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Gunawardena TD, Corballis N, Merinopoulos I, Wickramarachchi U, Reinhold J, Maart C, Sreekumar S, Sawh C, Wistow T, Sarev T, Ryding A, Gilbert TJ, Clark A, Vassiliou VS, Eccleshall S. Drug-Coated Balloon vs. Drug-Eluting Stents for De Novo Unprotected Left Main Stem Disease: The SPARTAN-LMS Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020084. [PMID: 36826580 PMCID: PMC9963161 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of patients treated with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) or second-generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) for de novo unprotected left main stem (LMS) disease. Previous studies comparing the treatment of LMS disease suggest that the mortality for DES PCI is not worse than CABG. There are limited data from studies investigating the treatment of de novo LMS disease with DCB angioplasty. We compared the all-cause and cardiac mortality of patients treated with paclitaxel DCB to those with second-generation DES for de novo LMS disease from July 2014 to November 2019. Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier analyses and propensity-matched analyses. A total of 148 patients were treated with either a DCB or DES strategy. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality in the DCB group (19.5%) compared to the DES group (15.9%) (HR 1.42 [0.61-3.32], p = 0.42). Regarding cardiac mortality, 2 (4.9%) were recorded for the DCB group and 7 (6.5%) for the DES group (HR 1.21 [0.31-4.67], p = 0.786); for target vessel myocardial infarction, there were 0 (0%) for the DCB group and 7 (6.5%) for the DES group; and for target lesion revascularisation, there were 3 (7.3%) in the DCB group and 9 (8.3%) in the DES group (HR: 0.89 [0.24-3.30]). p = 0.86. These remained not significant after propensity score matching. We found no difference in the mortality outcomes with DCB angioplasty compared to second-generation DES, with a median follow-up of 33 months. DCB can therefore be regarded as a safe option in the treatment of LMS disease in suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharusha D. Gunawardena
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Natasha Corballis
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Ioannis Merinopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Upul Wickramarachchi
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Johannes Reinhold
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Clint Maart
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Sulfi Sreekumar
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Chris Sawh
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Trevor Wistow
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Toomas Sarev
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Alisdair Ryding
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Tim J. Gilbert
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Vassilios S. Vassiliou
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Simon Eccleshall
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
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Dąbrowski EJ, Kożuch M, Dobrzycki S. Left Main Coronary Artery Disease-Current Management and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195745. [PMID: 36233613 PMCID: PMC9573137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its anatomical features, patients with an obstruction of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) have an increased risk of death. For years, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been considered as a gold standard for revascularization. However, notable advancements in the field of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) led to its acknowledgement as an important treatment alternative, especially in patients with low and intermediate anatomical complexity. Although recent years brought several random clinical trials that investigated the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous approach in LMCA, there are still uncertainties regarding optimal revascularization strategies. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment methods of LMCA disease, focusing on percutaneous methods.
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Yamamoto K, Natsuaki M, Morimoto T, Shiomi H, Takeji Y, Kadota K, Imada K, Toyofuku M, Kanemitsu N, Shinoda E, Suwa S, Iwakura A, Tamura T, Soga Y, Inada T, Matsuda M, Koyama T, Aoyama T, Kato E, Sato Y, Furukawa Y, Ando K, Yamazaki F, Komiya T, Minatoya K, Nakagawa Y, Kimura T. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Versus Without Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Cardiol 2021; 145:37-46. [PMID: 33454346 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) might be an important determinant in choosing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, there is a scarcity of studies evaluating the effect of CKD on long-term outcomes after PCI relative to CABG in the population including severe CKD. Among 30257 consecutive patients patients who underwent first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-2 (n = 15330) and Cohort-3 (n = 14,927), we identified the current study population of 12,878 patients with multivessel or left main disease, and compared long-term clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG stratified by the subgroups based on the stages of CKD (no CKD: eGFR >=60 ml/min/1.73m2, moderate CKD: 60> eGFR >=30 ml/min/1.73m2, and severe CKD: eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73m2 or dialysis). There were 6,999 patients without CKD (PCI: n = 5,268, and CABG: n = 1,731), 4,427 patients with moderate CKD (PCI: n = 3,226, and CABG: n = 1,201), and 1,452 patients with severe CKD (PCI: n = 989, and CABG: n = 463). During median 5.6 years of follow-up, the excess mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG was significant regardless of the stages of CKD without interaction (no CKD: HR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.12 to 1.65; p = 0.002, moderate CKD: HR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.17 to 1.67; p <0.001, and severe CKD: HR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.09 to 1.62; p = 0.004, Interaction p = 0.83). There were no significant interactions between CKD and the effect of PCI relative to CABG for all the outcome measures evaluated. In conclusion, PCI compared with CABG was associated with significantly higher risk for all-cause death regardless of the stages of CKD without any significant interaction.
