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Role of Natural Antioxidant Products in Colorectal Cancer Disease: A Focus on a Natural Compound Derived from Prunus spinosa, Trigno Ecotype. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123326. [PMID: 34943833 PMCID: PMC8699069 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is on the rise in industrialized countries, which is why it is important to find new compounds that are effective, with little or no adverse health effects. CRC arises from some cells of the epithelium which, following a series of genetic or epigenetic mutations, obtain a selective advantage. This work consists of a review on endogenous and exogenous antioxidant products that may have an efficacy in the treatment of CRC and an experimental study, in which the treatment was carried out with a natural compound with antitumor and antiproliferative activity, Prunus spinosa Trigno ecotype, patented by us, on HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line. The superoxide content was quantified after the treatments at different concentrations (2, 5, or 10 mg/mL) by means of the DHR123 probe; loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential with the tetramethylrodamine methyl ester (TMRM) cationic probe and reduced glutathione content (GSH) from monochlorobimane (MCB). This study revealed the importance of a careful choice of the concentration of the natural compound to be used in the CRC, due to the presence of a paradoxical effect, both antioxidant and pro-oxidant, depending on the different physiological conditions of the cell.
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Gheytanchi E, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Ghods R, Abolhasani M, Shahin M, Vafaei S, Naseri M, Fattahi F, Madjd Z. High expression of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is associated with more aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1631-1646. [PMID: 33616717 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of genetic determinants such as exosomal content that drives progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable attention. The present study aims to identify a suitable biomarker in CRC tissues and exosomes based on bioinformatics data to evaluate its expression patterns in CRC tissues as well as its clinicopathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analysis were applied to identify up-regulated genes that contributed in CRC exosomes to select the marker. The expression patterns and clinical significance of selected exosomal marker were evaluated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 445 CRC tumors and 39 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS Based on bioinformatics data, TSG101 gene was prominent amongst the tumor tissues and exosomes. Expression of TSG101 was significantly up-regulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues (p-value = 0.04). Moreover, higher expressions of TSG101 (cytoplasmic and nuclear) were significantly associated with tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.042) and distant metastasis (p-value = 0.027). A significant association was found in the cytoplasmic expression of TSG101 between well and moderate tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.005) as well as moderate and poor differentiation (p-value = 0.050). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the exploration of crosstalk between exosome content and CRC may be valuable for the development of novel exosomal biomarkers. Increased expression of TSG101, as a promising exosome marker, is more associated with more aggressive tumor behaviors, metastasis, and progression of CRC, which paves the way for therapeutic strategies and CRC management. However, further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of TSG101 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shahin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hon KW, Othman N, Hanif EAM, Nasir SN, Razak NSA, Jamal R, Abu N. Predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in colorectal cancer—Recent updates. DRUG RESISTANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES 2020:135-151. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819937-4.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Hon KW, Ab-Mutalib NS, Abdullah NMA, Jamal R, Abu N. Extracellular Vesicle-derived circular RNAs confers chemoresistance in Colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16497. [PMID: 31712601 PMCID: PMC6848089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with the absence of early biomarker. Exosomes are microvesicles released by body cells for intercellular communication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loops and enriched in exosomes. Crosstalk between circRNAs in exosomes and chemo-resistance in CRC remains unknown. This research aims to identify exosomal circRNAs associated with FOLFOX-resistance in CRC. FOLFOX-resistant HCT116 CRC cells (HCT116-R) were generated from parental HCT116 cells (HCT116-P) using periodic drug induction. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer and Western blot. Our exosomes were translucent cup-shaped structures under TEM with differential expression of TSG101, CD9, and CD63. We performed circRNAs microarray using exosomal RNAs from HCT116-R and HCT116-P cells. We validated our microarray data using serum samples. We performed drug sensitivity assay and cell cycle analysis to characterize selected circRNA after siRNA-knockdown. Using fold change >2 and p < 0.05, we identified 105 significantly upregulated and 34 downregulated circRNAs in HCT116-R exosomes. Knockdown of circ_0000338 improved the chemo-resistance of CRC cells. We have proposed that circ_0000338 may have dual regulatory roles in chemo-resistant CRC. Exosomal circ_0000338 could be a potential biomarker for further validation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab-Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhd Aslan Abdullah
