HbA1C levels. Design and Methods. The terms "rs225014," "thr92ala," "T92A," or "dio2 a/g" were used to search for eligible studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and Google Scholar. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including both polymorphism testing and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) assays were performed. Results. Four studies were selected, totaling 2190 subjects. The pooled mean difference of the studies was 0.48% (95% CI, 0.18-0.77%), indicating that type 2 diabetics homozygous for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism had higher HbA1C levels. Conclusions. Homozygosity for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with higher HbA1C levels in T2DM patients. To confirm this conclusion, more studies of larger populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Sun
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqing Han
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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12
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Polymorphisms in the type I deiodinase gene and frontal function in recurrent depressive disorder. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:198-202. [PMID: 26866568 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Significant impairment of some psychological functions, including cognitive functioning, has been characteristically found in depressed patients. Memory disturbances may be related to the levels of thyroid hormones (TH) that are under the influence of different mechanisms and molecules, including deiodinase type 1(D1) - an important determinant of circulating triiodothyronine (T3). We investigated the relationship between two functionally known polymorphisms within the DIO1 gene, i.e. DIO1a-C/T and DIO1b-A/G, and cognitive functioning in patients diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD). In the planned analysis we mainly concentrated on the frontal function: working memory, executive functions and verbal fluency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic variants were genotyped in 128 patients using a method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). RESULTS No significant associations were found between DIO1 polymorphisms and cognitive functioning in rDD. Only the CT and TT genotypes of the DIO1a variant were significantly related to verbal fluency. There were no significant differences between the distribution of the genotypes and demographic/medical variables. CONCLUSIONS Based on the study, the examined polymorphisms are not an important risk or protective factor for cognitive impairment in depressive patients. Functional variants within the DIO1 gene that affect triiodothyronine (T3) levels seem not to be associated with cognitive functions. Nevertheless, considering the fact that the DIO1 gene is related to the course and management of depression, further studies on a larger sample size might be suggested.
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