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de Sá Marchi MF, Rosa VEE, Nicz PFG, Fonseca JHDAPD, Calomeni P, Chiodini F, Sampaio RO, Pomerantzeff PMA, Vieira MDC, Tarasoutchi F, Van Mieghem NM, Brito FSD, Abizaid A, Ribeiro HB. Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Versus Surgical Reoperation. Am J Cardiol 2024; 214:8-17. [PMID: 38104756 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical implications of myocardial injury, as determined by cardiac biomarker increase, in patients who underwent mitral bioprosthesis dysfunction treatment with transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) versus surgical mitral valve replacement reoperation (SMVR-REDO). Between 2014 and 2023, 310 patients with mitral bioprosthesis failure were included (90 and 220 patients for TMVR and SMVR-REDO, respectively). Multivariable analysis and propensity score matching were performed to adjust for the intergroup differences in baseline characteristics. Creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTn) were collected at baseline and 6 to 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervention. The cardiac biomarkers values were evaluated in relation to their reference values. The outcomes were determined according to the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria. CK-MB and cTn increased above the reference level in almost all patients after SMVR-REDO and TMVR (100% vs 94%, respectively), with the peak occurring within 6 to 12 hours. SMVR-REDO was associated with a two- to threefold higher increase in cardiac biomarkers. After 30 days, the mortality rates were 13.3% in the TMVR and 16.8% in the SMVR-REDO groups. At a median follow-up of 19 months, the mortality rates were 21.1% in the TMVR and 17.7% in the SMVR-REDO groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CK-MB, and cTn were predictors of mortality. In conclusion, some degree of myocardial injury occurred systematically after the treatment of mitral bioprosthetic degeneration, especially after SMVR, and higher CK-MB and cTn levels were associated with increased cumulative late mortality, regardless of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Felippi de Sá Marchi
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vitor Emer Egypto Rosa
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Felipe Gomes Nicz
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Calomeni
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Chiodini
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roney Orismar Sampaio
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Campos Vieira
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Tarasoutchi
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fábio Sandoli de Brito
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Abizaid
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro
- Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Benjamin MM, Rabbat MG. Artificial Intelligence in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Its Current Role and Ongoing Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:261. [PMID: 38337777 PMCID: PMC10855497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement, as accumulating clinical evidence has demonstrated its safety and efficacy. TAVR indications have expanded beyond high-risk or inoperable patients to include intermediate and low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of cardiology, aiding in the interpretation of medical imaging and developing risk models for at-risk individuals and those with cardiac disease. This article explores the growing role of AI in TAVR procedures and assesses its potential impact, with particular focus on its ability to improve patient selection, procedural planning, post-implantation monitoring and contribute to optimized patient outcomes. In addition, current challenges and future directions in AI implementation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M. Benjamin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, SSM—Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Mark G. Rabbat
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Department of Cardiology, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
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3
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de Sá Marchi MF, Calomeni P, Gauza MDM, Kanhouche G, Ravani LV, Rodrigues CVF, Tarasoutchi F, de Brito FS, Rodés-Cabau J, Van Mieghem NM, Abizaid A, Ribeiro HB. Impact of periprocedural myocardial injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation on long-term mortality: a meta-analysis of Kaplan-Meier derived individual patient data. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1228305. [PMID: 38028447 PMCID: PMC10667910 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1228305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periprocedural myocardial injury (PPMI) frequently occurs after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), although its impact on long-term mortality is uncertain. Methods We performed a pooled analysis of Kaplan-Meier-derived individual patient data to compare survival in patients with and without PPMI after TAVI. Flexible parametric models with B-splines and landmark analyses were used to determine PPMI prognostic value. Subgroup analyses for VARC-2, troponin, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)-defined PPMI were also performed. Results Eighteen observational studies comprising 10,094 subjects were included. PPMI was associated with lower overall survival (OS) after two years (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.30-1.65, p < 0.01). This was also observed when restricting the analysis to overall VARC-2-defined PPMI (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.40, p < 0.01). For VARC-2 PPMI criteria and VARC-2 troponin-only, higher mortality was restricted to the first 2 months after TAVI (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.31-2.07, p < 0.01; and HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.05-1.67, p = 0.02, respectively), while for VARC-2 defined CK-MB-only the increase in mortality was confined to the first 30 days (HR = 7.44, 95% CI 4.76-11.66, p < 0.01). Conclusion PPMI following TAVI was associated with lower overall survival compared with patients without PPMI. PPMI prognostic impact is restricted to the initial months after the procedure. The analyses were consistent for VARC-2 criteria and for both biomarkers, yet CK-MB was a stronger prognostic marker of mortality than troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Felippi de Sá Marchi
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pedro Calomeni
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriel Kanhouche
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lis Victória Ravani
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caio Vinicius Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flávio Tarasoutchi
