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Zhang D, Yan R, Wang HY, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Gao G, Yang M, Wang H, Liu S, Fu R, Yin D, Zhu C, Feng L, Yang Y, Dou K. Technological Advances Are Associated With Better Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033929. [PMID: 39119974 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few large-scale studies have evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technological advances in the treatment of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (LM-CAD). We aim to identify independent factors that affect the prognosis of PCI in patients with unprotected LM-CAD and to assess the impact of PCI technological advances on long-term clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 4512 consecutive patients who underwent unprotected LM-CAD PCI at Fuwai Hospital from 2004 to 2016 were enrolled. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify which techniques can independently affect the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization). The incidence of 3-year MACEs was 9.0% (406/4512). Four new PCI techniques were identified as the independent protective factors of MACEs, including second-generation drug-eluting stents (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.37-0.99]), postdilatation (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.59-0.94]), final kissing balloon inflation (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.62-0.99]), and using intravascular ultrasound (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63-0.97]). The relative hazard of 3-year MACEs was reduced by ≈50% with use of all 4 techniques compared with no technique use (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32-0.87]). CONCLUSIONS PCI technological advances including postdilatation, second-generation drug-eluting stent, final kissing balloon inflation, and intravascular ultrasound guidance were associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients who underwent unprotected LM-CAD PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Ruohua Yan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Guofeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Chenggang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Kefei Dou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Beijing China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing China
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Vyas PM, Prajapati JS, Sahoo SS, Patel IV, Deshmukh JK, Patel C, Singhal R. Study of Short and Intermediate Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Protected and Unprotected LMCA Stenting. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC29-OC33. [PMID: 28571187 PMCID: PMC5449833 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21821.9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) disease is detected in 5%-7% of cases undergoing Coronary Angiography (CAG). Present guidelines have revealed the significance of anatomical location in left main artery stenosis and syntax scores for determination of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). Debate still persists over the best treatment regarding outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and LMCA stenting for patients with LMCA disease. AIM Aim of the study was to evaluate short and intermediate term clinical outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in LMCA disease in respect to mortality, Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA), reinfarction, stent restenosis and need for repeat target lesion revascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2013 to February 2015, 50 patients underwent LMCA stenting. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment, detailed 2D echocardiographic assessment. Syntax score was calculated in all patients. Clinical in hospital and outpatient follow up was obtained at one, three, six, nine months and one year. RESULTS Mean age was 53.14±9.60 years. On CAG 16 (32%) patients had ostial LMCA lesion, 8 (16%) had mid LMCA lesion, distal LMCA was diseased in 6 (12%). In emergency situation, two bail out LMCA stenting were done for treatment of LMCA dissection. A total of 42 (84%) patients had low syntax score, 6 (12%) had intermediate and 2 (4%) had high syntax score. Only LMCA stenting was done in 22 (44%) patients, LMCA to Left Anterior Descending (LAD) stenting was done in 22 (44%) and LMCA to Left Circumflex (LCX) stenting was done in 6 (12%) patients. Drug-Eluting Stent (DES) was used in 35 (70%) cases while Bare-Metal Stent (BMS) was used in 15 (30%). An 8% mortality and 8% target lesion revascularization rate were observed in our study. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that LMCA stenting is a safe and feasible alternative mode of revascularization in selected patients. Patients most suitable for LMCA stenting in our study were those with isolated ostial/mid LMCA disease, with protected LMCA disease and those who underwent elective stenting procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Vyas
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayesh S Prajapati
- Head and Professor, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sibasis S Sahoo
- Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Iva Vipul Patel
- Research Assistant, Department of Research, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagjeet K Deshmukh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Resident, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Roopesh Singhal
