Characterization of HSP70 and its expression in tissue: correlation with physiological and immune indices in goose (Anser cygnoides) serum

Effects of long-time and short-time heat stress on the meat quality of geese

This investigation sought to reveal the effects of heat stress on the meat quality of geese. Wuzong geese were subjected to heat stress at 35°C for 25 d or 4 h to examine different heat stress time on meat quality. Short-time heat stress reduced muscle drip loss and meat color L* value while increasing pH value and meat color a* and b* values. Long-time heat stress decreased body weight and increased leg muscle pH value and meat color b* value. Amino acid profile of geese breast muscle revealed that both LHS and SHS can induce L-Cystine but reduced L-Cystathionine, which were positive correlated with cooking loss and meat color lightness, respectively. Lipidome analysis indicated that heat stress would alter the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and the difference between LHS and SHS on lipids mainly focused on Hex1Cer and TG. Non-target metabolome analysis indicated effects of heat stress on Glycerolipid metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, and Pyrimidine metabolism. Proteome analysis showed that heat stress mainly affects cellular respiration metabolism and immune response. These findings highlight the diverse effects of heat stress on meat quality, amino acid composition, lipidome, metabolome, and proteome in geese.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) and 90 (HSP90) with the susceptibility of Pakistani sheep breeds to hemoparasitic infections

The present study was designed to report the genotypic and allelic frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 222 G > A in HSP70 and at ex6-7390T22G in the HSP90 gene of 204 sheep (Baluchi = 11, Kajli = 29, Latti = 06 and Mundri = 158) enrolled from District Rajanpur in Punjab and to report the susceptibility of these sheep to the blood-borne parasitic infection. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) approach revealed a significant variation (p < 0.001) in the genotype frequency of four enrolled sheep breeds at SNP 222 G > A in the HSP70 gene while the allelic frequency remained unaffected (p = 0.08). In all sheep breeds, GG (wild) genotype was most common. T-ARMS-PCR analysis revealed a similar trend for ex6-7390T22G in the HSP90 gene and it was observed that sheep had significantly higher wild-type (GG) (p < 0.05) at the studied SNPs. Studied epidemiological factors (sex and sampling sites) were not found associated with both SNPs. Chi-square test revealed that no specific genotype and allelic frequency at 222 G > A in HSP70 and at ex6-7390T22G in the HSP90 gene of the enrolled sheep breed was associated with the susceptibility to blood-borne parasitic infection (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we are reporting that Pakistan is blessed to have majority of sheep, from all breeds, having wild genotype at analyzed SNPs in heat stress genes. We highly recommend the genotypic screening of sheep before their selection as breeders to reduce the possibility of having sheep with polymorphic genotypes at 222 G > A in HSP70 and at 7390T22G in HSP90 genes that will improve the profitability and sustainability of animal production systems in Pakistan.

A novel c.-652C>T mutation in UCHL1 gene is associated with the growth performance in Yangzhou goose

As a member of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation pathway, Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) plays a key role in post-translational modification and protein degradation, and it is extensive and important for the regulation of various biological functions of the organism. However, its function remains unclear in goose growth performance. In this study, the full-length genomic DNA and coding region of UCHL1 gene was firstly cloned and characterized in Yangzhou goose. Tissue expression profile revealed that UCHL1 was exclusively expressed in brain and gonads. A novel single nucleotide polymorphisms c.-652C>T which is significantly related to 64-d body weight of Yangzhou goose was found in UCHL1 promoter region by comparative sequencing. Correlation analysis in a population of 405 geese showed that TT genotype individuals had higher body weight than CC individuals in male, but not in female geese. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms c.-652C>T is located at the core promoter region of UCHL1, and the promoter transcription activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) when allele C changed to T. Geese with TT genotype had higher mRNA level of UCHL1 in brain tissue than those of CC genotype (P < 0.01). Compared with CC individuals, neuropeptide Y and AdipoR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in TT individuals (P < 0.05), while FAS mRNA level was lower in the TT individuals (P < 0.05). In summary, we identify a novel mutation in the promoter of UCHL1 gene, which can alter transcriptional activity of UCHL1 gene, and affect the growth performance of male goose.

Expression analysis of the heat shock protein genes and cellular reaction in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) under the different pathogenic invasion

As molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) play essential roles in cells in response to stress conditions. Recent studies about immune functions of HSPs in fish have also been reported. In this study, based on the reported cDNA sequences of the four HSP genes, HSP70, HSC70, HSP90α and HSP90β, the temporal expression patterns of the four genes during embryonic development of dojo loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) was assayed with qRT-PCR. All of the four genes were ubiquitously expressed in all detected embryonic developmental stages. Among of them, HSP70, HSC70 and HSP90β were highly expressed in the organ formation stage, while HSP90α was the highest expressed in myotome formation stage. Further, the immune responses of the four HSP genes were assayed when loach were infected with three different pathogens, bacterium (Flavobacterium cloumnare G4), parasite (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) and fungus (Saprolegnia). All of the four genes were differentially expressed in four tissues such as skin, gills, spleen and kidney in response to the pathogenic invasion, but both HSP70 and HSP90α expressions were dramatically up-regulated. Further, the cellular responses of the loach skinand gill tissues were observed, in which the number of the skin goblet cells were significantly increased, and the gill lamellae became shorter and wider after infected. Thus, our work indicated that the HSPs may directly or indirectly involved in immune defense in fish, at least in the loach.