- Unidade Clinica de Valvopatias, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fábio Sandoli de Brito
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Josep Rodés-Cabau
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alexandre Abizaid
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista e Hemodinamica, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
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Real C, Avvedimento M, Nuche J, Franzone A, Farjat-Pasos J, Trinh KH, Delarochellière R, Paradis JM, Poulin A, Dumont E, Kalavrouziotis D, Mohammadi S, Mengi S, Esposito G, Rodés-Cabau J. Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement According to VARC-3 Criteria. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:1221-1232. [PMID: 37225294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-3 definition for myocardial injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) lacks of clinical validation. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of periprocedural myocardial injury (PPMI) following TAVR as defined by recent VARC-3 criteria. METHODS We included 1,394 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR with a new-generation transcatheter heart valve. High-sensitivity troponin levels were assessed at baseline and within 24 hours after the procedure. PPMI was defined according to VARC-3 criteria as an increase ≥70 times in troponin levels (vs ≥15 times according to the VARC-2 definition). Baseline, procedural, and follow-up data were prospectively collected. RESULTS PPMI was diagnosed in 193 (14.0%) patients. Female sex and peripheral artery disease were independent predictors of PPMI (P < 0.01 for both). PPMI was associated with a higher risk of mortality at 30-day (HR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.50-4.82; P = 0.001) and 1-year (for all-cause mortality, HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.04-2.27; P = 0.032; for cardiovascular mortality, HR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.68-5.50; P < 0.001) follow-up. PPMI according to VARC-2 criteria had no impact on mortality. CONCLUSIONS About 1 out of 10 patients undergoing TAVR in the contemporary era had PPMI as defined by recent VARC-3 criteria, and baseline factors like female sex and peripheral artery disease determined an increased risk. PPMI had a negative impact on early and late survival. Further studies on the prevention of PPMI post-TAVR and implementing measures to improve outcomes in PPMI patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Real
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Avvedimento
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jorge Nuche
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Franzone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Julio Farjat-Pasos
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim-Hoang Trinh
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Michel Paradis
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony Poulin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Dumont
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Siamak Mohammadi
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Mengi
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Josep Rodés-Cabau
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Guney MC, Keles T, Karaduman BD, Ayhan H, Suygun H, Kahyaoglu M, Bozkurt E. Predictors and Prognostic Implications of Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:483735. [PMID: 35838644 DOI: 10.14503/thij-20-7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury (MI) is not unusual after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). To determine precipitating factors and prognostic outcomes of MI after TAVR, we retrospectively investigated relationships between MI after TAVR and aortic root dimensions, baseline patient characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and procedural features. Of 474 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for severe aortic stenosis in our tertiary center from June 2011 through June 2018, 188 (mean age, 77.7 ± 7.7 yr; 96 women [51%]) met the study inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into postprocedural MI (PMI) (n=74) and no-PMI (n=114) groups, in accordance with high-sensitivity troponin T levels. We found that MI risk was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.054; 95% CI, 1.013-1.098; P=0.01), transcatheter heart valve type (OR=10.207; 95% CI, 2.861-36.463; P=0.001), distances from the aortic annulus to the right coronary artery ostium (OR=0.853; 95% CI, 0.731-0.995; P=0.04) and the left main coronary artery ostium (OR=0.747; 95% CI, 0.616-0.906; P=0.003), and baseline glomerular filtration rate (OR=0.985; 95% CI, 0.970-1.000; P=0.04). Moreover, the PMI group had a longer time to hospital discharge (P=0.001) and a higher permanent pacemaker implantation rate (P=0.04) than did the no-PMI group. Our findings may enable better estimation of which patients are at higher risk of MI after TAVR and thus improve the planning and course of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Can Guney
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Telat Keles
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Duran Karaduman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atilim University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ayhan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atilim University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Suygun
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Kahyaoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziantep Abdulkadir Yuksel State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Engin Bozkurt
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Généreux P, Piazza N, Alu MC, Nazif T, Hahn RT, Pibarot P, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Blanke P, Blackstone EH, Finn MT, Kapadia S, Linke A, Mack MJ, Makkar R, Mehran R, Popma JJ, Reardon M, Rodes-Cabau J, Van Mieghem NM, Webb JG, Cohen DJ, Leon MB. Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: updated endpoint definitions for aortic valve clinical research. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1825-1857. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC), founded in 2010, was intended to (i) identify appropriate clinical endpoints and (ii) standardize definitions of these endpoints for transcatheter and surgical aortic valve clinical trials. Rapid evolution of the field, including the emergence of new complications, expanding clinical indications, and novel therapy strategies have mandated further refinement and expansion of these definitions to ensure clinical relevance. This document provides an update of the most appropriate clinical endpoint definitions to be used in the conduct of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve clinical research.