- Resident, Department of Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Elmayergi N, Nguyen T, Hiebert B, Philipp RK, Jassal DS, Tam JW, Hussain F. A "no-option" left main PCI registry: outcomes and predictors of in hospital mortality-utility of the logistic EuroSCORE. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013. [PMID: 23197480 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-risk left main PCI populations have been previously described, there is little data describing outcomes and the role of the logistic EuroSCORE in surgical turndown cohorts or patients in extremis due to acute infarction or cardiogenic shock from left main ischemia. METHODS Consecutive patients with unprotected LM PCI who were surgical turndowns or in extremis were included in this retrospective cohort from 2004 to 2009 at two tertiary centers. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified utilizing routine and stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS There were a total of 56 patients with mean age of 69 (±13). There were 23 (41%) patients with cardiogenic shock. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 23.5% ± 21%. In-hospital death occurred in 12 (21%) patients, largely restricted to the shock subgroup (11/12). Univariate predictors of mortality included peak CK levels (P = 0.01), transfusion (P = 0.01), cardiogenic shock (P < 0.002), male gender (P = 0.027), and logistic EuroSCORE (P = 0.01). Stepwise logistic regression yielded logistic EuroSCORE (P = 0.04, OR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.01-1.56) for every 5% increase) and peak CK level (P = 0.001, OR: 1.23 (95% CI: 1.09-1.40) for every 500 unit increase) as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The AUC ROC for logistic EuroSCORE was 0.73; and for logistic EuroSCORE plus peak CK level was 0.89. CONCLUSION PCI appears to be a reasonable option in the high risk "no option" LM population, with the logistic EuroSCORE and peak CK levels being independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Specifically, the logistic EuroSCORE and peak CK level combined discriminate in-hospital mortality with a high degree of certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Elmayergi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Hara H, Aoki J, Tanabe K, Nishi A, Tanimoto S, Nakajima Y, Yahagi K, Nakashima M, Hashimoto T, Asami M, Watanabe M, Yoshida E, Nakajima H, Hara K. Impact of the clinical syntax score on 5-year clinical outcomes after sirolimus-eluting stents implantation. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2013; 28:258-66. [PMID: 23392971 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-013-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The SYNTAX score stratifies risk among drug-eluting stent-treated patients and is based on lesion characteristics alone. The Clinical SYNTAX Score (CSS) combines the SYNTAX score with age, ejection fraction, and creatinine clearance. We assessed its ability to stratify long-term outcomes in sirolimus-eluting stents (SES)-treated patients. Between August 2004 and March 2005, 249 patients were treated with SES. Clinical follow-up was evaluated at more than 5 years. The CSS was available for 206 patients. More than 5-year clinical follow-up data (mean 2114 ± 107 days) and CSS (range 1-322, mean 35.3 ± 49.9, median 17.5) were available for 201 patients. We divided these scores into tertiles: CSS-LOW ≤ 9.5, 9.5 < CSS-MID ≤ 28, and CSS-HIGH > 28. CSS-HIGH was associated with a higher death rate (CSS-LOW 9.0 %, CSS-MID 11.9 %, CSS-HIGH 41.8 %; log-rank p < 0.001) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (CSS-LOW 29.8 %, CSS-MID 35.8 %, CSS-HIGH 61.2 %; log-rank p = 0.004). Independent predictors for death were hemodialysis [hazard ratio (HR) 3.82; p < 0.001], age (HR 1.67; p = 0.003), ejection fraction (HR 0.98, p = 0.012) and CSS (HR 1.73, p = 0.028), and those for MACE were hemodialysis (HR 2.53, p = 0.002) and CSS (HR 1.40, p = 0.028). Areas under the curve for the SYNTAX score and CSS for death were 0.60 and 0.78 (p < 0.001), whereas those for MACE were 0.58 and 0.68 (p < 0.001), respectively. The CSS predicts long-term outcomes among SES-treated patients better than the SYNTAX score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hara
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1, Kanda-Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan.
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Dash D. Stenting of left main coronary artery stenosis: A to Z. HEART ASIA 2013; 5:18-27. [PMID: 27326065 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2012-010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been considered as the gold standard treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. The marked improvement in technique and technology makes percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) feasible for patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis. The recent introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs), together with advances in periprocedural and postprocedural adjunctive pharmacotherapies, has improved outcomes of PCIs of these lesions. Recent studies comparing efficacy and safety of PCIs using drug-eluting stents and CABG revealed comparable results in terms of safety and a lower need for repeat revascularisation for CABG. Patient selection for both the techniques directly impacts clinical outcome. Despite improvement in stent technology and operator experience, management can be challenging especially in LMCA bifurcation lesions and, therefore, an integrated approach combining advanced devices, tailored techniques, adjunctive support of physiological evaluation, and adjunctive pharmacological agents should be reinforced to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dash
- Department of Cardiology , Fortis Raheja Hospital, Cumballa Hill Hospital , Mumbai, Maharastra , India
