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Felisbino K, Granzotti JG, Bello-Santos L, Guiloski IC. Nutrigenomics in Regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699220. [PMID: 34366888 PMCID: PMC8334860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics is the study of the gene-nutrient interaction and it indicates that some nutrients, called bioactive compounds, can mold the genetic expression or change the nucleotide chain. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in plants that are regularly consumed in functional foods and help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. This article objected to review studies about the interaction of diet with polyphenols and Mediterranean diet in the expression of human genes related to T2DM. Resveratrol acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and increases mitochondrial function. Regular consumption of quercetin resulted in improvement of hypertension and suppression of diabetes-induced vasoconstriction. Genistein also showed positive results in T2DM, such as increased cell mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin levels. Catechins showed efficiency in inducing genes in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, inhibition of fatty acids and cholesterol, and resulting in their participation in mitigating complications of diabetes. Lastly, curcumin was demonstrated to be a protector of the pancreatic islets against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress. Growing evidence suggest that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have an important role in T2DM and the prevention and treatment of its complication, as they cause activation or inhibition of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Felisbino
- Centro de Ensino Superior de Maringá (CESUMAR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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Sodium bicarbonate gels: a new promising strategy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105621. [PMID: 33122009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC), caused mainly by the yeast Candida albicans, is the second most prevalent vaginal infection. It has been found to have a large impact on women's quality of life, self-esteem and routines. The prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) remains high so the development of alternative treatments is needed. The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize sodium bicarbonate gels to treat VVC. We described key formulation characteristics and analyzed their influence on in vitro performance evaluations. The potential to inhibit Candida albicans's growth, the pH, osmolality, viscosity and rheological performance in contact with vaginal fluid simulant and the bioadhesion's profile (using a vaginal ex vivo porcine model) were studied for all formulations. Among the formulations, formulation C (5% sodium bicarbonate, 1% carbomer and 94% water) was the most effective in inhibiting the C. albicans' growth. This gel presented the same potential (the same MIC 2.5%) to inhibit other etiological agents of VVC (C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) for all species tested. Additionally, sensorial characteristics of gel C were in accord with users' preferences. This gel exhibited physicochemical characteristics acceptable for short term treatments, suggesting good overall performance for the treatment of VVC. Furthermore, Gel C was biocompatible with the HeLa cell line (MTT assay) and was classified as a non-severe irritant in the HET-CAM assay (irritation score 4 ± 1). Overall, gel C was deemed the best performing of the set tested, and suitable for further development.
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Al-Qarni R, Iqbal M, Al-Otaibi M, Al-Saif F, Alfadda AA, Alkhalidi H, Bamehriz F, Hassanain M. Validating candidate biomarkers for different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21463. [PMID: 32898995 PMCID: PMC7478685 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver. NAFLD may range from simple steatosis to advanced cirrhosis, and affects more than 1 billion people around the world. To date, there has been no effective treatment for NAFLD. In this study, we evaluated the expression of 4 candidate NAFLD biomarkers to assess their possible applicability in the classification and treatment of the disease.Twenty-six obese subjects, who underwent bariatric surgery, were recruited and their liver biopsies obtained. Expression of 4 candidate biomarker genes, PNPLA3, COL1A1, PPP1R3B, and KLF6 were evaluated at gene and protein levels by RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.A significant increase in the levels of COL1A1 protein (P = .03) and PNPLA3 protein (P = .03) were observed in patients with fibrosis-stage NAFLD compared to that in patients with steatosis-stage NAFLD. However, no significant differences were found in abundance of PPP1R3B and KLF6 proteins or at the gene level for any of the candidate.This is the first study, to our knowledge, to report on the expression levels of candidate biomarker genes for NAFLD in the Saudi population. Although PNPLA3 and PPP1R3B had been previously suggested as biomarkers for steatosis and KLF6 as a possible marker for the fibrosis stage of NAFLD, our results did not support these findings. However, other studies that had linked PNPLA3 to fibrosis in advanced NAFLD supported our current finding of high PNPLA3 protein in patients with fibrosis. Additionally, our results support COL1A1 protein as a potential biomarker for the fibrosis stage of NAFLD, and indicate its use in the screening of patients with NAFLD. Further studies are required to validate the use of COL1A1 as a biomarker for advanced NAFLD in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Faisal Al-Saif