Methods and results
Several years after the publication of the VARC-2 manuscript, an in-person meeting was held involving over 50 independent clinical experts representing several professional societies, academic research organizations, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and industry representatives to (i) evaluate utilization of VARC endpoint definitions in clinical research, (ii) discuss the scope of this focused update, and (iii) review and revise specific clinical endpoint definitions. A writing committee of independent experts was convened and subsequently met to further address outstanding issues. There were ongoing discussions with FDA and many experts to develop a new classification schema for bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and failure. Overall, this multi-disciplinary process has resulted in important recommendations for data reporting, clinical research methods, and updated endpoint definitions. New definitions or modifications of existing definitions are being proposed for repeat hospitalizations, access site-related complications, bleeding events, conduction disturbances, cardiac structural complications, and bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and failure (including valve leaflet thickening and thrombosis). A more granular 5-class grading scheme for paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) is being proposed to help refine the assessment of PVR. Finally, more specific recommendations on quality-of-life assessments have been included, which have been targeted to specific clinical study designs.
Conclusions
Acknowledging the dynamic and evolving nature of less-invasive aortic valve therapies, further refinements of clinical research processes are required. The adoption of these updated and newly proposed VARC-3 endpoints and definitions will ensure homogenous event reporting, accurate adjudication, and appropriate comparisons of clinical research studies involving devices and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Généreux
- Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Nicolo Piazza
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria C Alu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamim Nazif
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugene H Blackstone
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Finn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael J Mack
- Baylor Scott & White Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Raj Makkar
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John G Webb
- Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Cohen
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Généreux P, Piazza N, Alu MC, Nazif T, Hahn RT, Pibarot P, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Blanke P, Blackstone EH, Finn MT, Kapadia S, Linke A, Mack MJ, Makkar R, Mehran R, Popma JJ, Reardon M, Rodes-Cabau J, Van Mieghem NM, Webb JG, Cohen DJ, Leon MB. Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: Updated Endpoint Definitions for Aortic Valve Clinical Research. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2717-2746. [PMID: 33888385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC), founded in 2010, was intended to (i) identify appropriate clinical endpoints and (ii) standardize definitions of these endpoints for transcatheter and surgical aortic valve clinical trials. Rapid evolution of the field, including the emergence of new complications, expanding clinical indications, and novel therapy strategies have mandated further refinement and expansion of these definitions to ensure clinical relevance. This document provides an update of the most appropriate clinical endpoint definitions to be used in the conduct of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve clinical research. METHODS AND RESULTS Several years after the publication of the VARC-2 manuscript, an in-person meeting was held involving over 50 independent clinical experts representing several professional societies, academic research organizations, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and industry representatives to (i) evaluate utilization of VARC endpoint definitions in clinical research, (ii) discuss the scope of this focused update, and (iii) review and revise specific clinical endpoint definitions. A writing committee of independent experts was convened and subsequently met to further address outstanding issues. There were ongoing discussions with FDA and many experts to develop a new classification schema for bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and failure. Overall, this multi-disciplinary process has resulted in important recommendations for data reporting, clinical research methods, and updated endpoint definitions. New definitions or modifications of existing definitions are being proposed for repeat hospitalizations, access site-related complications, bleeding events, conduction disturbances, cardiac structural complications, and bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and failure (including valve leaflet thickening and thrombosis). A more granular 5-class grading scheme for paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) is being proposed to help refine the assessment of PVR. Finally, more specific recommendations on quality-of-life assessments have been included, which have been targeted to specific clinical study designs. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging the dynamic and evolving nature of less-invasive aortic valve therapies, further refinements of clinical research processes are required. The adoption of these updated and newly proposed VARC-3 endpoints and definitions will ensure homogenous event reporting, accurate adjudication, and appropriate comparisons of clinical research studies involving devices and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Généreux
- Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicolo Piazza
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria C Alu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamim Nazif
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eugene H Blackstone
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T Finn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Michael J Mack
- Baylor Scott & White Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, Texas, USA
| | - Raj Makkar
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Popma
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Reardon
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Josep Rodes-Cabau
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - John G Webb
- Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Cohen
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA.
