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Chetwood JD, Garg P, Finch P, Gordon M. Systematic review: the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in low-income settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:71-88. [PMID: 30791842 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma causes over 380 000 deaths per year, ranking sixth worldwide in mortality amongst all malignancies. Globally, the squamous cell subtype is most common and accounts for 80% of esophageal cancers. Nonetheless, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is much more poorly understood than esophageal adenocarcinoma, including what is driving such high prevalences, why it often presents in young patients, and shows such marked geographical delineations Areas covered: The current literature was searched for articles focusing on aetiopathogenesis of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma via a systematic review, particularly in low-resource settings. This was supplemented by papers of interest known to the authors. Expert commentary: Current putative mechanisms include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acetaldehyde, cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathways, androgen and their receptor levels, as well as smoking & alcohol, micronutrient deficiencies and diet, mycotoxins, thermal damage, oral hygiene and microbiotal factors, inhaled smoke, viral infections such as HPV, and chronic irritative states. Etiology is likely multifactorial and varies geographically. Though smoking and alcohol play a predominant role in high-income settings, there is strong evidence that mycotoxins, diet and temperature effects may play an under-recognized role in low and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | - Priya Garg
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | | | - Melita Gordon
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi.,b College of Medicine , Blantyre , Malawi.,c Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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2
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Rai V. “NQO1Gene C609T Polymorphism (dbSNP: rs1800566) and Digestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis.”. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:557-568. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1460674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gholipour M, Islami F, Roshandel G, Khoshnia M, Badakhshan A, Moradi A, Malekzadeh R. Esophageal Cancer in Golestan Province, Iran: A Review of Genetic Susceptibility and Environmental Risk Factors. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:249-266. [PMID: 27957288 PMCID: PMC5145292 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor that is typically diagnosed only when the tumor has gained remarkable size, extended to peripheral tissues, and led to dysphagia. Five-year survival of advanced cancer is still very poor (19%), even with improved surgical techniques and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Therefore, early detection and prevention are the most important strategies to reduce the burden of ESCC. Our review will focus on the studies conducted in Golestan province, an area with a high prevalence of ESCC in northern Iran. We review three aspects of the research literature on ESCC: epidemiological features, environmental factors (including substance abuse, environmental contaminants, dietary factors, and human papillomavirus [HPV]), and molecular factors (including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulatory proteins, and other relevant biomarkers). Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that some chemicals and lifestyle factors, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), cigarette smoking, opium use, and hot tea drinking are associated with the development of ESCC in Golestan. HPV infects the esophageal epithelium, but so far, no firm evidence of its involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis has been provided. Some of these factors, notably hot tea drinking, may render the esophageal mucosa more susceptible to injury by other carcinogens. There are few studies at molecular level on ESCC in Golestan. Increasing awareness about the known risk factors of ESCC could potentially reduce the burden of ESCC in the region. Further studies on risk factors, identifying high risk populations, and early detection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Gholipour
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Badakhshan
- Health Care Management Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Diao J, Bao J, Peng J, Mo J, Ye Q, He J. Correlation between NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 C609T polymorphism and increased risk of esophageal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 9:13-21. [PMID: 28203294 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016668682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphisms have been reported to influence the risk for esophageal cancer (EC) in many studies. However, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. We performed a meta-analysis, which included 13 independent studies with a total of 2357 subjects, to examine the association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and EC. The association was assessed by five different gene models. The overall analysis suggested that the variant allele and genotypes were significantly related to increased risk of EC (odds ratio [OR] T versus C = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.40, probability of rejection [POR] = 0.014; OR TT versus CC = 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.73, POR = 0.045; OR TC versus CC = 1.32, 95% CI 0.98-1.21, POR = 0.128; OR TT + TC versus CC = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20, POR = 0.05; OR TT versus CC + TC = 1.26, 95% CI 0.95-1.57, POR = 0.103). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of these findings. Our study shows that individuals carrying the NQO1 C609T variant allele and genotypes are more susceptible to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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Osman NATAG, Abd El-Maqsoud NMR, El Gelany SAA. Correlation of NQO1 and Nrf2 in Female Genital Tract Cancer and Their Precancerous Lesions (Cervix, Endometrium and Ovary). World J Oncol 2015; 6:364-374. [PMID: 28983331 PMCID: PMC5624662 DOI: 10.14740/wjon931w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NAD (P) H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a metabolizing enzyme that detoxifies chemical stressors and antioxidants. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NrF2) is an important transcriptional activator involved in the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Methods The immunohistochemical expression of NQO1 and Nrf2 in 80 cervical, 80 endometrial and 100 ovarian specimens with different lesions was studied. Then we study the relation of both NQO1 and Nrf2 expression and clinicopathological features of carcinoma cases. Results Immunohistochemical stain showed that NQO1 and Nrf2 were highly expressed in carcinoma compared with normal and precancerous lesions. Significant positive correlations were found between the mean expression of NQO1 and Nrf2 in different lesions. Moreover, there was significant correlation between the high level of NQO1 and Nrf2 expression and high tumor grade in cervical and endometrial carcinoma cases. Nrf2 expression was significant with advanced stage in endometrial and ovarian carcinomas. Conclusions NQO1 and Nrf2 might be new biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation as well as being targets for therapy in patients with tumors in female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saad Abdelnaby A El Gelany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Maternity Hospital, Egypt
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Dietary food groups intake and cooking methods associations with pancreatic cancer: a case-control study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2015; 34:225-32. [PMID: 26063308 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-015-0573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary habits in the etiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not yet been well elucidated. AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the association of the frequency of different food groups' intake and their cooking methods with PC risk based on a well-designed case-control study. METHODS A case-control study including 307 PC patients and 322 controls referred to four tertiary endosonography centers was conducted from January 2011 to January 2014 to compare the frequency intake of different food items and their cooking methods between cases and controls. RESULTS After adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, years of education, diabetes and alcohol history, smoking status, and opium use, a significant direct relationship was observed between PC risk and intake frequency (time/week) of bread (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI 1.05-2.13; p-value 0.024), rice (OR = 2.10; 95 % CI 1.15-3.82; p for trend 0.034), and red meat (OR = 2.25; 95 % CI 1.22-4.14; p for trend 0.033) (time/day), when comparing the highest category of intake frequency with the lowest, while increasing frequency of fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of PC (OR = 0.93; 95 % CI0.59-1.47; p for trend 0.009). Increasing consumption of barbecuing red meat and deep fried vegetables was associated with 67 % and 70 % increased risk of PC (p-value 0.025 and 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased frequency of intake of bread, rice, and red meat (especially barbecued) and deep fried vegetables can aggregate PC risk, while increased frequency of fish consumption can protect against PC. However, more studies are still needed.
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Promoter region hypermethylation and mRNA expression of MGMT and p16 genes in tissue and blood samples of human premalignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:248419. [PMID: 24991542 PMCID: PMC4058681 DOI: 10.1155/2014/248419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Promoter methylation and relative gene expression of O(6)-methyguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and p16 genes were examined in tissue and blood samples of patients with premalignant oral lesions (PMOLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were performed in 146 tissue and blood samples from controls and patients with PMOLs and OSCC. In PMOL group, significant promoter methylation of MGMT and p16 genes was observed in 59% (P = 0.0010) and 57% (P = 0.0016) of tissue samples, respectively, and 39% (P = 0.0135) and 33% (P = 0.0074) of blood samples, respectively. Promoter methylation of both genes was more frequent in patients with OSCC, that is, 76% (P = 0.0001) and 82% (P = 0.0001) in tissue and 57% (P = 0.0002) and 70% (P = 0.0001) in blood, respectively. Significant downregulation of MGMT and p16 mRNA expression was observed in both tissue and blood samples from patients with PMOLs and OSCC. Hypermethylation-induced transcriptional silencing of MGMT and p16 genes in both precancer and cancer suggests important role of these changes in progression of premalignant state to malignancy. Results support use of blood as potential surrogate to tissue samples for screening or diagnosing PMOLs and early OSCC.
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Association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2063-8. [PMID: 24213850 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an important enzyme which can catalyze the two-electron reduction of quinoid compounds into hydroquinones. NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism can change the enzymatic activity of NQO1, and it has been proposed to be associated with risk of esophageal cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and esophageal cancer. Odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the association. Twelve case-control studies with 1,725 cases with esophageal cancer and 2,341 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was an obvious association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and esophageal cancer (allele model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46, P OR = 0.009; homozygote model: OR = 1.59, 1195% CI 1.10-2.30, P OR = 0.013; dominant model: OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.64, P OR = 0.018). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was an obvious association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and esophageal cancer in Asians but not in Caucasians. Therefore, the meta-analysis suggests that NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism is associated with esophageal cancer risk.