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Noordhuis P, Laan AC, van de Born K, Honeywell RJ, Peters GJ. Coexisting Molecular Determinants of Acquired Oxaliplatin Resistance in Human Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153619. [PMID: 31344863 PMCID: PMC6696456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OHP) treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently leads to resistance. OHP resistance was induced in CRC cell lines LoVo-92 and LoVo-Li and a platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, and related to cellular platinum accumulation, platinum-DNA adducts, transporter expression, DNA repair genes, gene expression arrays, and array-CGH profiling. Pulse (4 h, 4OHP) and continuous exposure (72 h, cOHP) resulted in 4.0 to 7.9-fold and 5.0 to 11.8-fold drug resistance, respectively. Cellular oxaliplatin accumulation and DNA-adduct formation were decreased and related to OCT1-3 and ATP7A expression. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis showed significantly altered p53 signaling, xenobiotic metabolism, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways, were related to decreased ALDH1L2, Bax, and BBC3 (PUMA) and increased aldo-keto reductases C1 and C3. The array-CGH profiles showed focal aberrations. In conclusion, OHP resistance was correlated with total platinum accumulation and OCT1-3 expression, decreased proapoptotic, and increased anti-apoptosis and homologous repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noordhuis
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C Laan
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper van de Born
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Honeywell
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hosseinzadeh S, Eslami Moghadam M, Sheshmani S, Shahvelayati AS. Some new anticancer platinum complexes of dithiocarbamate derivatives against human colorectal and pancreatic cell lines. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2215-2228. [PMID: 31204612 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1627909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin and their analogs are effective anticancer agents, but their clinical using is limited by some serious side effects. S,S donor ligands such as dithiocarbamates can be used to reduce some side effects. In this study, some novel water soluble complexes with formula of [Pt(bpy)(R.dtc)]NO3, where bpy is bipyridine and R.dtc is amyl-, isopentyl- or tertamyl-dtc (n-pentyl-, 3-metyl-butyl- and 2-methylbutan-dithiocarbamate, respectively) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and chemical analysis. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized complexes were investigated against human adenocarcinoma colorectal cell line (HT29) and human pancreatic cell line (Panc1), and compared with cisplatin and oxaliplatin, which display more anticancer activity for [Pt(bpy)(isopentyl.dtc)]NO3. The experimental fluorescence and circular dichroism results illustrated partially groove binding of [Pt(bpy)(amyl.dtc)]NO3 and [Pt(bpy)isopentyl.dtc)]NO3 on DNA, while [Pt(bpy)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 complex, can bind to DNA via intercalation. Finally, molecular docking simulation data of DNA interaction with three synthesized complexes showed [Pt(bpy)(amyl.dtc)]NO3 complex has the highest tendency and negative docking energy in structural change of DNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadeghar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shabnam Sheshmani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadeghar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf S Shahvelayati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadeghar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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miR-34a Regulates Multidrug Resistance via Positively Modulating OAZ2 Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7498514. [PMID: 30175154 PMCID: PMC6098920 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7498514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aberrant expression of miR-34a, an essential tumor suppressor miRNA, has been frequently observed in colon cancer (CCa), whether miR-34a can regulate CCa progression by modulating other facets of this malignancy (such as multidrug resistance, MDR) remains unknown. Here, we report for the first time that miR-34a expression was significantly downregulated in clinical CCa samples from oxaliplatin-resistant patients and in experimentally established multidrug-resistant CCa cells. By using histoculture drug response assay, we further confirmed that clinical CCa samples with lower miR-34a expression appeared to be more resistant to chemotherapy. Functionally, ectopic expression of exogenous miR-34a resensitized multidrug-resistant HCT-8/OR cells to oxaliplatin treatment, whereas miR-34a inhibition augmented the oxaliplatin resistance in chemosensitive HCT-8 cells. Mechanistically, miR-34a positively regulated the mRNA stability of the ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 (OAZ2) by directly targeting its three prime untranslated region (3′UTR). Consequently, suppression of the expression of miR-34a/OAZ2 signaling by chemotherapeutic agents significantly enhanced the activation of MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and antiapoptosis pathways, thus leading to MDR development in CCa cells. Collectively, our combined analysis reveals a critical role of miR-34a/OAZ2 cascade in conferring a proper cellular response to CCa chemotherapy.