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fahad Bamehriz
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ravid A, Rapaport N, Issachar A, Erman A, Bachmetov L, Tur-Kaspa R, Zemel R. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Production in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line by a Vitamin D Receptor-Independent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2367. [PMID: 31086078 PMCID: PMC6539257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), both remarkably inhibit hepatitis C virus production. The mechanism by which vitamin D3 exerts its effect is puzzling due to the low levels of calcitriol produced in vitamin D3-treated Huh7.5 cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of vitamin D3 anti-hepatitis C virus effect. We show that vitamin D3 activity is not mediated by its metabolic conversion to calcitriol, but may be due to its primary metabolic product 25(OH)D3. This is inferred from the findings that 25(OH)D3 could inhibit hepatitis C virus production in our system, and that adequate concentrations needed to exert this effect are produced in Huh7.5 cells treated with vitamin D3. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology to knockout the vitamin D receptor, we found that the antiviral activity of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 was not impaired in the vitamin D receptor knockout cells. This result indicates that 25(OH)D3 anti-hepatitis C virus effect is exerted by a vitamin D receptor-independent mode of action. The possibility that vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3, being 3β-hydroxysteroids, affect hepatitis C virus production by direct inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway in a vitamin D receptor-independent manner was ruled out. Taken together, this study proposes a novel mode of action for the anti-hepatitis C virus activity of vitamin D3 that is mediated by 25(OH)D3 in a vitamin D receptor-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiram Ravid
- Endocrine Immunology Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Noa Rapaport
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Assaf Issachar
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Arie Erman
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Larisa Bachmetov
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Ran Tur-Kaspa
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petah Tikva, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Romy Zemel
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
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Wu HH, Li YL, Liu NJ, Yang Z, Tao XM, Du YP, Wang XC, Lu B, Zhang ZY, Hu RM, Wen J. TCF7L2 regulates pancreatic β-cell function through PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:55. [PMID: 31312258 PMCID: PMC6612183 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), which previously known as TCF-4, is a major form of transcription factor involved in the downstream WNT signaling and exhibits the strongest association to diabetes susceptibility. Although we still do not know mechanistically how TCF7L2 exerts its physiological functions on pancreatic endocrine cells, it had been suggested that TCF7L2 may directly affect β-cell function by regulating the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS MIN6 cells were transfected with TCF7L2 knockdown virus or lenti-TCF7L2 virus for 48 h to evaluate the contribution of TCF7L2 to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and pancreatic β-cell function. This was confirmed by measuring the expression of PI3K p85 and p-Akt by western blotting and insulin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments were performed to explore the genomic distribution of TCF7L2-binding sites in the promoter of PIK3R1, the affinity between which was analyzed by the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS In the present study, we strikingly identified that TCF7L2 could profoundly inhibit the expression of PIK3R1 gene and its encoding protein PI3K p85, which then could lead to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and stimulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. However, the integrity and stability of evolutionarily conserved TCF7L2-binding motif plays a very crucial role in the binding events between transcription factor TCF7L2 and its candidate target genes. We also found that the affinity of TCF7L2 to the promoter region of PIK3R1 alters upon the specific binding sites, which further provides statistical validation to the necessity of TCF7L2-binding motif. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that TCF7L2 is closely bound to the specific binding regions of PIK3R1 promoter and prominently controls the transcription of its encoding protein p85, which further affects the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Nai-Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200020 China
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hua Dong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yan-Ping Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hua Dong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xuan-Chun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Zhao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040 China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
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