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9
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Zhu CL, Huang Q, Liu CH, Lin XS, Xie F, Shao F. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphism association with digestive tract cancer: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2349-54. [PMID: 23725139 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphisms have been reported to influence the risk for digestive tract cancer (DTC) in many studies; however, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to derive a more precise estimation of any associations. Electronic searches were conducted on links between this variant and DTC in several databases through April 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations in fixed or random effect models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. A total of 21 case-control studies were identified, including 6,198 cases and 7,583 controls. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and DTC risk (TT vs. CC: OR=1.224, 95%CI=1.055-1.421; TT/CT vs. CC: OR=1.195, 95%CI=1.073-1.330; TT vs. CT/CC: OR=1.183, 95%CI=1.029-1.359; T vs. C: OR=1.180, 95%CI=1.080-1.290). When stratified for tumor location, the results based on all studies showed the variant allele 609T might have a significantly increased risk of upper digest tract cancer (UGIC), but not colorectal cancer. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we observed a significantly risk for DTC in Caucasians. For esophageal and gastric cancer, a significantly risk was found in both populations, and for colorectal, a weak risk was observed in Caucasians, but not Asians. This meta-analysis suggested that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism may increase the risk of DTC, especially in the upper gastric tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, China
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NQO1 C609T polymorphism is associated with esophageal cancer risk among Chinese: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2199-203. [PMID: 24142529 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphism has been reported to influence the risk for esophageal cancer (EC) in many studies; however, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to investigate the association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and EC susceptibility. Electronic searches were conducted on links between this variant and EC in several databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for homozygous, dominant model, recessive model and allele were calculated to estimate the strength of associations in fixed and random effect models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. A total of 11 case-control studies were identified, including1,619 cases and 2,101 controls. C allele was associated with a decreased susceptibility risk of EC compared with the T allele among Chinese (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.59-0.84). The contrast of homozygotes and the recessive and dominant models produced the same pattern of results as the allele contrast. Our pooled data suggest a significant association exists between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and EC among Chinese.
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11
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The NQO1 polymorphism C609T (Pro187Ser) and cancer susceptibility: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1325-37. [PMID: 23860519 PMCID: PMC3778271 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence is increasingly emerging about multiple roles for the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 enzyme in cancer. The C609T (rs1800566, Pro187Ser) null polymorphism of the NQO1 gene contributes significantly to the variation in enzymatic activity across different populations. NQO1 C609T polymorphism was thoroughly investigated with respect to cancer susceptibility. The results were inconsistent partly due to low sample sizes. The aim of the present work was to perform a meta-analysis to assess association for all common cancer sites separately and in combination. Methods: Our meta-analysis involved 92 studies including 21 178 cases and 25 157 controls. Statistical analysis involved individual cancer sites and the combined cancer risk. Association was tested under different genetic models. Results: We found a statistically significant association between the variant T allele and overall cancer risk in the worldwide population (for the TT vs CC model, OR=1.18 (1.07–1.31), P=0.002, I2=36%). Stratified analysis revealed that this association was largely attributed to the Caucasian ethnicity (for the TT vs CC model, OR=1.28 (1.12–1.46), P=0.0002, I2=1%). Stratification by tumour site showed significant association for bladder cancer in the worldwide population (for the TT vs CC model, OR=1.70 (1.17–2.46), P=0.005, I2=0%), and in the Asian population (for the TT vs CC model, 1.48 (1.14–1.93), P=0.003, I2=16%). Positive association was also found for gastric cancer in the worldwide population under the dominant model (OR=1.34 (1.09–1.65), P=0.006, I2=15%). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the C609T polymorphism of the NQO1 gene is an important genetic risk factor in cancer.