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8
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El-Chilali K, Al-Rashid F, Riebisch M, Kahlert HA, Mincu RI, Totzeck M, Lind A, Jánosi RA, Dirkmann D, Peters J, Wendt D, Thielmann M, Jakob H, Ruhparwar A, Rassaf T, Kahlert P. Impact of Bioprosthetic Choice on Mortality After Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Reduced Versus Preserved Left-Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:1550-1557. [PMID: 32241550 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI) with a self-expanding (SEP) versus a balloon-expandable prosthesis (BEP) in patients with a reduced ejection fraction (rEF, ≤40%) has not been previously investigated. Patients with rEF have an increased risk of death after TF-TAVI compared to patients with a preserved ejection fraction (pEF), and prosthesis choice might influence the outcome of these patients. We, therefore, sought to compare all-cause mortality of patients with rEF using a SEP versus a BEP. We retrospectively analyzed data of 679 single-center TF-TAVI patients. Patients were censored at death or completion of 1-year follow-up, whichever occurred first. Patients with rEF (n = 141, 21%) had an increased 1-year mortality compared to patients with pEF (28% vs 19%, p = 0.007). SEP were implanted in 149 patients (49 with rEF, 33%), while BEP were implanted in 530 patients (92 with rEF, 17%). In patients with pEF, 1-year mortality was similar after SEP- and BEP-implantation (16% vs 19%, p = 0.516). In patients with rEF, however, 1-year mortality was higher after SEP- than after BEP-implantation (43% vs 21%, p = 0.004). These patients had a higher incidence of new permanent pacemaker implantation (26.5% vs 13%, p = 0.046) and paravalvular leak ≥II° (21% vs 10%, p = 0.07), but both factors could not explain the excess mortality after SEP-implantation in the multivariate analysis. In patients with rEF, the use of a SEP was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.27, p = 0.007). In conclusion, patients with rEF had a higher 1-year mortality after TF-TAVI when a SEP instead of a BEP was used.
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Flechsig M, Ruf TF, Troeger W, Wiedemann S, Quick S, Ibrahim K, Pfluecke C, Youssef A, Sveric KM, Winzer R, Heinzel FR, Linke A, Strasser RH, Zhang K, Heidrich FM. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Neither Improves Survival nor Reduces Myocardial or Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010160. [PMID: 31936060 PMCID: PMC7019611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-interventional myocardial injury occurs frequently during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We assessed the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on myocardial injury, acute kidney injury (AKIN) and 6-month mortality in patients undergoing TAVI. METHODS We performed a prospective single-center controlled trial. Sixty-six patients treated with RIPC prior to TAVI were enrolled in the study and were matched to a control group by propensity-score. RIPC was applied to the upper extremity using a conventional tourniquet. Myocardial injury was assessed using high-sensitive troponin-T (hsTnT), and kidney injury was assessed using serum creatinine levels. Data were compared with the Wilcoxon-Rank and McNemar tests. Mortality was analysed with the log-rank test. RESULTS TAVI led to a significant rise of hsTnT across all patients (p < 0.001). No significant inter-group difference in maximum troponin release or areas-under-the-curve was detected. Medtronic CoreValve and Edwards Sapien valves showed similar peri-interventional troponin kinetics and patients receiving neither valve did benefit from RIPC. AKIN occurred in one RIPC patient and four non-RIPC patients (p = 0.250). No significant difference in 6-month mortality was observed. No adverse events related to RIPC were recorded. CONCLUSION Our data do not show a beneficial role of RIPC in TAVI patients for cardio- or renoprotection, or improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Flechsig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias F. Ruf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi Troeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Wiedemann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, HELIOS Klinikum Pirna, 01796 Pirna, Germany
| | - Silvio Quick
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Technische Universität Dresden, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karim Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Technische Universität Dresden, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Pfluecke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akram Youssef
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Technische Universität Dresden, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Krunoslav M. Sveric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Winzer
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruth H. Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Health Institute, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450659746
| | - Felix M. Heidrich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Herzzentrum Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Chancellor WZ, Schubert SA, Ailawadi G. Transcatheter interventions for functional mitral regurgitation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 7:764-770. [PMID: 30598890 DOI: 10.21037/acs.2018.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitral regurgitation is considered the most prevalent valve disease in the United States and its incidence is increasing due to the aging population. Surgical mitral valve repair and replacement are effective at reducing regurgitation due to ischemia, but many patients with secondary mitral regurgitation do not undergo surgery because they are too high risk. Transcatheter devices that mimic surgical techniques are rapidly being developed to reduce the risks traditionally associated with surgical mitral valve repair and replacement. Despite the challenges posed by complex anatomy and multiple etiologies of mitral valve pathology, early results of transcatheter mitral repair and replacement indicate that they have the potential to increase the number of patients with secondary MR who are candidates for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Z Chancellor