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Gómez-Hospital JA, Gomez-Lara J, Rondan J, Homs S, Lozano Martínez-Luengas I, Ferreiro JL, Roura G, Maristany J, Teruel L, Carro A, Avanzas P, Jara P, Esplugas E, Moris C, Cequier A. Seguimiento a largo plazo tras el tratamiento percutáneo del tronco coronario izquierdo no protegido en pacientes de alto riesgo no aptos para cirugía de revascularización. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:530-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Coluccia V, Burzotta F, Romagnoli E, Trani C, Giammarinaro M, Talarico GP, Jannelli GV, Niccoli G, Porto I, Leone AM, Tommasino A, Schiavoni G, Crea F. EuroSCORE predicts long-term mortality of unselected patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:1232-6. [PMID: 22503571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is a simple risk model able to predict early and late mortality after cardiac surgery. Recent data suggest that this score may also predict early clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data regarding EuroSCORE usefulness to predict late outcome after PCI in unselected patients are lacking. METHODS EuroSCORE was prospectively assessed in consecutive patients undergoing PCI during 18 months. The primary end-point was cardiac mortality during the follow-up after PCI. Total mortality was the secondary end-point. Kaplan-Meyer analyses were performed dividing the study population in three subgroups according to the additive EuroSCORE algorithm (low risk group: EuroSCORE 0-2; medium risk group: EuroSCORE 3-5; high-risk group: EuroSCORE ≥ 6). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and landmark analysis on cardiac mortality after 30 days were performed. RESULTS The study population comprised 1170 patients undergoing PCI. Mean follow-up duration was 633 days (range: 365-1000 days). Cardiac mortality was 2%; 2.4%; 13.2% in patients with low, medium and high EuroSCORE respectively. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves for cardiac death differed significantly between EuroSCORE groups (p<0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of cardiac death was 0.77. Similar results were obtained for total mortality. At landmark analysis starting 30 days after PCI, EuroSCORE groups were significantly associated with different survival in the long term (P=0.014). CONCLUSION EuroSCORE risk model can be efficiently utilized to predict late mortality in consecutive, unselected, patients undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Coluccia
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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McNulty EJ, Ng W, Spertus JA, Zaroff JG, Yeh RW, Ren XM, Lundstrom RJ. Surgical candidacy and selection biases in nonemergent left main stenting: implications for observational studies. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 4:1020-7. [PMID: 21939943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to characterize reasons for surgical ineligibility in patients undergoing nonemergent unprotected left main (ULM) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to assess the potential for these reasons to confound comparative effectiveness studies of coronary revascularization. BACKGROUND Although both PCI and coronary artery bypass graft surgery are treatments for ULM disease, some patients are not eligible for both treatments, which may result in treatment selection biases. METHODS In 101 consecutive patients undergoing nonemergent ULM PCI, mixed methods were used to determine the prevalence of treatment selection dictated by surgical ineligibility and to identify the reasons cited for avoiding coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We then determined whether these reasons were captured by the ACC-NCDR (American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry) Cath-PCI dataset to assess the ability of this registry to account for biases in treatment selection. Finally, the association of surgical eligibility with long-term outcomes after ULM PCI was assessed. RESULTS Treatment selection was dictated by surgical ineligibility in over half the ULM PCI cohort with the majority having reasons for ineligibility not captured by the ACC-NCDR. Surgical ineligibility was a significant predictor of mortality after adjustment for Society of Thoracic Surgeons (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 25), EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) (HR: 5.9, 95% CI: 1.3 to 27), or NCDR mortality scores (HR: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.4 to 27). CONCLUSIONS Surgical ineligibility dictating treatment selection is common in patients undergoing nonemergent ULM PCI, occurs on the basis of risk factors not captured by the ACC-NCDR, and is independently associated with worse long-term outcomes after adjusting for standard risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J McNulty
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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Pappalardo A, Mamas MA, Imola F, Ramazzotti V, Manzoli A, Prati F, El-Omar M. Percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main coronary artery disease as culprit lesion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:618-26. [PMID: 21700247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction due to a culprit lesion in an unprotected left main coronary artery. METHODS In this retrospective, 2-center, international observational study, 5,261 patients were admitted between February 2005 and December 2008 with acute myocardial infarction and treated with PCI; of these, 1,277 were ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 3,984 non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We identified 48 patients among this cohort who underwent emergency PCI to an unprotected left main coronary artery culprit lesion. RESULTS Mean age was 70 ± 12.5 years, and 45% of the patients presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or new left bundle branch block. Cardiogenic shock was present in 45%, and distal left main coronary artery disease was present in 71% of patients. Angiographic procedural success was achieved in 92% of patients. Overall in-hospital mortality was 21%, due in all cases to refractory, multiorgan failure. Twenty-five percent experienced major adverse cardiac events, defined as death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and target vessel revascularization. In patients presenting in cardiogenic shock, in-hospital mortality was 32%. At 1-year follow-up, in-hospital survivors had a mortality rate of 10.5%, whereas 18.4% experienced subsequent major adverse cardiac events. Long-term prognosis was excellent in hospital survivors with a 1-year survival rate of 89.5%. CONCLUSIONS Patients with acute myocardial infarction and thrombosis of the unprotected left main coronary artery are a high-risk subgroup with a substantial mortality, particularly if they present in cardiogenic shock. We demonstrate that in these patients, PCI is a feasible treatment option associated with reasonably good outcomes. Long-term prognosis is excellent in hospital survivors with an 89.5% survival rate at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pappalardo