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Yanling H, Yuhong Z, Wenwu H, Lei X, Mingwu C. NQO1 C609T polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:31. [PMID: 23497461 PMCID: PMC3599172 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have been carried out to test the hypothesis that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism might be associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. However, the results are poorly consistent, partly due to genetic or other sources of heterogeneity. To investigate the association between this polymorphism and the risk of esophageal cancer, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of association. The frequency of the putative risk allele in the controls was estimated by the inverse-variance method. Cochran’s Q statistic and the inconsistency index (I2) were used to check heterogeneity. Egger’s test and an inverted funnel plot were used to assess the publication bias. Results Our study included eight published case-control studies about the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and esophageal cancer, including a total of 1,217 esophageal cancer patients and 1,560 controls. Overall, a significant association was found between the NQO1 C609T variant and esophageal cancer under a recessive model (OR = 1.647; 95% CI = 1.233-2.200). Regarding histological type, more significant evidence was found for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.29-3.19) than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.01-2.56) under a recessive model. Conclusions The meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism considerably increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yanling
- Medical Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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13
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 15:713-22. [PMID: 23102250 DOI: 0121511/aim.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 8th most common cancer and the 6th most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested as a risk factor for developing ESCC. In this paper we will review different aspects of the relationship between PAH exposure and ESCC. PAHs are a group of compounds that are formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Studies in humans have shown an association between PAH exposure and development of ESCC in many populations. The results of a recent case-control study in a high risk population in northeastern Iran showed a dramatic dose-response relationship between PAH content in non-tumor esophageal tissue (the target tissue for esophageal carcinogenesis) and ESCC case status, consistent with a causal role for PAH exposure in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Identifying the main sources of exposure to PAHs may be the first and most important step in designing appropriate PAH-reduction interventions for controlling ESCC, especially in high risk areas. Coal smoke and drinking mate have been suggested as important modifiable sources of PAH exposure in China and Brazil, respectively. But the primary source of exposure to PAHs in other high risk areas for ESCC, such as northeastern Iran, has not yet been identified. Thus, environmental studies to determining important sources of PAH exposure should be considered as a high priority in future research projects in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Sepanlou SG, Etemadi A, Kamangar F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Islami F, Sadjadi A, Nasrollahzadeh D, Semnani S, Abnet C, Ponder B, Pharoh P, day N, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Malekzadeh R. The gastro-esophageal malignancies in Northern Iran research project: impact on the health research and health care systems in Iran. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 16:46-53. [PMID: 23273237 PMCID: PMC3659328 DOI: 013161/aim.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gastro-Esophageal Malignancies in Northern Iran (GEMINI) research project is an example of recent progress in health research in Iran. The original aim of this project was to identify etiologic factors and prevention measures for upper gastrointestinal cancers in Northern provinces of Iran, but its achievements have gone much beyond this initial goal. METHODS GEMINI consists of several projects including cancer registries, pilot studies, case-control studies, and the Golestan Cohort Study. GEMINI has been conducted through extensive collaborations between the Digestive Disease Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences with other domestic and international health organizations. The achievements of GEMINI include producing new knowledge, introducing new research methods, developing and expanding health research and health care infrastructures, investing in human resources, and increasing the awareness and knowledge of policy makers and officials at all levels about the importance of chronic diseases in Iran's health priorities. CONCLUSION The success of GEMINI reveals the feasibility of large-scale health research studies in developing countries and serves as a successful model not only for health research in Iran, but also for similar research studies in other developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf G. Sepanlou
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
- Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alireza Sadjadi
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Nasrollahzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Christian Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Nick day
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, US
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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15