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarah A Schubert
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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11
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Oury C, Nchimi A, Lancellotti P, Bergler-Klein J. Can Blood Biomarkers Help Predicting Outcome in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:31. [PMID: 29644220 PMCID: PMC5882866 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the method of choice for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, who are ineligible or at high risk for surgery. In this high risk patient population, early and late mortality and rehospitalization rates after TAVI are still relatively high. In spite of recent improvements in procedural TAVI, and establishment of risk models for poor outcome, determining individual risk remains challenging. In this context, current data from several small studies strongly suggest that blood biomarkers of myocardial injury, cardiac mechanical stretch, inflammation, and hemostasis imbalance might play an important role by providing informations on patient risk at baseline, and postprocedural progression of patient clinical conditions from days up to years post-TAVI. Although the role of biomarkers for predicting survival post-TAVI remains to be validated in large randomized studies, implementing biomarkers in clinical practice might improve risk stratification, thereby further reducing TAVI-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Oury
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Nchimi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
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12
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Choice of desflurane or propofol for the maintenance of general anesthesia does not affect the risk of periprocedural myocardial damage in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Anesth 2017; 32:82-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Rogers T, Waksman R. Role of CMR in TAVR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 9:593-602. [PMID: 27151522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality imaging plays a critical role in planning, performing, and evaluating transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been underutilized in this patient population to date, but there is increasing evidence that it can offer equivalent or even superior information to more commonly used imaging modalities, such as echocardiography or computed tomography for specific applications. In addition, CMR can provide incremental information, including advanced tissue characterization with late gadolinium enhancement and T1 mapping. In this paper, we review the evidence for CMR in TAVR and explore whether CMR should still be considered a research tool, or whether it is now ready for implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Rogers
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.
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14
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Koifman E, Garcia-Garcia HM, Alraies MC, Buchanan K, Hideo-Kajita A, Steinvil A, Rogers T, Ben-Dor I, Pichard AD, Torguson R, Gai J, Satler LF, Waksman R. Correlates and Significance of Elevation of Cardiac Biomarkers Elevation Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:850-856. [PMID: 28688702 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 recommends cutoff levels of cardiac troponin of >15 and of creatine kinase MB (CKMB) of >5 of the upper limit of normal (ULN) as markers of periprocedural myocardial infarction. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of these cutoffs with the survival rate in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) through the femoral access. Patients who underwent TAVI were classified according to the postprocedural peak marker level of >15 and >5 ULN for troponin and CKMB, respectively. Baseline characteristics were compared, and the impact of these markers on a 1-year survival rate was assessed. Of 474 patients who underwent TAVI, 77% had a peak troponin level of >15 ULN, whereas only 8% had a CKMB level of >5 ULN. Factors associated with troponin and CKMB elevations differed except for the preserved ejection fraction, which was associated with the elevation of both markers. Patients with troponin elevations had higher rates of postprocedure conduction defects (p = 0.001), whereas patients with CKMB had higher rates of bleeding (p <0.001) and stroke (p = 0.03). A troponin elevation of >15 ULN had no impact on the 1-year survival rate (p = 0.52); however, patients with a CKMB level of >5 ULN had increased mortality (p = 0.008), which remained significant in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 2.02, p = 0.035). Troponin level and CKMB had a good correlation (r = 0.7), and a troponin level of 75 ULN was linked with a CKMB level of >5 ULN. In conclusion, cardiac markers differ in their peak levels above the ULN after TAVI. Careful attention should be taken for patients who underwent TAVI with a CKMB level of >5 ULN, as this is the only biomarker independently associated with survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Koifman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hector M Garcia-Garcia
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - M Chadi Alraies
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kyle Buchanan
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alex Hideo-Kajita
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Arie Steinvil
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Toby Rogers
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Itsik Ben-Dor
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Augusto D Pichard