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Capodanno D, Caggegi A, Miano M, Cincotta G, Dipasqua F, Giacchi G, Capranzano P, Ussia G, Di Salvo ME, La Manna A, Tamburino C. Global Risk Classification and Clinical SYNTAX (Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) Score in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous or Surgical Left Main Revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:287-97. [PMID: 21435606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shammas NW, Shammas GA, Jerin M. The impact of severe distal left main disease on target lesion revascularization in patients with trifurcating coronary artery disease receiving the paclitaxel drug-eluting stent. Int J Angiol 2010; 19:e106-9. [PMID: 22477617 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of severe left main (LM) disease has been shown to adversely influence the outcome of patients undergoing percutaneous treatment of bifurcating LM disease. LM trifurcating coronary artery disease (LMTCAD) is even more complex and challenging to treat. The present article reports on the immediate and midterm outcomes of patients with severe LM disease treated with the paclitaxel drug-eluting stent for LMTCAD. METHODS Consecutive patients (n=52) who underwent LM trifurcating stenting with the paclitaxel drug-eluting stent at the Genesis Medical Center (Iowa, USA) over a two-year period were divided into two groups: type A (with severe [50% or greater] LM involvement including trifurcating branches) and type B (with no LM involvement but involving the trifurcating branches). Demographic, clinical, procedural and midterm clinical outcomes were reviewed. Angiograms were analyzed by an operator who was blinded to patient histories. The primary end point of the study was target lesion revascularization (TLR) on follow-up. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed, and survival curves were plotted to compare the two groups. RESULTS Demographic and clinical variables were identical in both groups. Type A lesions required significantly more stents to treat than type B lesions (4.13±1.78 versus 2.33±1.22; P=0.001). The techniques to treat both lesions were considerably different, with more V stenting in type B and more Y stenting in type A. The TLR rate was 64.3% in type A versus 18.2% in type B (P=0.005). On follow-up, one patient with type B disease had sudden death, possibly related to stent thrombosis. CONCLUSION Severe LM disease has a significant adverse impact on TLR in patients with LMTCAD. Given the high TLR rate, bypass surgery needs to be considered as first-line therapy in patients with type A trifurcating coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W Shammas
- Midwest Cardiovascular Research Foundation and the Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, Iowa, USA
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Onuma Y, Girasis C, Piazza N, Garcia-Garcia HM, Kukreja N, Garg S, Eindhoven J, Cheng JM, Valgimigli M, van Domburg R, Serruys PW. Long-Term Clinical Results Following Stenting of the Left Main Stem. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:584-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen SL, Chen JP, Mintz G, Xu B, Kan J, Ye F, Zhang J, Sun X, Xu Y, Jiang Q, Zhang A, Stone GW. Comparison Between the NERS (New Risk Stratification) Score and the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) Score in Outcome Prediction for Unprotected Left Main Stenting. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:632-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Capodanno D, Miano M, Cincotta G, Caggegi A, Ruperto C, Bucalo R, Sanfilippo A, Capranzano P, Tamburino C. EuroSCORE refines the predictive ability of SYNTAX score in patients undergoing left main percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J 2010; 159:103-9. [PMID: 20102874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether SYNTAX score should be used as a stand-alone tool or whether its performance may be improved by the parallel use of clinical scores focusing on comorbidities, such as EuroSCORE, is a matter of debate. METHODS A combined risk model including both clinical and angiographic information was developed, and its performance tested on a contemporary population of 255 patients with left main disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A global risk classification (GRC) system was created by combination of SYNTAX score and EuroSCORE strata, and new classes of risk were defined. RESULTS When EuroSCORE was fitted into the SYNTAX score model, c-statistic increased from 0.681 to 0.732 for the prediction of cardiac mortality. The likelihood ratio test for the significance of adding the EuroSCORE term to the model was chi(2) = 4.109 (P = .043) with a net reclassification improvement of 26% (P = .002). GRC showed the best prediction and discriminative ability in terms of two-year cardiac mortality (HR 3.40, 95% CI 1.79-6.43, P < .001; c-statistic 0.756) as compared with SYNTAX score (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.35-6.10, P = .006; c-statistic 0.747) and EuroSCORE (HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.41-6.57, P = .005; c-statistic 0.708) alone. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant improvement in the prediction of cardiac mortality with the inclusion of EuroSCORE in a SYNTAX score-based model. The degree of reclassification between treatment threshold categories indicates that clinical and angiographic information are both important for assessing individual risk of patients undergoing left main PCI.
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