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Schaefer A, Conradi L, Schneeberger Y, Reichenspurner H, Sandner S, Tebbe U, Nowak B, Stritzke J, Kastrati A, Schunkert H, von Scheidt M. Clinical outcomes of complete versus incomplete revascularization in patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting: insights from the TiCAB trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 59:ezaa330. [PMID: 33188598 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this post hoc analysis of the Ticagrelor in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) trial, we aimed to analyse patients treated with CABG receiving either complete revascularization (CR) or incomplete revascularization (ICR) independent from random allocation to either ticagrelor or aspirin. METHODS Of 1859 patients enrolled in the Ticagrelor in CABG trial, 1550 patients (83.4%) received CR and 309 patients (16.6%) ICR. Outcomes were evaluated regarding all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization, stroke and bleeding within 12 months after CABG. RESULTS Baseline parameters revealed significant differences regarding clinical presentation (stable angina pectoris: CR 68.9% vs ICR 71.2%, instable angina pectoris: 14.1% vs 7.8%, non-ST elevation MI: 17.0% vs 21.0%, P ˂ 0.01), lesion characteristics (chronic total occlusion: CR 91.3% vs ICR 96.8%, P ˂ 0.01), operative technique [off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB): CR 3.0% vs ICR 6.1%, P ˂ 0.01] and number of utilized grafts (total number of grafts: 2.69/patient vs 2.49/patient, P ˂ 0.001). ICR patients displayed a significantly increased risk of repeat revascularization [hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.16; P < 0.01] and percutaneous coronary intervention (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13-3.35; P < 0.05) within 12 months after CABG. Higher risk for repeat revascularization in ICR patients was independent from random allocation to either ticagrelor or aspirin and persisted after adjustment for baseline imbalances. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ICR presented more stable at the time of admission, but received less grafts, highly likely due to a higher rate of chronic total occlusion lesions and performed OPCAB. Although mortality presented no difference between groups, our results suggest that patients benefit from CR with regard to prevention of repeat revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lenard Conradi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schneeberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Sandner
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Tebbe
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, District Hospital Lippe-Detmold, Detmold, Germany
| | - Bernd Nowak
- CCB, Cardiovascular Center Bethanien, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Stritzke
- Lanserhof Sylt, Marienstein Privatklinik, List, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Three-year clinical outcome of unprotected left main coronary artery disease patients complicated with chronic kidney disease treated by coronary artery bypass graft versus percutaneous coronary intervention. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:89-96. [PMID: 32529544 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) in unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) patients complicated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Three hundred sixty-eight ULMCAD patients complicated with CKD who underwent first ever CABG (n = 207) or PCI with DES (n = 161) were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Patients were followed up to MACCE occurrence or 36 months after operations, and accumulating MACCE occurrence was calculated. RESULTS Accumulating MACCE occurrence was decreased in CABG group compared with PCI group (P = 0.007). Subgroup analysis showed that CKD stage positively correlated with accumulating MACCE occurrence in total patients (P = 0.006) and in PCI-treated patients (P = 0.018), but not in CABG-treated patients (P = 0.217). Further univariate Cox's regression model displayed that CABG (versus (vs.) PCI) (P = 0.008) was associated with lower accumulating MACCE occurrence, while age (≥ 65 years) (P = 0.048), hyperlipidemia (P = 0.013), diabetes (P = 0.012), previous heart failure (P = 0.011), previous stroke (P = 0.030), LVEF < 50% (P = 0.048), higher CKD stage (P = 0.002), and more diseased vessels (P = 0.022) were associated with increased accumulating MACCE occurrence. Forward stepwise multivariate Cox's regression model disclosed that CABG (vs. PCI) (P = 0.002) independently predicted decreased accumulating MACCE occurrence, whereas hyperlipidemia (P = 0.033), diabetes (P = 0.002), higher CKD stage (P = 0.001), and more diseased vessels (P = 0.009) independently predicted elevated accumulating MACCE occurrence. CONCLUSION CABG could be considered as the preferred treatment strategy compared with PCI with DES in ULMCAD patients complicated with CKD.
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Giustino G, Stone GW. Balancing risks and benefits of left main revascularisation strategies in patients with chronic kidney disease. EUROINTERVENTION 2020; 16:13-15. [PMID: 32439624 DOI: 10.4244/eijv16i1a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Giustino
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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