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rebecca Torguson
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jiaxiang Gai
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lowell F Satler
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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15
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Anjan VY, Herrmann HC, Pibarot P, Stewart WJ, Kapadia S, Tuzcu EM, Babaliaros V, Thourani VH, Szeto WY, Bavaria JE, Kodali S, Hahn RT, Williams M, Miller DC, Douglas PS, Leon MB. Evaluation of Flow After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis. JAMA Cardiol 2016; 1:584-92. [DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Pibarot
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - William J. Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - E. Murat Tuzcu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Wilson Y. Szeto
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Joseph E. Bavaria
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Susheel Kodali
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca T. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mathew Williams
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - D. Craig Miller
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Pamela S. Douglas
- Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin B. Leon
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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16
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Koskinas KC, Stortecky S, Franzone A, O'Sullivan CJ, Praz F, Zuk K, Räber L, Pilgrim T, Moschovitis A, Fiedler GM, Jüni P, Heg D, Wenaweser P, Windecker S. Post-Procedural Troponin Elevation and Clinical Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002430. [PMID: 26896474 PMCID: PMC4802442 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of myocardial injury increase frequently during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The impact of postprocedural cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation on short‐term outcomes remains controversial, and the association with long‐term prognosis is unknown. Methods and Results We evaluated 577 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with TAVI between 2007 and 2012. Myocardial injury, defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 as post‐TAVI cardiac troponin T (cTnT) >15× the upper limit of normal, occurred in 338 patients (58.1%). In multivariate analyses, myocardial injury was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality at 30 days (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 8.77; 95% CI, 2.07–37.12; P=0.003) and remained a significant predictor at 2 years (adjusted HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.36–2.88; P<0.001). Higher cTnT cutoffs did not add incremental predictive value compared with the VARC‐2–defined cutoff. Whereas myocardial injury occurred more frequently in patients with versus without coronary artery disease (CAD), the relative impact of cTnT elevation on 2‐year mortality did not differ between patients without CAD (adjusted HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.27–5.26; P=0.009) and those with CAD (adjusted HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.10–2.65; P=0.018; P for interaction=0.24). Mortality rates at 2 years were lowest in patients without CAD and no myocardial injury (11.6%) and highest in patients with complex CAD (SYNTAX score >22) and myocardial injury (41.1%). Conclusions VARC‐2–defined cTnT elevation emerged as a strong, independent predictor of 30‐day mortality and remained a modest, but significant, predictor throughout 2 years post‐TAVI. The prognostic value of cTnT elevation was modified by the presence and complexity of underlying CAD with highest mortality risk observed in patients combining SYNTAX score >22 and evidence of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Stortecky
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Franzone
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabien Praz
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katazyrna Zuk
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aris Moschovitis
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Fiedler
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jüni
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wenaweser
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Caruso D, Rosenberg RD, De Cecco CN, Mangold S, Wichmann JL, Varga-Szemes A, Steinberg DH, Laghi A, Schoepf UJ. Vascular Imaging Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Why and How? Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 18:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Ribeiro HB, Nombela-Franco L, Muñoz-García AJ, Lemos PA, Amat-Santos I, Serra V, de Brito FS, Abizaid A, Sarmento-Leite R, Puri R, Cheema AN, Ruel M, Nietlispach F, Maisano F, Moris C, del Valle R, Urena M, Abdul Jawad Altisent O, del Trigo M, Campelo-Parada F, Jimenez Quevedo P, Alonso-Briales JH, Gutiérrez H, García del Blanco B, Perin MA, Siqueira D, Bernardi G, Dumont É, Côté M, Pibarot P, Rodés-Cabau J. Predictors and Impact of Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:2075-2088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Initial Experience of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement With a Novel Transcatheter Mitral Valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1011-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Lindsay AC, Mohiaddin RH. The emerging roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). EUROINTERVENTION 2015; 11:137-9. [PMID: 26093836 DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i2a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Lindsay
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Myocardial Injury After Transaortic Versus Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:2001-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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