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Tang D, Kryvenko ON, Wang Y, Jankowski M, Trudeau S, Rundle A, Rybicki BA. Elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in benign prostate and risk of prostate cancer in African Americans. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:113-20. [PMID: 23066084 PMCID: PMC3534199 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogen-DNA adducts, a marker of DNA damage, are capable of inducing mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, resulting in carcinogenesis. We have shown previously that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adduct levels in prostate cancer cases vary by cellular histology and that higher adduct levels are associated with biochemical recurrence. A nested case-control study was conducted in a historical cohort of 6692 men with histopathologically benign prostate specimens. PAH-DNA adduct levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in benign prostate specimens from 536 prostate cancer case-control pairs (59% White and 41% African American). We estimated the overall and race-stratified risk of subsequent prostate cancer associated with higher adduct levels. Prostate cancer risk for men with elevated adduct levels (defined as greater than control group median) was slightly increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.67, P = 0.07]. After race stratification, elevated adduct levels were significantly associated with increased risk in African American men (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.00-2.44, *P = 0.05) but not White men (OR = 1.14, CI = 0.82-1.59, P = 0.45). Elevated PAH-DNA adduct levels were significantly associated with 60% increased risk of prostate cancer among cases diagnosed 1-4 years after cohort entry (OR = 1.60, CI = 1.07-2.41) with a greater risk observed in African Americans within the first 4 years of follow-up (OR = 4.71, CI = 1.97-11.26, ***P = 0.0005). Analyses stratified by age or tumor grade revealed no additional significant heterogeneity in risk. Increased prostate cancer risk associated with high PAH-DNA adduct levels in benign prostate was found only in African Americans; risk was greatest within 4 years of follow-up, possibly reflecting a carcinogenic process not yet histologically detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Jankowski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sheri Trudeau
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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16
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Null association of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms with susceptibility and prognosis of Esophageal cancer in north Indian population and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e373-9. [PMID: 22770696 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), involved in detoxification of environmental carcinogens and activation of chemotherapeutic agents, are supposed to play critical role in carcinogenesis. So, we aimed to investigate the association of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms with susceptibility and prognosis of Esophageal cancer (EC) in north Indian population. We also performed Meta analysis of published literatures on NQO1 609C>T polymorphism to systematically evaluate its association with EC. METHODS We genotyped NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms in 200 incident EC cases (including 150 follow-up cases) and 200 controls using PCR RFLP based methods. Binary logistic regression was applied for risk estimation, while Kaplan Meier and Cox regression tests were applied for survival analysis. All Meta analysis tests were performed using MIX 2.0 software. RESULTS The present study did not find any significant association of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms with susceptibility to EC or its clinical phenotypes (histopathology, tumor location or lymph node metastasis) or interactions with lifestyle risk factors (tobacco usage, smoking, alcohol habit and occupational exposures). Meta analysis of NQO1 polymorphism also indicated null association of the polymorphism with EC overall or with cancer cases stratified by tumor histopathology/ethnicity. Moreover, no prognostic implication of both polymorphisms was observed in EC. CONCLUSION NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms do not seem to play any significant role in susceptibility or prognosis of EC in north Indian population and results of Meta-analysis further reinforces null association of NQO1 609C>T polymorphism with EC susceptibility.
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17
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Malik MA, Zargar SA, Mittal B. Role of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A gene polymorphisms in esophageal cancer risk in Kashmir valley and meta analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9095-104. [PMID: 22736108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a complex multifactorial disorder, where environmental and genetic factors play major role. NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) are phase II cytosolic enzymes that catalyze metabolism of quinones, important in the detoxification of environmental carcinogens. A case-control study was performed to investigated the associations of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms with susceptibility to EC in a high-risk Kashmiri population of India in 135 EC patients and 195 unrelated healthy controls using PCR-RFLP. We also performed a meta analysis of nine published studies (1,224 cases and 1,740 controls) on NQO1 609C>T and evaluated the association between the NQO1 609C>T polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk. A significant difference in NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A genotype distribution between EC cases and corresponding controls groups was observed (OR = 2.65; 95 % CI = 1.29-5.42 and OR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.02-3.49 respectively). Further, gene-gene interaction showed significantly increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma with variant genotypes of NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A polymorphisms and interaction with environmental risk factors revealed pronounced risk of EC with NQO1 609C>T TT genotype in high salted tea users of Kashmir valley (OR = 3.72, 95 % CI = 0.98-14.19). Meta analysis of NQO 609C>T polymorphism also suggested association of the polymorphism with EC in Asians as well as Europeans. In conclusion, NQO1 609C>T and NQO2 -3423G>A genetic variations modulate risk of EC in high-risk Kashmir population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Malik
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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18