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The reversal effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 on drug resistance in human colorectal carcinoma cells and its mechanism. Hum Cell 2018; 31:189-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Sun Y, Chi P, Lu X. Knockdown of KLK11 reverses oxaliplatin resistance by inhibiting proliferation and activating apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in colorectal cancer cell. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:809-821. [PMID: 29497313 PMCID: PMC5820466 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s151867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kallikrein 11 (KLK11) plays a crucial role in drug-resistance to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study aimed to investigate the role of KLK11 in chemoresistance, and to clarify the mechanism underlying reverse of L-OHP resistance by knockdown of KLK11. Materials and Methods Resistance to oxaliplatin was induced in HCT-8 (HCT-8/L-OHP) colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines by exposing cells to increasing concentrations of L-OHP. MTT, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were used to evaluate the resistance to L-OHP. We then knocked down KLK11 in HCT-8/L-OHP cells to explore the mechanism through which KLK11 reverses L-OHP resistance. The mRNA and protein expression of KLK11 in tissues from mCRC patients were detected by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The drug resistance index (RI) of HCT-8/L-OHP cell line to L-OHP, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Irinotecan (CPT-11), Vincristine (VCR) and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) were 10, 5.35, 3.23, 1.28, and 6.64, respectively. Increased expression of multi-drug resistant genes ABCC1, ABCB1, GSTP1 and ERCC1 were detected in HCT-8/L-OHP cell line. Moreover, the activated PI3K/AKT pathway was related to L-OHP-resistance. Knockdown of KLK11 in HCT-8/L-OHP cell reversed L-OHP-resistance by inhibiting cell growth and activating apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, high expression of KLK11 in chemoresistant-patients was associated with lymph node metastases and histopathology. Conclusion KLK11 was highly expressed in chemoresistant-patients and L-OHP-resistant cell lines. Moreover, L-OHP resistance was associated with activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Knockdown of KLK11 can reverse L-OHP resistance by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwu Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Wu H, Ouyang X, Zhang B, Su X. New bioactive peptide reduces the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs and increases drug sensitivity. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:129-140. [PMID: 28560442 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) is extracted from normal goat spleens and exhibits antitumor activity alone and in combination with low cisplatin doses to achieve antitumor efficacy similar to higher cisplatin doses via sustained medication modes. In the present study, we investigated whether elevated levels of induced or normal ACBP in MKN‑45 gastric cancer (GC) cells may reduce their toxicity to oxaliplatin (L‑OHP) in a dose‑dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate (IR), morphological changes and gene expression were examined in MKN‑45 GC cells. Compared with normal ACBP, induced ACBP alone significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of L‑OHP‑mediated apoptosis and reduced the amount and side‑effects of L‑OHP (P<0.05). The inhibition of cancer cell growth at high concentrations of induced ACBP and L‑OHP was significantly more effective than at low concentrations. In addition, for the first time, we examined the potential of a combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP to increase L‑OHP sensitivity in human gastric carcinoma xenograft tumors. Nude mice were implanted with human gastric carcinoma MKN‑45 cells and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of normal saline, 30 µg/ml ACBP, 20 µg/ml L‑OHP or 30 µg/ml ACBP + 20 µg/ml L‑OHP [combination of anticancer bioactive peptide and oxaliplatin (A+L)] via the tail vein twice a week. In vivo short‑term intermittent use of induced ACBP alone significantly inhibited MKN‑45 tumor growth. The combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP also significantly improved the quality of life of the nude mice and reduced the toxicity of L‑OHP. Based on flow cytometry and gene expression analyses, A+L significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase (P<0.05) relative to ACBP or L‑OHP alone, and short‑term intraperitoneal injection of ACBP increased the sensitizing effect of L‑OHP. Collectively, these results suggest that high levels of induced ACBP in combination with L‑OHP via a short‑term intermittent medication mode could be a useful clinical therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ouyang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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