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Yu HS, Oyama T, Matsuda T, Isse T, Yamaguchi T, Tanaka M, Tsuji M, Kawamoto T. The effect of ethanol on the formation of N2-ethylidene-dG adducts in mice: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenicity of the oral cavity and esophagus. Biomarkers 2012; 17:269-74. [PMID: 22416850 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.666675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to experimentally confirm that long-term alcohol drinking causes a high risk of oral and esophageal cancer in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)-deficient individuals. Aldh2 knockout mice, an animal model of ALDH2-deficiency, were treated with 8% ethanol for 14 months. Levels of acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts were increased in esophagus, tongue and submandibular gland. Our finding that a lack of Aldh2 leads to more DNA damage after chronic ethanol treatment in mice supports epidemiological findings on the carcinogenicity of alcohol in ALDH2-deficient individuals who drink chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Yu H, Liu H, Wang LE, Wei Q. A functional NQO1 609C>T polymorphism and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30566. [PMID: 22272361 PMCID: PMC3260285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The functional polymorphism (rs1800566) in the NQO1 gene, a 609C>T substitution, leading to proline-to-serine amino-acid and enzyme activity changes, has been implicated in cancer risk, but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a meta-analysis of 20 publications with a total of 5,491 cases and 5,917 controls, mainly on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We summarized the data on the association between the NQO1 609C>T polymorphism and risk of GI cancers and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity, cancer site, and study quality. We found that the variant CT heterozygous and CT/TT genotypes of the NQO1 609 C>T polymorphism were associated with a modestly increased risk of GI cancers (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.27, I2 = 0.15; CT/TT vs. CC: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.02 – 1.20, Pheterogeneity = 0.14; I2 = 0.27). Following further stratified analyses, the increased risk was only observed in subgroups of Caucasians, colorectal cancer in Caucasians, and high quality studies. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 609T allele is a low-penetrance risk factor for GI cancers. Although the effect on GI cancers may be modified by ethnicity and cancer sites, small sample seizes of the subgroup analyses suggest that further larger studies are needed, especially for non-colorectal GI cancers in Caucasians and GI cancers in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HY); (QW)
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li-E Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HY); (QW)
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Wang Z, Hu J, Zhong J. Meta-analysis of the NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 gene 609 C>T polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:560-7. [PMID: 22017531 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between the NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene 609 C>T polymorphism and esophageal cancer (EC) has been widely evaluated; however, the results are often irreproducible. We thus aimed to comprehensively evaluate this association through a meta-analysis. Data were extracted from 10 study populations involving 1390 EC patients and 1812 controls, and were analyzed using STATA software. Random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity, which was assessed by the inconsistency index (I(2)) statistic. Publication bias was weighted by the funnel plot and Egger's test. Genotype distributions of the NQO1 gene 609 C>T polymorphism met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls for all studies. Allelic comparison indicated that NQO1 609 T allele conferred an increased risk (odds ratio [OR]=1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.49; p=0.035), accompanying significant heterogeneity (I(2)=63.4%, p=0.003) and no publication bias (p(Egger)=0.391). This association was potentially enhanced in homozygous comparison (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.03-2.41; p=0.035; I(2)= 55.4%, p(heterogeneity)=0.017 and p(Egger)=0.461). Under dominant and recessive models, similar associations were obtained with an increased, although marginally significant risk. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity supported the risk profiles of the NQO1 gene 609 T allele and 609 TT genotype with EC in Eastern Asians, not in Europeans. Meta-regression analysis indicated that association between the NQO1 gene 609 C>T polymorphism and EC risk was significantly decreased with aging in case-patients (R(2)=-0.57; p=0.042). We expand previous studies by showing that the NQO1 gene 609 C>T polymorphism might contribute to EC occurrence, especially in Eastern Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Formation of acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts due to alcohol exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:367-75. [PMID: 20813101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified chronic alcohol consumption as a significant risk factor for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and for cancer of the liver. Ingested ethanol is mainly oxidized by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and catalase to form acetaldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) to produce acetate. Polymorphisms of the genes which encode enzymes for ethanol metabolism affect the ethanol/acetaldehyde oxidizing capacity. ADH1B*2 allele (ADH1B, one of the enzyme in ADH family) is commonly observed in Asian population, has much higher enzymatic activity than ADH1B*1 allele. Otherwise, approximately 40% of Japanese have single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALDH2 gene. The ALDH2 *2 allele encodes a protein with an amino acid change from glutamate to lysine (derived from the ALDH2*1 allele) and devoid of enzymatic activity. Neither the homozygote (ALDH2*2/*2) nor heterozygote (ALDH2*1/*2) is able to metabolize acetaldehyde promptly. Acetaldehyde is a genotoxic compound that reacts with DNA to form primarily a Schiff base N(2)-ethylidene-2'-deoxyguanosine (N(2)-ethylidene-dG) adduct, which may be converted by reducing agents to N(2)-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (N(2)-ethyl-dG) in vivo, and strongly blocked translesion DNA synthesis. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between ALDH2 genotypes and the development of certain types of cancer. On the other hand, the drinking of alcohol induces the expression of CYP2E1, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage. This review covers the combined effects of alcohol and ALDH2 polymorphisms on cancer risk. Studies show that ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygotes who habitually consume alcohol have higher rates of cancer than ALDH2*1/*1 homozygotes. Moreover, they support that chronic alcohol consumption contributes to formation of various DNA adducts. Although some DNA adducts formation is demonstrated to be an initiation step of carcinogenesis, it is still unclear that whether these alcohol-related DNA adducts are true factors or initiators of cancer. Future studies are needed to better characterize and to validate the roles of these DNA adducts in human study.
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